Review based Projects

This document discusses the background, aim, methodology, results, and conclusion of review based projects. It focuses on the use of wireless sensor networks in agriculture and the components of data, monitoring, and display information. The paper also compares the proposed system with state-of-the-art results and highlights the advantages of using wireless sensor networks in agriculture.

Stage 3 Template Sample – Review based Projects
Abstract
Background and Aim:
You need to write the background related to the specific problem you are
working on it in your project. You also need to write your project aim that
need to be linked with the specific problem you set.
(PS: Use red color to address the underlined and bold requirements in this
guidelines)
Regarding the augmentation of technological levels and size reduction, sensors have evolved
in every aspect of life. Most importantly, agriculture being the prioritized domain where the
use of the sensor is applied extensively as is comprises of huge profits. Therefore the main
objective of this study of investigating how the WSN processes may influence energy
effectiveness when they are launched. Additionally, how computational analysis can be done
on the WSN components based on their functionality and physicality. Most importantly, there
will be an investigation of the WSN operation simulation frameworks which is employed in
smart agriculture. These objectives aid in acquiring a comparable analysis of the
implemented techniques and methods of linking the data within the systems and its layers.
Additionally, various models will be employed in the majority of the WSN energy saving
systems. Moreover, the selection of sensors and their efficient use in handling agricultural
domain challenges has always been a difficult activity basically involving beginners. This is
as a result of the absence of conglomerated data within the literature. Moreover, the paper
will dig deep into the use of WSN technological applications in dissimilar aspects of
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agriculture and thus portray current systems within the agricultural sphere.
Methodology:
Write about the components of your proposed system, why do you need
these components in your proposed system, name your proposed system,
and mention what does your proposed system do and how.
Based on our topic, the main components of our proposed system will be categorized into
three different phases, they include; Data, monitoring and Display information. These
components are very useful in monitoring agriculture that is based on the network of wireless
sensors. The main reason why the systems are essentials is that it enables computation of the
WSN components. In this paper the use of sensors and their networking systems aid in
agricultural practices in a positive direction. Therefore, being sensor based agriculture,
different terms in the field are currently being utilized for example Precision Agriculture PA,
Variable rate Technology VRT, Smart agriculture, Precision farming, Farming by Inch,
Global Positioning systems GPS Agriculture, Site-specific crop administration, Data-
intensive agriculture, and so on. Although the main underlying issue in general. Thus
improvements in tech have minimized the rate of sensors greatly which has enhanced them to
be used in vast agricultural domains in human living. Therefore, as a result of increased use
of sensor technology, numerous ideas linked to sensors and their accompanying sensors and
networks have initiated great involvement.
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Results:
Compare the results of your proposed system with the state of art results
(first current best).
The existing journal papers are reviewed and the proposed DMD taxonomy is evaluated,
validated and verified based on system comparison, completeness and acceptance criteria. 25
state-of-the-art solution is chosen related to remote monitoring agriculture based on wireless
sensor network which is then used to demonstrate and validate the DMD taxonomy.
Conclusion:
You need to write about your contribution.
Through this paper, the reader will understand the advantages of using wireless sensor
network in Agriculture. Also, the reader will understand the classification groups, validation
criteria, future gaps of the 25 literature reviews about the entire delivery system for the best
outcomes which could be used in agricultural data remote assessment. Hence this highly
exhibits quality use of the internet in agricultural activities.
Keywords:
You need to write keywords related to your project.
Wireless sensor network, Agricultural information monitoring, sensors, Precision
farming
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Introduction
1. Describe the uses of the technology (e.g. Mixed Reality), with the
techniques (e.g. visualisation), in your project domain (e.g. Medical
domain). What is their purpose in that system (e.g. Image Guided
Surgery). How they achieved their purpose (Describe the generic
process steps of the system that uses this technology, linking with the
components of your system, to show the importance of these
components in your project). What are the important of these
components into that technology.
