Report Design and Implementation for Sport Club Database System

This report discusses the design and implementation of a new membership record system for a sport club database. It includes a use case diagram, entity relationship model, and SQL statements. The report aims to develop a club sport system and combine it with different activities. It provides a brief idea about the information related to the club in a particular region and offers different services and the ability to book or move from the club and participate in different activities by members.

Report Design and Implementation
1

Contents
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................3
TASK.........................................................................................................................................4
Use case diagram....................................................................................................................4
Entity relationship model (ERM)...........................................................................................9
SQL statements....................................................................................................................19
Create database tables..........................................................................................................24
Two SQL queries.................................................................................................................25
CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................27
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................29
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INTRODUCTION
A database refers to the information or data that is useful for setup and easily access,
update or manage data in proper manner. Typically, a large collection of data can be stored in
the database and provide the facility for other to access relevant data in proper manner. For
considering the sport club system, it focuses on the designing database system and collect or
store all relevant information. In future, it is accessible for user’s to identify the sport club
activity on the weekly basis.
The report is based on the implementation of a new membership record system that
provide the better facility to store information related members, sport related activity
bookings and staff members. The designer will select a particular fields and attributes to
establish a strong relationship between one or more tables. The case scenario is related to
sport club database system and allows the different members to check availability of sports
classes per week.
The aim of report is to develop or design a club sport system and combined with
different activities. It provide the brief idea about the information which is related to the club
in particular region. Additionally, it offers the different services and ability to book or move
from club and participate into different activities by members. In this way, it is always
motivated the people to join sport club and showing all necessary equipment, machines. It is
helping to improve the innovative program and also proposed the system which can be
developed.
The scope of project is to build the best solution in regards of sports club system and
keep record, maintain all information about members, staff members and booking activities.
Once, it developed the sports club management systems in order to target the best solution
and consider all essential resources to build their management. Typically, it can happen in the
small enterprise, it would require to keep record all essential information and accessible at
any time. Generally, it should be considered the essential resources which are limited and
destined to improve the sports related service. It offers the better services and improving the
entire management system.
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TASK
Use case diagram
It is based on the graphical representation to express the high level functions, scope of
sport club record system. When a use case diagram is helping to determine the better
interaction between systems and actors (Ataei, 2021). The use case of sport club system is
describe what the system behave and how each or every actors use it. In some cases, the
system of sport club record system operates internally.
4
Login account
Check sports activity
Update/edit time-table
Replace equipment
Book slot
Confirmed
Staff
Admin
Member
s
Sign up
Received Notification

Figure: 1 User Case Diagram
The importance of use case diagram is to understand the high level functions and scope of
Sports club management system. The significant role of use case diagram is to find the
interaction between actors and systems. It allows to understand how it will perform certain
actions in step by step manner. Before starting the project of Sport club management, it is an
essential aspect to create use case model for business perspective so that it can easily
represent the significant role of participants (Vaidya, 2021). In this way, it is also developed
more understanding of staff members of spot club, participant members and booking
activities. Once, it is gathering the requirements and then move towards creating a use case to
capture system needs. At the time of analysis and design, it is always used the use cases and
actors, identify how they will perform different tasks in proper manner.
 Use case- it is described the function of Sport club management system and perform
to achieve desirable goals and objective. A use case must be needed to the focused on
the desirable results and finding the value of users in the system.
 Actors- it can be represented the significant role of particular users and establish a
strong interaction with system. Sometimes, it depends on the modelling. A use can be
external objects and humans.
 Subsystem- it is kind of stereotyped approach that is always represented the concept
of behavioural units, independency in the system. Subsystems are becoming consider
an important to identify the large scale approach and modelling.
 Relationship- A relationship refers to the connection between different elements of
model. it is helping to add semantics in which define the overall structure, behaviour
of different elements.
In the context of UML, use case diagram plays an important role in the sport club system
and identify the involvement of different users, their specific interactions. Therefore, it is
necessary to understand the behaviour of users and create visualizes the interactions between
development system as well as actors (Chau and Chittayasothorn, 2021). Typically, the
external entities are known as actors. It may be represented the human users and showing an
external hardware. In the case of sport club system, it can be identified the different actors
such as sport club members, staff members of sport club and administrator.
