Schema Theory and Memory Recall

This SPSS lab report examines the influence of schema theory on memory recall. An experiment with 111 participants investigated three conditions: surprised memory (unexpected image drawing), forewarned memory (prior warning about the task), and copy (direct replication of an image). Results demonstrate a significant association between these conditions, highlighting that prior knowledge and warnings enhance memory accuracy compared to unexpected tasks. The report analyzes data using a Chi-Square test and discusses implications for schema theory and its applications in fields like advertising.

SPSS LAB REPORT

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Methods...........................................................................................................................................1
Results..............................................................................................................................................1
Discussion........................................................................................................................................2
REFERENCE..................................................................................................................................4

INTRODUCTION
In today time period most of people are facing problem in retaining things in their mind.
There are number of reasons behind memory dysfunction. It can be observed that there is
common phenomena under which it is believed that in day to day life we performed lots of
things but we foreget some of things that we perform or listen (Valliere, 2013). Individuals retain
those things in their brain which are related to or are in their prior knowledge or anything is
experience in respect to same in past. Under this phenomena it is assyemd that what we will
remember is dependent on what already we know. In the current report in respect to phenomena
or schema theory analysis of data is done that is related to experiement that was conducted in lab.
Under this sample of 111 respondents was taken. After viewing clock they were instructed to
draw pictures. By doing so data is gathered and same is analyzed. At end of the report discussion
section is prepared.
Methods
In the present research study experiement was conducted and under this respondents that
were 111 were classified in to three categories namely surprised memory, forwarned memory
and copy. These were three different phases in which research was conducted. In case of
surprised memory respomdents were asked to view clock and then they were instructed to draw
same. On other hand, in case of forwarned memory again viewers are asked to view watch image
that is diplayed. This time in advance before experiment respondents are warned about thing that
they need to do. Aftter image disappear respondents start drawing image and then they are asked
to match drawing with image displayed on screen. By doing so it is identified whether answer is
accurate. On other hannd, in third experiemcnent again respondents are instructed to view iamge
and draw it at same time. By performing these steps entire experiment was done.
Results
H0: There is no significent association between results obtained in surprised memory, forwarned
memory and copy.
H1: H0: There is no significent association between results obtained in surprised memory,
forwarned memory and copy.
Crosstab
Count
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Condition Total
"Surprise
Memory"
"Forewarned
memory"
"Copy"
Figure_draw
n
IIII 5 11 29 45
IV 32 26 8 66
Total 37 37 37 111
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Pearson Chi-
Square 34.982a 2 .000
Likelihood Ratio 36.908 2 .000
N of Valid Cases 111
a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The
minimum expected count is 15.00.
Interpretation
From table it can be seen that in category of copy 29 respondents drawn accurately and 8
drawn wrongly. In case of forewarned memory 11 respondnets communicate accurate response
and 26 give wrong response to same question. This number of further decline in case of surprise
memory where 5 out of 37 give correct answer and 32 give wrong answer. All these facts reflect
one thing that in case of copy accurate results are obtained. When warning was already given
about question that will be asked from respondents result decline moderately and poor number
were obtained specially when after image dissapearence task communicated to respondents. This
reflect that individuals always does not remain alert and even they have past experience there are
chances that they forget things. Value of level of significence is 0.00<0.05 and this means that
there is association between results obtained between surpise memory, forwarned memory and
copy. Hence, alternative hypothesis is accepted.
Discussion
Results support hypothesis as value of level of significence is 0.00<0.05. Apart from
explaination given above no other explanation can be given in resport. Schema theory can be
implemented in other ways under which respondents can be asked to assume green colour as
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white and black as red etc. In first experiement rule can be mentioned on screen and respondents
can be asked to give response. Whereas, in second experiement response rule can be displayed
first and after 5 minutes test can be conducted. In this way research can be carried out. Schema
theory can be applied in advertisment because if advertisments are presented on TV in specific
sequence like done by Vodafone memory retention happened because information is stored in
human brain in structured manner. After research conducted by Rechards some of experiements
are also conducted on schematic theory or phenomena (Rubin, D.C. and Umanath, S., 2015) and
they also obtained similar results in their research .
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REFERENCE
Books and Journals
Rubin, D.C. and Umanath, S., 2015. Event memory: A theory of memory for laboratory,
autobiographical, and fictional events. Psychological Review. 122(1). p.1.
Valliere, D., 2013. Towards a schematic theory of entrepreneurial alertness. Journal of Business
Venturing. 28(3). pp.430-442.
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