Please notice that you need to add the reference for anything
you write. (PS: Use red color to address the underlined and bold
requirements in this guidelines)
The use of wireless sensors has become trending in every sector of life as a result of the
augmentation of technology and size reduction. Actually is a gadget that has the potential of
evaluating the physical characteristics and turn them into signals that are traceable to the
client. Also, sensor are part of nature and vast capacities of detection are easily seen in
organism inform of bio-sensors. There is the provision of an effective source using the
wireless sensor networks (WSN) which is used in the agricultural acquisition of data as they
easily provide reduced, normal deployment, and no field preservation (Robert, Curry, &
Cole, 2016). Environmental monitoring has evolved from off-line sensors to real-time,
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operational sensor networks and open sensor webs over the past decade. Networks of sensors
are used to collect, store and share the sensed data. Therefore, sensors have acquired data that
takes into account the normal environment and the object itself since they are used in
identifying individuals, their geographical locations, objects, and the condition is identified as
context.
2. What is the technology that you are using in your project. How this
technology has used in your generic domain, and then how has used in
your sub-domain. What are the limitations of this latest technology in
your sub-domain, and link the limitation with your goal and the
improvement you do.
Provide an introductory of the technology and the techniques that are
used in your project, and what are the different domains they used,
and also what are their use related to your specific domain.
Give the reasons that make these type of systems (The systems that
include these technology with the techniques) related to your projects
haven't widely used. In this case, you are going to show the
motivation of working you on the components of your system
(JUSTIFICATION).
Please notice that you need to add the reference for anything
you write. (PS: Use red color to address the underlined and bold
requirements in this guidelines)
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Smart agriculture can be defined as the art and science of enhancing agricultural production
using advanced technology. Wireless sensor network could be a major innovation that drives
the advancement of agriculture. WSNs give conceivable results to sense and accumulate data
of several environmental and crops conditions. However, it may be a challenge for a farmer
to know real-time information of a cultivate field and consolidate personalized climate data at
the same time. Agriculture monitoring is a critical technique in agriculture to decrease
resource waste and increase yields in practices such as irrigation and fertilization, as it
enables farmers to access and make decisions from solid information on environmental, soil
and plant conditions and crop variations. Although crop field monitoring has traditionally
been done with human resources, single-point agrometeorological stations, and sensor wired
networks, this topic plunges into precision farming requires high density and flexible
deployment of tools to collect information in real time (Basagni, Petrioli, Petroccia, &
Spaccini, 2015). WSNs have emerged to provide minimal-cost, efficient, easy-to-use and
high-precision benefits for real-time crop monitoring. In addition, WSNs can cover the field
densely, do not require an earlier telecommunications facility, have reliable signal
transmission, are simple to relocate, are non-intrusive and provide dynamic and mobile
monitoring
3. What is the objective of your project, what are the important of
classifying you the components in your project, what is the gap that
you found in other previous solution and you are going to solve, and
the important of your system output in your domain that you set.
What is the Objective/Goal of your work compared with current studies.
Show the use of the technology with Techniques in your specific
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domain. You need to show the link of this objective with your system
components (what do you propose, How your proposed system is
going to solve them). What is the purpose of this goal (The purpose of
your system components).
(PS: Use red color to address the underlined and bold requirements in
this guidelines)
The main objective of this paper is analyzing the significance of wireless sensor of dissimilar
view of agricultural activities. Thus the structure of the paper is arranged following different
stages they include: first sensors in agriculture are analyzed, and its importance is critically
evaluated. The central idea behind suggesting the grouping is portraying the basis so that
wireless sensing network can be analyzed, assessed and evaluated. Moreover, We purpose to
discuss the components of data, monitoring and display information and how these
components are useful in monitoring the agriculture.
In developing a generic approach to monitoring the agriculture based on wireless sensor
network, we emphasize on the outlined Data, Monitoring and Display components. Here, we
clearly define and enlighten each component that is taking the main role in monitoring the
agriculture parameter and how validation of the process is carried out. We compare the work
with the previous journal paper and for the future, we need to figure out the development in
smart agriculture.