5

Based on the figure-1, it has been proposed the use case diagram and build more
understanding towards use case cases. On the basis of analysis, it starts with the beginning
section such as sign up. It provide the opportunity for members where they can complete
registration process. Afterward, they were easily login from her or him to enter their personal
information. Furthermore, the system will search the information and completing the
verifying or validating process. If in case, it may arise a mistaken information where it
automatically display same home page. After successfully completing the process, member
can be checking the sport activity on the daily basis. In case, it has found the availability and
immediately book a slot, get a confirmation message.
Apart from that, it has been identified that staff member as user can edit, update and
replace equipment’s according to the requirements of particular sport activity. On the basis of
proposed diagram, it is displayed all correct information for users to make and utilise the
system. It is also re-directing the user to login their account and accessing all essential
information or data.
Use case description-
Use case-1
Use case name Member signup or registration
Actor Member
Admin
Pre-condition Member of sport club has followed the path
of registration and completing their signup
process so that they can further proceed.
Flow of events  Click on the signup option
 Member of sport club can enter
necessary personal information
 Admin can be validate the correct
data and then stored in the database
system.
Post-condition  In future, member can be added the
new information in their account.
Exception The system does not allow the user to
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proceed and develop a situation of system
failure.
Table: 1
Use case-2
Use case name Member login account
Actor Member
Pre-condition Member of sport club has followed the path
to login their account by using username,
password and also accessing the information
or data.
Flow of events  Member can enter username and
password.
 Access the relevant information and
choosing different options regarding
sport activity.
Post-condition  In future, member can be added the
new information in their account.
Exception The system does not allow the user to
proceed and develop a situation of system
failure.
Table: 2
Use case-3
Use case name Staff member update information or data
Actor Staff member
Pre-condition In the sport club, staff members of sport
club have focused on the booking activity
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information. If a new system will get alert
message from members side.
Flow of events  Staff members of Sport club have
accessed their account by using
username and password.
 Update the information related
equipment, timing, sport activities in
the system.
Post-condition  In future, Staff member can be
completed modification in the
system and provide right detailed to
the users.
Exception The system does not allow the user to
proceed and develop a situation of system
failure.
Table: 3
Use case-4
Use case name Member book sports activity slot
Actor Member
Pre-condition Member of sport club has followed the path
to login their account by using username,
password and selecting the option for
particular sport activity.
Flow of events  Member can enter username and
password.
 Choosing the category of different
sport activities.
 Book a slot
 Received confirmation
Post-condition  In future, member can be added the
new information in their account.
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Exception The system does not allow the user to
proceed and develop a situation of system
failure.
Table: 4
Entity relationship model (ERM)
Figure: 2 Entity relationship model
An entity relationship model is based on the approach to represent the relationship
between places, objects, people and events within IT system. It is one of the important aspect
to establish an interrelated connection with interest of specific domain (Coole, 2021). ERD
model is composed of different entities and classify things of interests. In some cases, it is
specifying the strong relationship that can exist between different entities.
In the context of sport club database system, it is commonly used entity relationship
model to represent things an enterprise needs to remember. Consequently, it can be defined
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the abstract data model which can easily defined the data or information. Afterwards, it is
implemented in the database which is typically created a relational database.
Primary key- It is based on the column that contain values which is uniquely identify
each or every row in the specific table. A database must have primary key so that it helps to
perform different operations such as update, restore, insert, delete data (Ramez and
Shamkant, 2022). The purpose of primary key is to identify the uniqueness of row where it is
helping to prevent from duplicates. For example- member reference number, class code and
staff members.
Foreign key- it refers to the column in the table whose values must be matched in
another table. It is also supporting to reinforce the referential integrity and consider as an
essential aspect to build a relationship between two database tables in proper manner.
