SPSS Analysis Project – Part 3

This document is about correlation and regression analysis for SPSS Analysis Project – Part 3. It includes tasks such as thinking about the research question, visualizing the data, bivariate correlation, assumption testing, hypothesis testing, and chi-square/OR analysis.

SPSS Analysis Project – Part 3
Correlation/Regression Analysis
Task 1 – Correlation/Regression (Thinking About the Research Question)
1. Independent variable: GDP per capita in 1977 or log of country’s GDP
2. Dependent variable: Life expectancy
3. Correlation
Null hypothesis (H0): There is no significant correlation between life expectancy and GDP per capita.
Alternative hypothesis (H1): There is a significant correlation between life expectancy and GDP per capita.
4. Regression
Null hypothesis (H0): There is no statistical significant difference in the mean value of life expectancy and
GDP per capita.
Alternative hypothesis (H1): There is a statistical significant difference in the mean value of life expectancy
and GDP per capita.
Overall Null hypothesis for the research question is enumerated below:
There is no significant difference in the average value of life expectancy and GDP per capita.
Task 2 – Correlation/Regression (Visualising the Data)
Scatter graph
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The above depicted scatter graph shows that significant statiscal n s
Task 3 – Correlation/Regression (Bivariate Correlation)
Regression
Descriptive Statistics
Mean Std. Deviation N
Log of GDP per Cap in 1977 3.5848 .52733 141
Life Expectancy Categories 1.2624 .44151 141
Correlations
Log of GDP per
Cap in 1977
Life Expectancy
Categories
Pearson Correlation Log of GDP per Cap in 1977 1.000 .636
Life Expectancy Categories .636 1.000
Sig. (1-tailed) Log of GDP per Cap in 1977 . .000
Life Expectancy Categories .000 .
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N Log of GDP per Cap in 1977 141 141
Life Expectancy Categories 141 141
Variables Entered/Removeda
Model Variables Entered Variables
Removed
Method
1 Life Expectancy
Categoriesb . Enter
a. Dependent Variable: Log of GDP per Cap in 1977
b. All requested variables entered.
Model Summaryb
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate
Change Statistics
R Square
Change
F Change df1 df2 Sig. F Change
1 .636a .405 .400 .40831 .405 94.512 1 139 .000
a. Predictors: (Constant), Life Expectancy Categories
b. Dependent Variable: Log of GDP per Cap in 1977
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 15.757 1 15.757 94.512 .000b
Residual 23.174 139 .167
Total 38.930 140
a. Dependent Variable: Log of GDP per Cap in 1977
b. Predictors: (Constant), Life Expectancy Categories
Task 4 – Correlation/Regression (Assumption Testing)
Charts
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Task 5 – Correlation/Regression (Hypothesis Test)
Descriptive Statistics
Mean Std. Deviation N
Log of GDP per Cap in 1977 3.5848 .52733 141
Life Expectancy Categories 1.2624 .44151 141
Model Summaryb
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate
Change Statistics
R Square
Change
F Change df1 df2 Sig. F Change
1 .636a .405 .400 .40831 .405 94.512 1 139 .000
a. Predictors: (Constant), Life Expectancy Categories
b. Dependent Variable: Log of GDP per Cap in 1977
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Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig. 95.0% Confidence Interval
for B
B Std. Error Beta Lower Bound Upper Bound
1
(Constant) 2.626 .104 25.127 .000 2.419 2.832
Life Expectancy
Categories .760 .078 .636 9.722 .000 .605 .914
a. Dependent Variable: Log of GDP per Cap in 1977
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Chi-Square Contingency Analysis
Task 6 – Chi-Square/OR Analysis (Thinking About the Research Question)
1.
Independent variable: hemisphere
Dependent variable: Life expectancy
2.
3.
Null hypothesis: There is no statistical significant association between hemisphere and life expectancy.
Task 7 – Chi-Square/OR Analysis (Visualising the Data)
Life Expectancy in 1977 * Hemisphere Crosstabulation
Hemisphere Total
North South
Life Expectancy in 1977
20.00
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
31.22
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
36.79
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
37.47 Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
7 | P a g e

% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
38.44
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
39.48
Count 0 1 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 0.0% 3.2% 0.7%
% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.7%
40.76
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
41.29
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
41.71
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
41.84
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
42.50
Count 0 1 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 0.0% 3.2% 0.7%
% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.7%
43.76
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
43.77 Count 0 1 1
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% within Life Expectancy in
1977 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 0.0% 3.2% 0.7%
% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.7%
44.18
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
44.51
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
44.51
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
44.54
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
45.00
Count 0 1 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 0.0% 3.2% 0.7%
% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.7%
45.91
Count 0 1 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 0.0% 3.2% 0.7%
% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.7%
46.14
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
46.52 Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
9 | P a g e

% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
46.75
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
46.78
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
46.88
Count 0 1 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 0.0% 3.2% 0.7%
% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.7%
46.92
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
47.38
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
47.80
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
47.80
Count 0 1 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 0.0% 3.2% 0.7%
% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.7%
48.88
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
49.19 Count 1 0 1
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% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
49.36
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
49.92
Count 0 1 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 0.0% 3.2% 0.7%
% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.7%
49.92
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
50.02
Count 0 1 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 0.0% 3.2% 0.7%
% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.7%
50.85
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
50.94
Count 0 1 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 0.0% 3.2% 0.7%
% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.7%
51.39
Count 0 1 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 0.0% 3.2% 0.7%
% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.7%
51.76 Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
11 | P a g e

% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
52.21
Count 0 1 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 0.0% 3.2% 0.7%
% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.7%
52.37
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
52.54
Count 0 1 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 0.0% 3.2% 0.7%
% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.7%
52.70
Count 0 1 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 0.0% 3.2% 0.7%
% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.7%
52.79
Count 0 1 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 0.0% 3.2% 0.7%
% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.7%
52.89
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
53.32
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
54.04
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
54.21 Count 1 0 1
12 | P a g e

% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
55.49
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
55.53
Count 0 1 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 0.0% 3.2% 0.7%
% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.7%
55.63
Count 0 1 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 0.0% 3.2% 0.7%
% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.7%
55.73
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
55.76
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
56.03
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
56.06
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
56.44 Count 0 1 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 0.0% 3.2% 0.7%
13 | P a g e

% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.7%
56.70
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
57.37
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
57.40
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
57.44
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
57.47
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
57.67
Count 0 1 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 0.0% 3.2% 0.7%
% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.7%
57.70
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
58.01
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
58.45 Count 0 1 1
14 | P a g e

% within Life Expectancy in
1977 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 0.0% 3.2% 0.7%
% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.7%
58.69
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
59.32
Count 0 1 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 0.0% 3.2% 0.7%
% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.7%
59.51
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
59.84
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
60.06
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
60.41
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
61.13
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
61.20 Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
15 | P a g e

% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
61.31
Count 0 1 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 0.0% 3.2% 0.7%
% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.7%
61.49
Count 0 1 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 0.0% 3.2% 0.7%
% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.7%
61.79
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
62.49
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
63.97
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
64.77
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
64.93
Count 0 1 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 0.0% 3.2% 0.7%
% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.7%
65.03
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
65.26 Count 1 0 1
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% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
65.59
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
65.95
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
66.10
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
66.35
Count 0 1 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 0.0% 3.2% 0.7%
% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.7%
67.05
Count 0 1 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 0.0% 3.2% 0.7%
% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.7%
67.06
Count 0 1 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 0.0% 3.2% 0.7%
% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.7%
67.16
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
67.46 Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
17 | P a g e

% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
68.30
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
68.48
Count 0 1 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 0.0% 3.2% 0.7%
% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.7%
68.68
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
68.93
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
69.34
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
69.46
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
69.48
Count 0 1 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 0.0% 3.2% 0.7%
% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.7%
69.86
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
69.95 Count 1 0 1
18 | P a g e

% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
70.11
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
70.30
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
70.41
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
70.45
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
70.59
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
70.64
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
70.67
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
70.71 Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
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% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
70.75
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
70.80
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
70.97
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
72.03
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
72.17
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
72.22
Count 0 1 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 0.0% 3.2% 0.7%
% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.7%
72.50
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
72.52
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
72.65 Count 1 0 1
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% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
72.76
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
72.80
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
73.06
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
73.07
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
73.38
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
73.44
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
73.48
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
73.49 Count 0 1 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 0.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 0.0% 3.2% 0.7%
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% of Total 0.0% 0.7% 0.7%
73.60
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
73.68
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
73.83
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
74.21
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
74.39
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
74.69
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
75.24
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
75.37
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
75.38 Count 1 0 1
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% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
75.39
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
75.44
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
76.11
Count 1 0 1
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 100.0% 0.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 1.0% 0.0% 0.7%
% of Total 0.7% 0.0% 0.7%
Total
Count 104 31 135
% within Life Expectancy in
1977 77.0% 23.0% 100.0%
% within Hemisphere 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% of Total 77.0% 23.0% 100.0%
Task 8 – Chi-Square/OR Analysis (Hypothesis Test)
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
Hemisphere * Life
Expectancy in 1977 135 95.7% 6 4.3% 141 100.0%
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 135.000a 134 .460
Likelihood Ratio 145.484 134 .235
Linear-by-Linear Association 3.426 1 .064
N of Valid Cases 135
a. 270 cells (100.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .23.
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Symmetric Measures
Value Asymp. Std.
Errora
Approx. Tb Approx. Sig.
Nominal by Nominal Phi 1.000 .460
Cramer's V 1.000 .460
Interval by Interval Pearson's R -.160 .075 -1.868 .064c
Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation -.196 .073 -2.307 .023c
N of Valid Cases 135
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.
c. Based on normal approximation.
1.
2.
3.
The odds ratio for these data is ___________________[write this to 3 decimal places].
This odds ratio is/is not [choose one] significant because __________________________[give your
reasoning].
Hence, the odds of having a life expectancy of over 70 years are approximately _______________ [this
number should be greater than or equal to 1] times greater in the ____________________ hemisphere
compared to the __________________ hemisphere. This indicates that
______________________________________.
DELETE THE ITALICISED TEXT IN BRACKETS ABOVE (AND THIS TEXT IN RED)
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