4. How you have chosen your previous solutions to work on them. JUSTIFY
why you chosen some papers out of all your collections to classify.
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What are the criteria that you used to verify your system components
(The criteria you used in your comparision).
(PS: Use red color to address the underlined and bold requirements in
this guidelines)
In this paper, the initial 25 states of art solution are selected in order to categorize and
evaluate the influence of WSN in the agricultural sector. Therefore, initial searches gained
about 367 search outputs, in which about 51 were compatible with the included methods.
Moreover, the inclusion critics which were prioritized included journals which explain more
about the use of remote sensing in agriculture, the system designs involved with the WSN
and the types of sensor nodes of different gadgets. Also, the use of wireless sensing nodes
classification is thus assured centered on system approval, system extensiveness, and system
rationale.
5. What are the steps that you are going to consider in organising your
paper?
Thus a residue of this paper is thus arranged in this format as follows: the significance of
wireless sensor network in agriculture. This is pursued by a discussion in section 2 of the
Literature Review of the previous work. We classify the main components of the approach in
section 3 and then categorize them with the 25 journals in section 4. In section 5, we begin a
system verification. In section 6, we explore the various components that we have not
described well in the previous section and make an effort to point out future work.
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Conclusions are presented in section 7.
6. Give a definition to the technology that you are use in your specific
domain, and show how the technique is work with it.
A WSNs is a huge collection of devices deployed spatially in a network that is connected
wirelessly and automatically transmit data as autonomous elements through multi-hop
connectivity that senses and processes data from a particular phenomenon. The network's
main devices are the sensor nodes as individual embedded systems, each minimally equipped
with a sensor or a set of sensors, a radio frequency transceiver, a microcontroller, a memory,
and a battery or embedded energy harvesting form. These components are capable of sensing,
measuring, processing, and communicating data to nodes. The partially and locally processed
data from the sensor nodes are obtained in sink nodes with higher computational and memory
capabilities to transmit the information to a base station.
Wireless sensor network in agriculture is to collect environmental parameter data (pressure,
air temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, radiation, etc.), water parameter (water
electrical conductivity, water salinity, etc.), soil parameters (soil moisture, soil pH, soil
temperature, soil electrical conductivity, etc.) and plant parameters (leaf wetness, leaf
temperature, leaf area index, etc.). Also, WSN can receive data for identification of pests and
diseases, fire detection, pollution detection, detection of nutrients and detection of intruders at
groundwater, soil, plants, and farms. Once the raw data is centralized, it is processed and
analyzed to support decision-making processes and also to create early warnings and provide
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knowledge. Thus, WSNs can affect agriculture if they are accompanied by information
validation, processing, and display platforms and software.
Literature Review
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1. Give an introductory about the GAP in previous studies to show the
difference between your work and other state of art solutions.
The literature review is fundamental in order to have a thorough understanding of one's
supposed location of lookup and to research greater about topics. Andrewartha et al
(2017), describes the significance of conducting a literary review to pick out the location
of research, assessment state-of-the-art, and research the area that desires further research
or contribution. Therefore, the reason of this literature review is to study more about the
area of the subject we will be investigating and to learn from previous work achieved
through different researchers in the field of monitoring agriculture based on wireless
sensor network.
2. Show how the state of art solutions classified their work?. List all your
collections of your journal papers you analysed in organised way.
Provide the details of each including input, output, components,
technique process step of each system. Please be aware, that you
need to consider the components (factors /classes) you identified in
the beginning in your project.