Entities Attributes
Member table  Member reference number (PK)
 First name
 Surname
 Address
 Phone no
 Email
 Date of birth
 Medical condition
 Class code (FK)
Booking activity table  Class code (PK)
 Title
 Day
 Time of delivery
Sports club staff table  Staff number (PK)
 First name
 Surname
 Role
 Contact number
 Member Reference number (FK)
 Class code (FK)
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Table: 5
In figure-2, it has proposed the entity relationship diagram or model in order to
represent the different entities and their specific attributes. ER is one of the best computing
approach in regards of data or information, which helps to find the better solutions. In table-5,
it is also representing the primary and foreign key that uses at the time of database design.
Relational schema-
Member table
Reference
number
Firstname surname address telephone Email
address
Date
of
birth
Medical
condition
Class
code
SportClubStaff table
Staff
member
Firstnam
e
surname role Contact
number
Member
reference
number
Class
code
Booking activity table
Time of delivery Title Day Class code
A relational schema is defined the set of relational tables which are associated with different
items and also related to the one another. All kind of tables, indexes, view and roles are
created in order to fulfil all essential needs of particular business (Zhang, 2021). The
relational schema plays an important role because it helps to create or develop a set of
applications such as Sports club management system and belongs to the one schema. That’s
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why, it is important to create appropriate relational schema to identify the interactions
between one or more tables.
Relationship between database tables
Relation-1
Figure: 3
In figure-3, it has been represented the relational schema between two tables such as member
table and booking activity table. These are two tables which can be developed a strong
relationship between each other by using foreign key. In BookingActivity_table, Class code
is a primary key which consists of unique values. In Member_table, class code can be
behaved as foreign key in which establish one to one relationship. For example- One member
is booking a one class activity at single time. This is the way to build a relations between
members and booking activity tables.
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Relation-2
Figure: 4
In figure-4, it has been represented the relational schema between two tables such as sport
club staff table and booking activity table. These are two tables which can be developed a
strong relationship between each other by using foreign key. In BookingActivity_table, Class
code is a primary key which consists of unique values. In SportClubStaff_table, class code
can be behaved as foreign key in which establish one to many relationship. For example- One
staff member can be handled the class activity record on daily basis. This is the way to build
a relations between BookingClubStaff_table and SportClubStaff_table activity tables by
using foreign key.
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Relation-3
Figure: 5
In figure-5, it has been represented the relational schema between two tables such as sport
club staff table and member table. These are two tables which can be developed a strong
relationship between each other by using foreign key. In member table, member reference
number is a primary key which consists of unique values. In SportClubStaff_table, member
reference number can be represented as foreign key in which establish many to many
relationship. For example- One staff member can be recoded the class activity record on daily
basis. This is the way to build a relations between BookingClubStaff_table and
SportClubStaff_table activity tables by using foreign key.
Database testing and development
It is based on the concept to find the errors that affects the security, consistency and
performance of sport club system. In some situation, it is always inspiring or motivating
individual’s to validate the system against the user’s specified requirements. For purpose of
implementing the database and utilised MS SQL server. Each and every process can be used
in the database design, supporting to improve user experience. Some kind of process is
employed for items and services that would need to be established a strong interaction.
Afterwards, it is also getting the expectations on the basis of experiences. The designer is
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enabled to understand the performance of users in tasks management. Moreover, it is also
accomplishing the better product function.
For example- Checking the data type of entities in the specific field.
In above example, it has been identified that generate an error message if in case it
can be used another data types. In this way, it can identify the data type of each field in the
database table.
Database testing- It is based on the process or method of checking that everything
goes in right orders in respect to the database. It can be performed when creating a controlled
testing environment (Mohieldeen, 2021). The process of database testing is also known as
back-end testing. In the process of database testing, it involves for checking purpose such as
tables, triggers and schema.
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Here are identifying the different kind of database testing:-
Structural database testing- this type of testing is related to the components of
database but it is not completely exposed to the end user. Structural database testing can be
including the various components related to the repository which is used to store or collect
large amount of data as well as information. In some cases, it has been changed the data
through end users. On the other hand, the significant role of administrator are performing
SQL commands and execute different operations or functions. In the context of schema
testing, user can be examined that different database objects are not properly compatible
(Maesaroh and et.al., 2022). So, it would be required to validate different schema formats and
associated with multiple databases. Whenever it has performed object mapping in the
schemas but it would be considered different tools or platforms that is already used in the
marketplace. For example- In SQL server, a tester will be performed the tasks and write
queries to check the validation of schema in database. If in case, it will be doing some
changes in the structure of database tables. Tester need to make some changes and ensure all
procedures are compatible with certain changes.
