Discussion of Results for Sports Science Experiment

Running head: SPORTS SCIENCE
Discussion of Results for Sports Science Experiment
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1SPORTS SCIENCE
Present findings and previous studies
Football is contact sport which involves continuous physical activity such as running
tackling, shooting and others. The purpose of this discussion is to present the results found
from the experiment through knee proprioception test by Biodex dynamometer. The purpose
of this discussion is to interpret the numerical findings into the qualitative discussion wile
comparing the results with previous researches. The discussion also includes the hypothesis
presentation and explanation of acceptance. Some unexpected results were also found in this
study which has been presented in this section. The factors that are influencing knee
surrounded muscle, bone, tendon and other musculoskeletal movement for knee
proprioception, have been discussed along with the evidences of human anatomy. From the
results it has been already found that the difference is significant. However, the aim of this
discussion is to analyse the implication of this findings as well.
Football is one of the most contact sports and running game which requires
continuous physical as well as rapid movement such as running tackling, shooting and other
high intensive activity. Some of the activities are even highly intensive from others in terms
of speed and muscle strength required to execute. Some of the body movement are
unexpected and also very sudden which require intensive tendon tension and agile
momentum. According to Read et al. (2016), because of the intensive movement the risk of
injury (considering both long term and short term) is very high in football compared to other
sports. This study also suggests that the demographical background, more specifically the age
difference can also cause different results. Clinical practitioners using joint position sense or
threshold to detect passive motion techniques need to consider the reliability and validity of
data provided. Since this study is based on the comparison between the injured and the non
injured player, the different age measures has not been considered and could not be compared

2SPORTS SCIENCE
with the result of this study. According to Read et al. (2019), major injuries that can cause the
difference in knee proprioception is the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) rupture. In has
been found that almost 73% cases of poor knee proprioception is the Anterior Cruciate
Ligament (ACL) rupture.
The proprioception deflects predicted knee proprioception is the Anterior Cruciate
Ligament (ACL) rupture. This situation is more familiar for female players than male players.
According to Paul and Nagarajan (2015), potential relationship of proprioception is with knee
injury, laxity, activity level, subjective function and age of an individual. According to t test
study conducted by Read et al. (2019), the difference in knee proprioception is significant in
injured footballers than the uninjured footballer. The study also shows that the degree of
angular movement ability in knee also varies depending on the angle of the final stage. In
other words, this study argued that difference of knee proprioception is more significant in
higher degree compared to lower degree. As opined by Waldén et al. (2015), the repeated
longitudinal movement of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament can weaken the connection
between the femur and tibia even further, which causes more consequent stress in resistive
ligaments as well as other ligaments such as Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL), Medial
Collateral Ligament (MCL). As showed by Hägglund et al., (2018), the angular differences
between various knee positions regulate the applied stress on the connected ligaments and
muscular tissues. The study also suggests that the injured patients had poorer proprioception
in the injured than uninjured leg. However, the absence of sufficient psychometric data for
the measurement techniques of knee proprioception is a major limitation that must be
considered by clinicians or researches when using knee JPS or TTDPM data during
rehabilitation assessment.

3SPORTS SCIENCE
Hypothesis Testing
According to the knee proprioception test by Biodex dynamometer between injured
players as well as uninjured players considering their both legs, there was a non-significant
difference in 15° angle between injured and non-injured football players. Considering this
insignificant differences it has been found that a significant difference was present in 30°
angle between injured and non-injured football players when it comes to comparing the
overall knee proprioception of both legs. At the same time, the overall knee proprioception of
both legs shows that there was a significant difference in 45° angle between injured and non-
injured football players.
From the comparison between the injured leg and non-injured leg of the injured
practitioner slightly different results were found. There was a significant difference in 15°
angle between injured leg and non-injured leg in the injured participants. When the angle
rises or the position of the lower limb against the gravitational pull decreases, there was a
significant difference in 30° angle between injured leg and non-injured leg in the injured
participants. The highest knee angle showed that there was a significant difference in 45°
angle between injured leg and non-injured leg in the injured participants.
From the comparison between knee proprioception of dominant leg and knee
proprioception of non-dominant leg among the non-injured football players, it has been found
that there was a non-significant difference in 15° angle between dominant and non-dominant
leg in non-injured football players. When the angle rises or the position of the lower limb
against the gravitational pulls decreased, there was a significant difference in 30° angle
between dominant and non-dominant leg in non-injured football players. In case of non-
injured footballer the highest knee angle showed that there was a significant difference in 45°
angle between dominant and non-dominant leg in non-injured football players.