2.1 Data
Indeed, WSN applications are useful in agricultural protection as mentioned by (Bapat,
Kale, Shinde, & Deshpande, 2017) and (Abbasi, Islam, & Shaikh, 2016). The WSN
technology is useful in agricultural monitoring as proved by (Rodriguez, Gualotuna, &
Grilo, 2017) and fester, (Rault, Bouabdallah, & Challal, 2015). (Kyllmar, Forsberg,
Andersson, & Martensson, 2015) and (Robert, Curry, & Cole, 2016) argues about the
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necessity if wireless sensors network application critical for monitoring. (Lin, Miao,
Zhou, & Gu, 2016), agrees that energy efficient authentication is fundamental in
agriculture whereby (Bapat, Kale, Shinde, & Deshpande, 2017) conform to the logical of
efficient authentication useful in planning wireless sensors network coverage as
mentioned by (Ndzi, Harun, Ramli, & Kamarudin, 2015). This research is supported by
(Shi, Sreeram, Zhao, Duan, & Jiang, 2018) and (Cario, Casavola, Lupia, Petrioli, &
Spaccini, 2017), in analyzing long-term wireless sensors network in agricultural
monitoring. (Andrewartha, Elliott, McCulloch, & Frappell, 2016), supports the initiative
of smart agriculture as proved earlier by (Basagni, Petrioli, Petroccia, & Spaccini, 2015)
considering the direction of IoT (Srbinovska, Gavrovski, Dimcev, & Krkoleva, 2015)
mentions the need for smart farming. (Ojha, Misra, & Raghuwanshi, 2015), and can get
all., 2015 argues that wireless sensors are fundamental in agriculture development the
ideology is supported by (Tripathy, Adinarayana, Vijayalakshmi, & Merchant, 2015). On
the other hand, (Zhang, Ren, Sun, & Tang, 2017) and (Pandithurai, Aishwarya, Aparna,
& Kavitha, 2017), recommends the architecture of internet of things(IoT) critical in
agricultural design. This is supported by (Muangprathub, Boonnam, Kajornkasirat, &
Lekbangpong, 2019) and (Dan, Laura, & Nicolae, 2015); (Al-Karaki & Kamal, 2014),
mention a secure and critical scheme necessary for agricultural development.
Thus in order to curb the challenges linked to agricultural data accumulation, it is
recommended that there should be advocating of use of the wireless networking systems.
Consequently, the base station framework often comprises of rigid embedded systems
that acquires, pre-treats, sends and harbour information. Hence, agricultural data remote
sensing results are structured focusing on the WSN and the base station of the research
paper.
2.2 Monitoring
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(Cario, Casavola, Lupia, Petrioli, & Spaccini, 2017); (Andrewartha, Elliott, McCulloch,
& Frappell, 2016); (Basagni, Petrioli, Petroccia, & Spaccini, 2015), created the WSN
focusing on the ZigBee technology which is used in betting accurate agriculture, and
evaluated, precisely, and arrangement of wireless sensor nodes within the soil and water
and the structuring of the node gateways and the base station nodes. Raul Morais
organized a farmland information acquisition site used for getting both wind, solar, and
water data through the use of the ZigBee networking system. The realization of the
greenhouse monitoring framework using the WSN centered on the ZigBee system was
established by (Khanna & Kaur, 2019). There was the creation of a wireless network
frame using the mobile sink node and the primary node coordinating system. Focusing on
the reduced costs and low power consumption rates, mobile sink nodes designed a subnet
using the primary node with the use of the technique of timing frequencies hops, therefore
minimizing peer communication transfer distance. Additionally, a WSN is applicable in
assessing of a greenhouse environment.
2.3 Display information
According to (Bandur, Jaksic, Bandur, & Jovic, 2019), the use of WSN have been
extensively been applied in agriculture over the years, additionally is utilized specifically
during making wise decisions relating to storage of agricultural products, irrigation
methods, crop harvest time evaluation, features of crop growth, and foreseeing of the
supply of fertilizer and its demands. The utilization of the MAC protocol is proficiently
executed addresses remedial throughput, delay (optimized) and energy saving solutions.
Contiki’s simulator has displayed coloring signs (green-yellow codes). Additionally, the
goals of the paper are met (Kyllmar, Forsberg, Andersson, & Martensson, 2015).