For example-
Non-function testing- This kind of testing can be used in order to calculate the
performance of load testing, checking the minimum requirements. In this way, it supports to
meet the specific requirements of enterprise. In some cases, it is also helping find risks, errors
and also optimising the performance of database.
Load testing is also another important approach in order to check the entire
application and identify the running condition. Furthermore, it is also examined that how the
performance of load testing impacts on the database. In case of load testing, it is timely
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response for executing certain transactions for different users. It is also consumed the time by
database and grabs a particular records.
For example- Whenever it is running the process to record the performance of
transaction and handling the entire activities. On the other hand, the load testing involves in
terms of downloading a large number of files from the internet. Another way, it is also
identifying the running condition of applications on a particular system.
Functional testing- this type of testing is validates the users and other applications so
that they can easily update, access data within database system. Some kind of testers are
focused on the validate database functionality by application testing (Zhang, 2021). It rely on
the database system. The specific functional testing approach poses threats or risks where it
easily checking the application. In case, it may arise situation of system failure and success. It
depends on the condition of database system.
To ensure the reliability of database, it would be required to explore each and every
field and use a test generator or drive database directly or indirectly. Some necessary risks are
developing a complex situation because of poor performance in data testing. But it can be
identified and eliminate problem through functional testing. Some important aspect is to fix
the data format, size. If it does not exist in the real application. On the other hand, It ensure
the quality of database, it would be required to pick the best functional database testing
platform for project and then implementing right solutions.
Without any doubt, it has been identified that IT enterprise can use a specific
functional testing platform or tool so that they can easily eliminate or remove the problems.
For example- by using SeLite, it easily performed the tasks in the browser automation. In the
markets, different kind of generalized items are used in order to improve the performance of
database and also analysing large amount of collected data or information in proper manner.
Justify and analyse the design decisions
For the development of Sports club management system, it is clearly develop a new
database system by using SQL server. It extend to adapt one of the important feature and
fulfil all essential objectives. The Choice of database design was develop an entire system
processing and understand the specific need of this project. Whenever it focuses on the
system which has manually performed and provide guidance to correct the development of
Sport club management extension. It supports to find the relevant information or data once it
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has been completed the tasks in proper manner. Despite, it is concerned about the extension
which is perfectly validate and handle the complex processing. Before starting the project, I
have decided to create entity relationship model and consider necessary fields or user so that
they can perform different actions with project (PO, PO and PSO, 2022 ). By using ERD
model, it is clearly examined that what I wanted as results in the Sports club management
system. Furthermore, it was provided the right solution for resolving problem in data
management. In club, there are large amount of information or data gathered on daily basis.
On the basis of evaluation, it has been justified the design and development of Sports
club management system because of using a relational database through SQL server tool or
platform. This type of approach is helping to manage and control interaction between
applications. It assures that correct data or information used for requested users if required.
When selecting a specific sequence of design pattern, it has been represented in the form of
entity relationship model. It provide the better way to express the nature of different entities
and how they can perform in proper manner. Nowadays, it is very important to collect or
gather information before developing a new system. In case of Sport club management
system, it has been established a strong coordination or interaction with staff member of club,
identify what kind of major problems or challenges happens (Suminto, Lu and Gunawi,
2022). The most common problem is related to mis-management of data because in each day,
a large number of information or data can be recorded. Sometimes, it cannot possible to
access data at single time and perform some kind of necessary modification. This kind of
problem can be resolved by use of database management system. It provide the better
flexibility for user’s those are sharing information and gathering data on regular basis. In this
way, it has been justified that selection of design was quite good for club enterprise where it
is always maintained a consistency and important to define the specific roles or
responsibilities of everyone.
