SPSS: Four Levels of Measurement, Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion, Descriptive vs Inferential Statistics

SPSS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Four level of measurement......................................................................................................2
2. Measures of central tendency and Dispersion.........................................................................2
3. Difference between descriptive Statistic and Inferential statistics..........................................3
4. Definitions...............................................................................................................................3
5. Interpretation of results............................................................................................................4

1. Four level of measurement
Nominal: It is a measurement scale in which number define as labels in order to classify
the object. It is deal within nonnumeric variables (Level of Measurement, 2021). For example, in
survey, under demographic information, it is mentioned about gender in which two options are
available i.e. male, female.
Ordinal: In this, attributes are ranked within order, and actually used in market research
to gather feedback regarding product satisfaction or changing perception etc. For example, how
satisfied are you with our product along with five variables which includes very unsatisfied as
terms 1, unsatisfied as 2, Neutral as 3, satisfied as 4 and very satisfied as 5.
Interval: Third measurement in which order of a variable is known and each variable is
classified using a particular interval scale. Therefore, interval indicates the distance between two
entities which can be attaining through interval scale. For example, pH, SAT score (200 to 800),
credit score (300 to 850).
Ratio: In this a ratio scale is used which is quantitative in nature and start from zero as a
point of origin. With this scholar can construct a meaningful fraction within ratio (Stockemer,
Stockemer and Glaeser, 2019). For example, weight in Kg with four options i.e. less than 50 kg,
51 to 70 kg, 7 to 90 kg.
2. Measures of central tendency and Dispersion
Measures of central tendency: It is defined as a set of information through which central
position can be identified, that is why, it is recognized as a summary of statistics in which mean,
mode, median are considered (Ong and Puteh, 2017). With the help of such data, research
determines the typical numerical point of information where the center value actually lies within
a distribution of data.
Measures of Dispersion: It is refers to the spread of data within a central value which
includes mean, mode, and median. This is represented by range, standard deviation, variance,
deviation and standard error. Thus, it helps to summarize a bunch of numbers within a limited
time and identify the variation performed within a data.