According to (Ezhilazhahi & Bhuvaneswari, 2017); (Yu, Estrin, & Govindan, 2014), the
design of the greenhouse monitoring frameworks is realized in handling issues of
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permanent topology and node scaling. Additionally, a microcontroller is employed within
the CC2420 radio receiver and gathering the temperature and the humid detectors via the
I2C bus. Farmland data gathering node frameworks centered on the WSN has been
designed, (Shi, Sreeram, Zhao, Duan, & Jiang, 2018), taking into account combining
processors that will improve the WSN nodes and reduce them again. Network nodes
aligned often in a regulated region are thus accountable for gathering the composition of
soil moisture data. Thus the structured network using their received and sent data is used
in sinking the nodes thus providing dynamic display and storing relevant data. Thus
practical outcome exhibits efficient transfer of radio signals based on dissimilar growth
stages of wheat and an effective antenna level is used for the provision of technical aid
which is used for deploying the WSN nodes.
3. After presenting all your collections of journal papers you analysed,
Then chose the first best solution, and explain it in details. The best
solution should be selected based on your project objective and your
proposed components.
Simulate the selected solution as a diagram and refer to it in your
content. Describe this model as a text as well. Consider in your
presentation the components of it, and also show the example of each
component, and also explain it.
Add caption for each figure under figure title to describe the
figure.
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Figure 1: Wireless sensor network system design
Actually, the crucial part of perceiving the entire system is the sensor nodes. This is
required for agricultural environment data assessment. Additionally, sensor nodes utilize
compatible frequencies of 2.4 GHz contract wireless transceiver chips that are generated
by the Chipcon manufacturing firm. Thus the chip has a steady result intensity, which is
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set in sending and acquiring stable frequencies characterized by the incorporation of less
power supply, low energy usage, and a small volume.
4. What the previous state of art publications done, and what are their
limitations (GAP), and what you will do in your work, and why you
design it in this way (JUSTIFY). (Show the differences between the
previous state of art publications and your proposed solution to show
the motivation of working you in these New components)
Initial state of art solutions of this paper has a lead vast number of wireless sensor
networks methods in general. However, the greatest percentage of the paper is aimed at
aspects like sensor design and how they are applied in agriculture. Although, some of the
journals are outdated to be included in the research paper as currently, people are devising
new inventions. Moreover, the majority of the papers used have proposed the system
although have not yet been assessed and determined. Thus the WSN taxonomy basically
relied on the Data, Monitoring and Display process. Therefore, in the next segment, the
outlined factors are critically explained. The major limitation the state of art publications
is that the bandwidth cannot be effectively be relied on, the QoS is ineffective and the
cross layer designs are compromised. Therefore, this makes it difficult for enactment of
the WSN systems in different places. Moreover, the suggested solutions exhibited show
that its greatly aimed at modifying the state routing protocol in a way that the modified
systems can reduce much energy within the entire network. Thus with the improved
system it creates more motivation is using the technology in agriculture. Moreover, the
solution stated in this research is useful as it enables saving of energy in the agricultural
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sector making it easy in cost reduction.
Discussion
1. Give an introductory on what you are going to do in Discussion
section.
In this section, we will be evaluating the system components in the
publications that we reviewed. We will be reviewing the presence and
absence of these components. Altogether, we went through 25 publications
for the components for the agriculture monitoring based on wireless sensor
network. The main ideas that will be highlighted in this section are the description of sensing
nodes aside with its execution process. All this will be assessed focusing the common products
available using the wirelesses networking systems. Vital sections of the wireless network are
shown and aligned aside data collection techniques and techniques explained. Moreover, there is
highlighting basic sectors based on the solutions of the components.
2. You are going to create subsections for each component in your
proposed system. In each subsection, and based on your two
classification and validation tables, you are going to discuss sub-
factors that only considered by few the state of art
publications and weren't clearly described.
Why do you think this sub-factor hasn't clearly identified. How they
described. How should be described, and JUSTIFY based on basic and
theory, why do you think should be described in different way.