On the other hand, Different user groups such as staff members of sport club,
participant members are establishing a strong connection with the help of Sport club
management system. All kind of necessary roles are needed to be understandable through
query language. The use of SQL efficiently. It became easier for user to work with sport club
management system and improve the performance or efficiency. Without any doubt, the need
of development can reshape the new system and clear a specific requirements and cost that
will select in right manner. The support of database designer or developer will save time and
implementing right actions accordingly.
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SQL statements
Structure query language is based on the standardized programming language that is
mainly used to manage or control the relational databases. It is always supporting to perform
various kind of operations on the data or information. SQL queries are playing important role
in terms of database design or development (Ukyab, 2021). It can be performed the
operations which take the form of multiple commands and written as statement. Sometimes,
it is aggregated into the program that enable the user to retrieve data, add and modify from
the database tables.
Relational databases are becoming the most common thing in terms of data collection
because it is composed of database tables and relates to each other. For example- SQL
database can be used for purpose of service management where one table establish a strong
relation with another one. SQL became the most appropriate programming language after it
can be emerged in late of 1980s and 1870s. Structure query language is basically designed for
modifying, extracting and accessing relevant data (Nathan, Govindarajan and Jayachandran,
2019). As programming database language, it is majorly focused on the SQL commands and
syntax for issuing those commands. Here are identifying the several kind of SQL commands
such as: - Data definition language, data manipulation language, data control and query
language. SQL statements are based on the case-insensitive which means that explain the
combination of different letters. SQL keywords are performing the commands, control
operators. As a result, it will be generating accurate results or outcomes.
Create –
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[BookingActivity_table](
[class code] [int] NOT NULL,
[title] [varchar](50) NOT NULL,
[day] [varchar](50) NOT NULL,
[time of delivery] [time](7) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_BookingActivity_table] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
[class code] ASC
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)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF,
IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS =
ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Members_table](
[member reference number] [int] NOT NULL,
[first name] [varchar](50) NOT NULL,
[surname] [varchar](50) NOT NULL,
[address] [varchar](50) NOT NULL,
[telephone] [int] NOT NULL,
[email address] [varchar](50) NOT NULL,
[date of birth] [date] NOT NULL,
[medical conditions] [varchar](50) NOT NULL,
[class code] [int] NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_Members_table] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
[member reference number] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF,
IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS =
ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]
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GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[SportsClubStaff_table](
[staff member] [int] NOT NULL,
[first name] [varchar](50) NOT NULL,
[surname] [varchar](50) NOT NULL,
[role] [varchar](50) NOT NULL,
[contact number] [int] NOT NULL,
[member reference number] [int] NULL,
[class code] [int] NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_SportsClubStaff_table] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
[staff member] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF,
IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS =
ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
SET ANSI_PADDING OFF
GO
Insert-
INSERT INTO [dbo].[BookingActivity_table]
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([class code]
,[title]
,[day]
,[time of delivery])
VALUES
(<class code, int,>
,<title, varchar(50),>
,<day, varchar(50),>
,<time of delivery, time(7),>)
GO
INSERT INTO [dbo].[Members_table]
([member reference number]
,[first name]
,[surname]
,[address]
,[telephone]
,[email address]
,[date of birth]
,[medical conditions]
,[class code])
VALUES
(<member reference number, int,>
,<first name, varchar(50),>
,<surname, varchar(50),>
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,<address, varchar(50),>
,<telephone, int,>
,<email address, varchar(50),>
,<date of birth, date,>
,<medical conditions, varchar(50),>
,<class code, int,>)
GO
INSERT INTO [dbo].[SportsClubStaff_table]
([staff member]
,[first name]
,[surname]
,[role]
,[contact number]
,[member reference number]
,[class code])
VALUES
(<staff member, int,>
,<first name, varchar(50),>
,<surname, varchar(50),>
,<role, varchar(50),>
,<contact number, int,>
,<member reference number, int,>
,<class code, int,>)
23

GO
Create database tables
The database tables are defined the objects that contain essential information or data
within system. In DB, data can be organised in logically manner, stored in row-column. Each
and every row represents a unique record and column represents a field (Li and et.al., 2022).
