Sports Biomechanics: A Literature Review

SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author Note:

SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
Literature review table:
Author,
Year
Participants Method Biochemical
Parameters
Findings
Haugen, T.,
& Buchheit,
M. (2016)
6 non-amputee sprinters
and 11 sprinters with
transtibial amputation
Randomised
selection
High speed video
Inside leg Sprinters with unilateral amputation are found to have
asymmetric legs. The non-amputees and sprinters with the
amputation run slower on the curve compared to straight running
but in a different kinematics.
Di Prampero,
P. E., Botter,
A., &
Osgnach, C.
(2015)
4 athletes on a plain
terrain
Set up of sprint
runners and
video
Leg and thigh
muscles
In medium-level sprint runners, the metabolic requirement is
much higher than compared to the one running at a constant
speed.
Yu, J., Sun,
Y., Yang, C.,
Wang, D.,
Yin, K.,
Herzog, W.,
& Liu, Y.
(2016)
20 male sprinters Kinematics data
Ground reaction
forces were
measured
Hip and knee
joint
Muscle torque and other passive torque were recorded. It has
been found that the peak horizontal breaking force was
comparatively lower than for the maximal velocity. The lower
horizontal braking is the main cause for increasing running
velocity.
Čoh, M.
(2019)
World’s fastest sprinter,
Usain Bolt
2D Kinematics
analysis
Leg, knee and
hip
The maximum speed attained by Usain Bolt is a result of the
combination of optimal anthropomertric characteristics clubbed
with his athletics ability and his extremely rational techniques.
Haugen, T.,
& Buchheit,
M. (2016)
Multiple observation
from different videos
Video and GPS
technology
Whole body
including leg
and hand
movement
Sprint performance can be highly affected by factors like clothing
of the athlete and the environmental factors including
temperature, altitude, humidity and bio-metric pressure.
Rabita, G.,
Dorel, S.,
Slawinski, J.,
Sàez‐de‐
Four elite and 5 sub-
elite sprinters
Virtual sprinter
was constructed
and was observed
Each step of
the leg
It has been found that the Anteroposterior force, the power and
the ratio of the horizontal force component to the resultant (total)
force are the factors required to compute the velocity of a
sprinter.

SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
Villarreal, E.,
Couturier,
A.,
Samozino,
P., & Morin,
J. B. (2015)
Cetin, E.,
Hindistan, I.
E., &
Ozkaya, Y.
G. (2018)
20 students who were
recreationally active
2D Kinematics
and high speed
video
Legs, hips The training groups were given uphill and downhill training.
After rigorous training the time was shortened and the velocity of
the participants increased by 100 m for the uphill participants.
Higashihara,
A., Ono, T.,
Tokutake,
G.,
Kuramochi,
R., Kunita,
Y., Nagano,
Y., & Hirose,
N. (2018).
10 male college
sprinters
Observation
through 3D
kinematics data
and video
Biceps and
thigh muscles
Strain injuries among athletes are very common and are an
indicator of future injury. An athlete with a pre-injury is
displayed increased hip flexion and peak knee flexion as
compared to one with no strains or injury.
Sado, N.,
Yoshioka, S.,
& Fukashiro,
S. (2019)
10 male sprinter during
steady sate running
3D kinematics
data and video
Leg, biceps Faster running of an athlete requires larger lumbosacral axial
rotation of torque and is relatively invariant to the running
posture. Faster running increase the bio-chemical load resulting in
the pelvic drop and posterior tilt. This could result in potential
injury.
Pavei, G.,
Zamparo, P.,
Fujii, N., Otsu,
T., Numazu, N.,
Minetti, A. E.,
& Monte, A.
(2019)
1 male athlete 35 Camera
motion set up
Ankle, legs The mechanical power of an athlete increases linearly with the
increase in the mean sprint velocity. The inertia of the limbs
decreases due to the function of the distance within the sprint.