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Data
In this section, we will explore most of the articles that took the data into
consideration and how they classified it. In our review of publications, we can
see that video data, playback request, present roles, and asset list are
categorized as raw data. We can see half of the paper used real-time and half used offline
or virtual data through simulation. Many publications practical data imply assessment and
evaluation (Duy et al, 2017, Anisi et al. 2015, Rodriguez et al, 2017). On the other hand, it was
realized that virtual practical’s using simulations were used (Shi et al., 2018, Khanna & Kaur,
2019, Cario et al., 2018, Bapat et al., 2017). Before being familiar with the data in context few
publications were assessed.
Monitoring
All of the chosen journal papers described and mentioned similar ways of
monitoring techniques. They used temperature, light intensity, pH, and EC monitoring
sensors(Deng et al, 2016, Srbinovska et al, 2015, Diaz et al, 2015). Moreover, the
study reported that the wireless sensor network offers a wide range of information which could be
gathered from agriculture field. The real-time information obtained from sensor nodes can be
utilized to optimize strategies to control the temperatures and the other properties needed for the
crops (wei et al, 2016).
Display
Most of the paper used to monitor or iPad or any kind of screens to show the
generated data to the end users(Duy et al, 2017, Zhou et al, 2016, Zhang et al,
2017). The sensor data uploaded to the internet using the data logging unit
can be accessed from both personal computers (PCs) and mobile phones.
Sensor reading helps the user to understand their farm. The current sensor
reading values should be displayed along with a graphical visualization of the
sensor reading. The user will be able to view also the physical location of a
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farm field and other details.
3. For each sub-factor in each component, Discuss what are the things
that haven't considered or mentioned.
Data
A Limited number of papers talked about derived data, although, majority of them did not explain
of the use of previous knowledge information including the sensors, nodes, GPRS (Kim, Y.-D.,
Y.-M. Yang, W.-S. Kang, and D.-K. Kim) that were used in the creation of WSN. Consequently,
(Morais, R., S. G. Matos, M. A. Fernandes, A. L. G. Valente, S. F. S. P. Soares, P. J. S. G.
Ferreira, and M. J. C. S. Reis. 2008) utilized some of the pre-defined sensor nodes which were
used during linking. On the other hand, (Green, O., E. S. Nadimi, V. Blanes-Vidal, R. N.
Jørgensen, I. M. L. D. Storm, and C. G. Sørensen. 2009) stated to have previous knowledge of
operating the sensor node within the agricultural WSN
Display
Majority of papers stated based on in the interaction equipment, majorly comprise of gadgets that
are used in sensing of agricultural activities that are not effective. Thus this it covers tools that
play important roles in structuring fruitful wireless sensing networking.
4. Continue describing the few publications that considered some
factors, and how they done it.
Data
According to (Yihua, C., L. Gang, L. Li, and L. Hui. 2009) he states significance aspects in the
enhancement of the wireless networks within the agricultural sector. On the other hand, (Zhang,
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R., G. Gu, Y. Feng, and C. Lian. 2008) talks about cloud-based systems that are can be suitable in
the agricultural sector. On the other hand, wireless routing nodes select the best route which sets
in by aligning itself based on the algorithm stated (Riquelme, J. A. L., F. Soto, J. Suardiaz, P.
Sanchez, A. Iborra, and J. A. Vera. 2009).
5. After discussion the sub-factors that only considered by few the state
of art publications, give your opinion by critical analysis , WHY do you
think few publications have considered specific factors in each
component.
Less knowledge and acquired data which have been chosen in the publication have
shown that such information comprises of less importance as it does not need deep detail
for construction of the system. The tracing route of the sensor nodes has proven to be
helpful as effective sensing nodes are good in the agricultural sector. Therefore the use of
nodes in the agricultural sector should not be assumed as it is in a position of solving the
current issues in agriculture. Moreover few publications have considered precise factors
in each component as there is little data and not great research is devoted in analysing the
WSN systems in agriculture.
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