This kind of thing is useful for managing large amount of data in proper manner. Before
creating a table, it is important to assign the specific properties of particular table. It is always
maintained and controlled the information. The data is also compressed by row or page level.
it allows the developer to store data in the page wise.
Booking Activity table
Members table
Sport club staff table
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Two SQL queries
1).
View current bookings by members
SQL code-
SELECT Members_table.[member reference number], Members_table.[first name],
Members_table.surname, Members_table.[class code]
FROM Members_table CROSS JOIN
BookingActivity_table
Output-
2).
Displays the current weekly activities for the sports club.
SQL code-
SELECT BookingActivity_table.[class code], BookingActivity_table.title,
BookingActivity_table.day, BookingActivity_table.[time of delivery],
SportsClubStaff_table.[staff member]
FROM SportsClubStaff_table INNER JOIN
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BookingActivity_table ON SportsClubStaff_table.[class code] =
BookingActivity_table.[class code]
Output-
SQL code-
SELECT title, day
FROM BookingActivity_table
Output-
Identify and issue or challenges that faced in the Sport club system design
The database was designed or created by using MS SQL server and kept on the
premise in the club’s office. The relevant information has been entered and maintained in
locally or manually basis. It is also repeating the same condition for new users, update the
data which was already included. Although the database has been resolved uncertain issues in
the data management.
Here are identified the common database problems or issues which may arise in the
Sport club systems.
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Slow read or write speeds- it is the most common challenge in order to slow down the
performance of system. At the time of data handling, it would be identified slow process in
data processing because of high latency for disk writes or reads. For example- database
administrators are needed to be drilled down the input or output spots (Gu, 2020). Exactly, it
is also representing the latency values that are becoming highest and figure out the critical
situation. Some kind of issues are identified related to the index tuning. It is difficult to check
the buffer pool and other kind of measurements.
Scaling problems- it is difficult to scale up the database which is not necessarily to
handle multiple operation. For instance, a relational database system is designed to run the
information or data on the single server. It is more complex procedure to handle the scaling.
In the same way, it is also focused on the scaling, sharding and involves the processed and
splitting up the database into separate sections. Moreover, it is also created the complexity
and arise the certain problems or issues.
Incorrect virtual machine settings- As increasing the use of virtual machines, database
is becoming an important aspect that provide everything, handle the optimization matters. In
some cases, different number of machines are basically relying on the same hardware
(Ellouze, Louati and Bouaziz, 2019). If it is not necessary to setup the environment and end
up all kind of major issues or problems in the virtual machines.
Lack of monitoring and backup settings- Without any doubt, database is one of the
fundamental approach and supports to deliver the best quality of services. If one database
goes down, it is always taking down the level of dependencies. If some areas, it would be
required to maintain resilient and perform backed up frequently. As constantly monitoring, it
has been examined the uncertain issues before taking an important steps in the infrastructure
management of database.
CONCLUSION
In above analysis, it has concluded that design or develop a system that easily
combines with sport clubs and provide relevant information of particular region. it has been
summarised the implementation of a new membership record system which provide the better
facility to store information related members, sport related activity bookings and staff
members. Based on the discussion, it has been analysed the importance of UML (unified
modelling language) because it provide better supports for designer to identify the interaction
of users. In the context of ERM, it has been expressed the relationship between different
27

entities and their specific attributes. These are helping to acquire relevant information and
develop more understanding towards relationships. Moreover, it has been discussed the
concept of user case diagram which is related to the users who can perform as an actor and
maintain coordination or communication. In this report, it has been described the importance
of SQL statements which provide the better facility to execute different queries in step by
step manner. Based on the discussion, it has been concerned about the sport club database
system that allows to access, update, insert information of members and also identifying the
per week sport class activities.
28

REFERENCES
Book and Journals
Vaidya, M., 2021. RDBMS In-Depth: Mastering SQL and PL/SQL Concepts, Database
Design, ACID Transactions, and Practice Real Implementation of RDBM (English
Edition). BPB Publications.
Coole, M.P., 2021. Novel Database Design for Extreme Scale Corpus Analysis. Lancaster
University (United Kingdom).
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