Stakeholder Engagement in Engineering - Desklib

This report has identified the stakeholder engagement plan for development of the Sydney Airport Parallel Runway Project. The report has aimed to provide an effective stakeholder engagement plan for developing a parallel runway in Sydney Airport. The stakeholder breakdown will be addressed based on the current requirements and will provide a comparative analysis of the project stakeholder requirement changes in the past decades.

Running head: STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
Stakeholder engagement in engineering
Name of the student
Name of the university
Author note

2STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
Executive Summary
Introduction: This report has identified the stakeholder engagement plan for development of the
Sydney Airport Parallel Runway Project. The project has been conducted decades back but
the assumption has been that the project has to be conducted in the present time.
Stakeholder Identification: Stakeholder engagement plan is one of the ways of maintaining
transparency and take inputs from the stakeholders to get better results. The diverse range of
issues can be identified using the engagement strategies and will provide the stakeholders the
idea about the issues that will have to overcome and managed
Key Stakeholders: The stakeholders in the current project have been identified and the
stakeholder design for the runway has been identified. The internal and external stakeholders in
the project have been identified.
Stakeholder Analysis: The most important aspect of the project is to identify the key
stakeholders and the information that needs to be conveyed. The type of information conveyed is
also an important aspect as it is essential to understand the relevancy of information to the
stakeholders.
Stakeholder Engagement: The stakeholder engagement plan has been developed based on the
modern-day project requirements. The different stakeholders have been identified and they have
been analysed and mapped based on the current requirement. The report has also provided risk
register which can address the possible risk factor while executing the project. These risk factors
can be significantly reduced by effective use of the stakeholder engagement.

3STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
Budget: The expert costs include the expenses offered to the personnel offering expert services
in completion of the project. This includes design, consultation and development costs related
with the airport runway project in Sydney.

4STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
Table of Contents
1. Introduction......................................................................................................................5
1.1. Background........................................................................................................5
2. Stakeholder Identification................................................................................................6
3. Key Stakeholders...........................................................................................................10
3.1. Internal Stakeholders..............................................................................................10
3.2. External Stakeholders.............................................................................................11
4. Stakeholder Analysis.....................................................................................................30
5. Stakeholder Engagement Activities...............................................................................32
6. Timeline.........................................................................................................................35
7. Budget............................................................................................................................39
7.1. Staffing Costs..........................................................................................................39
7.2. Activity Costs.........................................................................................................39
7.3.1. Internal Activities Costs..................................................................................39
7.3.2. External Activity Costs....................................................................................40
7.3. Expert Costs............................................................................................................41
8. Conclusion.....................................................................................................................42
References..........................................................................................................................43

5STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING

6STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
1. Introduction
The perspective of the stakeholders about a particular project is essential for positive
outcome and successful outcome. Stakeholder engagement is the method of interacting with the
project stakeholders in order to convince them and their advocates about the benefit of the
project (Andriofet al. 2017). However, stakeholder engagement is quite different from
stakeholder management and it influences the variety of outcomes through relationship building,
communication, consultation, negotiation and compromise. Stakeholder engagement plan is the
list of activities along with timelines developed systematically to provide the stakeholders with
relevant information from time to time so that success of the project assured (Cascettaet al.2015).
Communication is a key to achieving success in major projects and the report has aimed to
provide an effective stakeholder engagement plan for developing a parallel runway in Sydney
Airport. The runway had already been developed two decades back but the report has made an
assumption that runway would be developed in the upcoming year and the stakeholder
engagement plan has developed based on the current requirement. Therefore, the current
standards, legislations, knowledge, input and current reaction of the stakeholders will be taken
into account while developing the project. The stakeholder breakdown will be addressed based
on the current requirements and will provide a comparative analysis of the project stakeholder
requirement changes in the past decades.
1.1. Background
The stakeholder engagement plan is important for development of the Sydney Airport
Parallel Runway Project. Sydney airport is one of the international airports in the country and
acts a gateway for both domestic and international flights. The parallel runway project was

7STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
executed in the 19th century but even in the present day the development of a parallel runway has
to take various factors in consideration before proceeding with the project (Averyand
Balakrishnan2015). In the project almost two decades back, environmental concerns were one of
the biggest issues and challenges that had to be taken into account while developing the parallel
runway. There has been strong growth over the last decade and the airline industry has grown
significantly.
The major challenges faced by the organizations in such projects are environmental,
efficiency, capacity and safety challenges. The runway has to be developed based on the current
requirement but the future requirements will also have to be taken into consideration while
making investments. This investment will include updates in equipment, infrastructure and
effective management of human resources for performing air traffic management functions. The
airspace is huge and it covers almost 11% of the overall airspace so improvement in surveillance,
remotely piloted aircraft systems, environmental impacts, workforce capability, infrastructure
and technology are key challenges and issues in the modern development of runways
(Tangri2018). The safety requirement based on the legislations has changed from the past two
decades where safety of the passsengers is given utmost priority. Therefore, abiding by the
regulations of ICAO SARPs, harmonization of Civil-military ATM, recruitment and retention of
effective workforce and environmental impact management are major issues (Tangri 2018).
These factors will have to be taken into consideration while developing a new parallel runway as
environmental conditions have changed drastically in the past two decades.

8STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
2. Stakeholder Identification
As stated by Rahmanet al.(2017), stakeholder engagement is a process of developing a
two communication between the decision makers and stakeholders to exchange information
regarding the project. This also facilitates in providing a better understanding of the issues
addressed by the policy makers while addressing a particular project (Barrett, Oborn and
Orlikowski 2016). The policy direction is better achieved using engagement plan and news
methods of initiating a plan. Stakeholder engagement plan is one of the ways of maintaining
transparency and take inputs from the stakeholders to get better results. The diverse range of
issues can be identified using the engagement strategies and will provide the stakeholders the
idea about the issues that will have to overcome and managed (Zavyalovaet al.2016). Projects
will consist of both external and internal stakeholders. The internal stakeholders are personnel
that are directly linked to the project and serving the organizations. The internal stakeholders
include board members, staff members, former board members, investors, employees, managers
and owners. External Stakeholders are the ones that are not directly linked to the project but the
operation of the project impacts them (Barrett, Oborn and Orlikowski 2016). The external
stakeholders will consist of community partners, clients, suppliers, government and society.
The nature of working relationship between the project committee and the stakeholders
will facilitate in establishing the requirements, constraints, deliverables, out of scope and
milestones (Aragonés-Beltrán,García-Melón and Montesinos-Valera2017). The budget allocation
and resources available for a particular project is also effective set based set on the stakeholder
criteria. The information of the different phases assists in changing requirement if required and
solve the issue faced during the project. However, the stakeholders’ identification process starts
with stakeholder analysis where all the required stakeholders are initially identify the all the

9STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
stakeholder with the project group and the leader. This is the most effective way of identifying
all the stakeholders that will be affected by the project during the execution and launch of the
project (Aragonés-Beltrán,García-Melón and Montesinos-Valera2017). This facilities in
effective identification of the internal and external stakeholders in the project and measures can
be developed based on this analysis process to align the involvement and the interest of the
stakeholders (Barrett, Oborn and Orlikowski 2016). This is generally conducted by using
stakeholder mapping which has been discussed in the following sections.

10STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
Figure 1: Stakeholder Mapping
(Source: Authors Note)
Sydne
y
Airport
Employees
(Senior
management,
Other
employees
and Unions)
Consumers
(Airlines,
passengers,
retailers,
tenants)
The aviation
industry (Other
airports,
aircraft
manufacturers,
navigation
services)
Government
(National,
local
government,
broader
control)
Local
communitiesNon-
governmental
Organizations
(Activist
groups,
consumer
advocacy)
Regulators
(Chielf
aviation
authority,
commission,
competition)
Suppliers
(Construction,
banks and
companies)
Public
transport
operators
(Bus and
coach, Taxi
and Rail)
Oweners/
Shareholders
(Major and
Small)

11STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
3. Key Stakeholders
3.1. Internal Stakeholders
The stakeholders in the current project have been identified and the stakeholder design
for the runway has been identified. The internal and external stakeholders in the project have
been identified.
Internal Stakeholders
The internal stakeholders in the project are as follows:
 Project board, project manager: The project board and project manager are the key
internal stakeholders deciding on the requirements and budget of the project.
 Airport runway construction authority
i. Engineering: Engineers are one of the key internal stakeholders in the project and will
consist of civil engineers, electrical engineers and electronic engineers. These engineers
will develop the design of the runway based on the requirement of the stakeholders
decided by the project board and manager (Karanikas 2018).
ii. Infrastructure- The responsibilities of the infrastructure engineer includes architect,
supervising and participating in technology and development implementation (Mordecai,
Orhof and Dori 2018).
iii. Construction- The construction manager has the responsibility of overseeing the major
aspects of the project that includes managing, working with other construction workers
along with planning and budgeting process (Mata‐Lima et al. 2016).

12STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
iv. Procurement- The procurement managers are responsible for purchasing necessary
goods and services needed in the airport runway development process.
v. Development and Master planning
1) Consultant- The consultant personnel has the responsibility of advising the
management regarding certain compliance with policies and procedures.
2) Design Build Contractors- The personnel has the responsibility of delivering project
within which the design and construction services are contracted by a particular design
builder.
3.2. External Stakeholders
 Airport management authority
i. Ground Services- These stakeholders perform vita duties to make sure safety off airline
passengers along with maintaining plane and runway between flights (Mordecai, Orhof and Dori
2018).
ii. Governmental Operation Authorities
1) Police- Airport police units have a major role in carrying out law enforcement
functions in cse of airport emergency.
2) Air carrier- This stakeholder group has responsibilities of flight deck checking,
maintaining air navigators (Bows-Larkin 2015).
3) Customs- This stakeholder group is responsible for loading export goods needed for
airport runway project.

13STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
iii. Airport Operation- This stakeholder group has the responsibility of managing the
operations of local airline company, supervising duty fees compliance and abiding by rules set
by the funding government in the runway project.
Mapping of Stakeholders
Ferretti (2016) stated that visual representation or pictorial depiction of the stakeholder
analysis is represented by stakeholder mapping. This constitutes organizing the people as per the
key criteria for effective management of the stakeholders during the project. The key criteria of
stakeholder mapping are financial stake, interest, influence, emotional stake and others. It is
essential to include all the stakeholders even those that are on the periphery for effective
stakeholder engagement. The mapping of the stakeholders is broken into four phases to
determine the key list of stakeholders from the overall stakeholder spectrum and they are
identifying, analysing, mapping and prioritizing (Krupaet al. 2018). The project process quality
depends on the knowledge of the participants and so it is essential to gather a group that is cross
functional in nature consisting of internal participants to contribute to the project. This facilities
in identifying the external sources that may have the required knowledge or perspective on the
issues for valid inputs.

14STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
Figure 2: Stakeholder Mapping
(Source: Bows-Larkin 2015)
The first step of the process is identification of the key stakeholders which will be
dependent on the current engagement objectives, impacts and purpose of the project. This means
that the stakeholder list would be dynamic and would evolve based on change in the surrounding
environment (García-Nietoet al. 2015). The next step is analysis of the stakeholders to
understand their perspective and relevance to the project in order to identify the usefulness of
these stakeholders in addressing the issues in the project. The analysis is executed based on
criteria such as contribution, willingness to engage, legitimacy, involvement necessity and
influence (Fradkin, et al.2016). The next step in the process is mapping of the stakeholders based
on the analysis which is used to determine the most useful stakeholders in the engagement
process. The final step of the mapping process is prioritizing the stakeholders based on their level
of importance. This is because of the fact that every stakeholder does not necessarily needed to
Power
LegitimacyUrgency
Dormant:
project manager
Demanding:
Design Build
Contractors
Discretionary:
Governmental
Operation

15STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
be engaged at all times and with same amount of engagement. Therefore, the strategic
perspective facilitates in conserving both money and time while engaging the project.

16STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
Stakeholder Name Impact
How much does the
project impact them?
(Low, Medium, High)
Influence
How much influence do
they have over the
project? (Low, Medium,
High)
What is important to
the stakeholder?
How could the
stakeholder
contribute to the
project?
How could the
stakeholder block
the project?
Project board High High The purpose of the
project board is to
identify the
requirement of the
project based on the
requirement of the
other stakeholders.
The project board
monitors the overall
project and provides
valuable guidance
regarding the project
processes. The project
plan is developed in
accordance to the
project board.
The project has the
power to stop the
project as they are
accountable for the
overall project.
Project manager High High The project manager
will oversee the
The project manager
will monitor the
The absence of the
project manager can

17STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
Stakeholder Name Impact
How much does the
project impact them?
(Low, Medium, High)
Influence
How much influence do
they have over the
project? (Low, Medium,
High)
What is important to
the stakeholder?
How could the
stakeholder
contribute to the
project?
How could the
stakeholder block
the project?
project and
responsible for
effective completion of
the project.
project based on the
developed project
plan, activities and
manage the other
stakeholders in the
project
deviate the project
scope and increase
the timeline.
Civil Engineer Low High Civil Engineers is
development of a
modernized and
effective runway.
Civil Engineers will be
responsible for
developing the civil
requirements for
constructing the
The civil engineer
could go on strikes to
hamper the fluidity,
timeline and

18STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
Stakeholder Name Impact
How much does the
project impact them?
(Low, Medium, High)
Influence
How much influence do
they have over the
project? (Low, Medium,
High)
What is important to
the stakeholder?
How could the
stakeholder
contribute to the
project?
How could the
stakeholder block
the project?
runway resources.
Infrastructure and
concrete management
engineer
Low High The infrastructure and
concrete engineer aims
to manage the use of
the resources
effectively.
The infrastructure and
concrete engineer
provides estimates and
effective use of
resources.
The Infrastructure
and concrete
management
engineer could go on
strikes to hamper the
fluidity, timeline and
resources.
Procurement engineers Low High The procurement
engineer aims to
The procurement
engineer can develop
The procurement
engineer can block

19STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
Stakeholder Name Impact
How much does the
project impact them?
(Low, Medium, High)
Influence
How much influence do
they have over the
project? (Low, Medium,
High)
What is important to
the stakeholder?
How could the
stakeholder
contribute to the
project?
How could the
stakeholder block
the project?
purchase all the
materials at
reasonable keeping the
budget within the limit.
effective relationship
with the suppliers and
effectively manage
inventory to keep the
project on schedule
without any hindrance
the project by not
purchasing the
required inventory
on a timely basis
Road designer
engineers
Low High The road design
engineer will design a
suitable runway based
on the requirement of
the project.
The road design
engineer will design
the runway and can
make changes to the
design based on the
The road could block
the project by not
providing the runway
design at the desired

20STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
Stakeholder Name Impact
How much does the
project impact them?
(Low, Medium, High)
Influence
How much influence do
they have over the
project? (Low, Medium,
High)
What is important to
the stakeholder?
How could the
stakeholder
contribute to the
project?
How could the
stakeholder block
the project?
evolution of the needs
of the other
stakeholders.
time.
Surveyor Low High The surveyor will
analyse the
topography of the
overall area of the
project to provide the
optimal area of use.
The surveyor could
identify a suitable
location for the
parallel runway by
keeping in mind the
rules, regulations and
restrictions posed by
the governing bodies.
The surveyor’s
analysis of the area
of the project is the
initial step of the
project and can
block the project by
not providing the
contour timely and

21STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
Stakeholder Name Impact
How much does the
project impact them?
(Low, Medium, High)
Influence
How much influence do
they have over the
project? (Low, Medium,
High)
What is important to
the stakeholder?
How could the
stakeholder
contribute to the
project?
How could the
stakeholder block
the project?
The surveyor will
develop the contour
and will a detail of the
land and its
neighbouring which
will help to identify the
other external
stakeholder.
by delivering faulty
contour. The faulty
contour will cause
the estimate to
overshoot which
delay the project.
Consultant Low High The consultant’s
objective is to provide
optimal solution to the
The consultant will
develop the strategy
that has to be
Consultant may
block the project by
develop strategies

22STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
Stakeholder Name Impact
How much does the
project impact them?
(Low, Medium, High)
Influence
How much influence do
they have over the
project? (Low, Medium,
High)
What is important to
the stakeholder?
How could the
stakeholder
contribute to the
project?
How could the
stakeholder block
the project?
needs of the project
stakeholder by
adhering to the
guidelines of the
regulatory bodies.
implemented in order
to complete the project
without any hindrance.
Consultant is also
responsible for
providing the drawing
and designing of the
runway within the
given time.
that are not in
accordance to the
requirement of the
project which causes
re-evaluation of the
overall strategy of
the project scope.
Design Build
contractors
Low High The build contractors
aim to execute the
The design build
contractors will
The difference in
negotiation of pay

23STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
Stakeholder Name Impact
How much does the
project impact them?
(Low, Medium, High)
Influence
How much influence do
they have over the
project? (Low, Medium,
High)
What is important to
the stakeholder?
How could the
stakeholder
contribute to the
project?
How could the
stakeholder block
the project?
design developed by
the consultant and
other engineers
develop the runway
based on the
requirements of the
stakeholders.
and not meeting the
obligation of the
timely payment may
block the project
Geo technical Services Low High The geo technical
services will
commence with soil
testing and measuring
the flow of wind during
the whole year along
with the measurement
The geo technical
services will provide
the detail analysis of
the geographical
condition of the chosen
area of project to give
recommendations on
The overall design
and development of
the runway is
dependent on soil
and wind testing
where faulty
measurement will

24STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
Stakeholder Name Impact
How much does the
project impact them?
(Low, Medium, High)
Influence
How much influence do
they have over the
project? (Low, Medium,
High)
What is important to
the stakeholder?
How could the
stakeholder
contribute to the
project?
How could the
stakeholder block
the project?
of wind pressure. the measures and
points that has been to
kept in while designing
and executing the
project.
lead to scope creep
in the project. It will
also cause planning
and infrastructure
deficiencies.
Ground Services High Low The ground services
aim to provide
facilities to the
consumers while
making their way frim
the airport to the
The ground services
do not contribute to
the project as they are
the external
stakeholders but
provide requirement
The ground services
will not have any
effect on the project
processes and cannot
block the project.

25STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
Stakeholder Name Impact
How much does the
project impact them?
(Low, Medium, High)
Influence
How much influence do
they have over the
project? (Low, Medium,
High)
What is important to
the stakeholder?
How could the
stakeholder
contribute to the
project?
How could the
stakeholder block
the project?
runway. regarding the facilities
they require for
operating in the
runway.
Police Medium Medium The police will aim to
protect the project
sites and resources
from illegal activities.
The police can protect
the resources and
expensive equipment
from being stolen.
The police may block
the project in case of
illegal activities in
project site.
Customs High Low The customs
department will
The customs can
provide clearance
The customs can stop
the project if they

26STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
Stakeholder Name Impact
How much does the
project impact them?
(Low, Medium, High)
Influence
How much influence do
they have over the
project? (Low, Medium,
High)
What is important to
the stakeholder?
How could the
stakeholder
contribute to the
project?
How could the
stakeholder block
the project?
inspect the site to
check the suitability of
the site for shipping
and docking of exports
and imports.
regarding the
execution of the
project.
find out that all the
rules and regulations
are not being
followed.
Air carriers High Medium The air carrier
department will
inspect the feasibility
and execution whether
the runway is up to the
standards for the flight
They can contribute by
providing a green
signal to the project so
that it can proceed
without any hindrance.
Air carriers can stop
the project if they
consider the design
of the project not up
to the standards
mentioned by the

27STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
Stakeholder Name Impact
How much does the
project impact them?
(Low, Medium, High)
Influence
How much influence do
they have over the
project? (Low, Medium,
High)
What is important to
the stakeholder?
How could the
stakeholder
contribute to the
project?
How could the
stakeholder block
the project?
take-offs government.
Airport operations High Low The airport operations
handle all the
operations within the
airport.
The airport operations
are not directly related
to the project and will
not have any direct
contribution to the
project.
The airport
operations can bring
an objection
regarding the
construction of the
runway by claiming
that it is hampering
the day to day
operations.

28STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
Stakeholder Name Impact
How much does the
project impact them?
(Low, Medium, High)
Influence
How much influence do
they have over the
project? (Low, Medium,
High)
What is important to
the stakeholder?
How could the
stakeholder
contribute to the
project?
How could the
stakeholder block
the project?
Local Airline
Company
High Low The local airline
companies aim to
provide the consumers
with proper
convenience for
travelling for the
consumers
They cannot contribute
to the project.
They cannot block
the project
Duty Fee High Medium The duty fee
commission collects
taxes on the projects
They cannot contribute
to the project
They cannot block
the project

29STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
Stakeholder Name Impact
How much does the
project impact them?
(Low, Medium, High)
Influence
How much influence do
they have over the
project? (Low, Medium,
High)
What is important to
the stakeholder?
How could the
stakeholder
contribute to the
project?
How could the
stakeholder block
the project?
Funding Government High High The government wants
development of the
runway by maintaining
the rules and
regulations.
The government body
provides funding to the
project and fulfils all
the infrastructural
requirements.
The government can
stop the funding the
project and block the
project
Table 1: Stakeholder mapping and analysis
Source: (As created by Author)

Running head: STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
4. Stakeholder Analysis
The importance of stakeholder engagement plan and the reason of effectively engaging
the stakeholders have to be analysed to understand its significance in modern day project
management. The most aspect of a project is defining the scope of the project and aligning it
with the needs of the stakeholders. The nature of working relationship between the project
committee and the stakeholders will facilitate in establishing the requirements, constraints,
deliverables, out of scope and milestones. The budget allocation and resources available for a
particular project is also effective set based set on the stakeholder criteria. The information of the
different phases assists in changing requirement if required and solve the issue faced during the
project (Barrett, Oborn and Orlikowski 2016). The two images show the role of stakeholders in
developing the project scope, allocating resources and offering best solutions to the company.
This is through implementing the processes based on the agreed design and analysing the final
product. This shows that stakeholders are the key element of the project and the project has to be
developed and executed as per their requirements in order to make them satisfied. The most
important aspect of the project is to identify the key stakeholders and the information that needs
to be conveyed. The type of information conveyed is also an important aspect as it is essential to
understand the relevancy of information to the stakeholders.

STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
Image 1: The role of stakeholders
Source: (Payneand Calton2017)

STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
Image 2:The role of stakeholders
Source: (Payne and Calton 2017)
5. Stakeholder Engagement Activities
The potential engagement activities in a project consists of developing a communication
plan where the all the stakeholders will be provided information regarding depending upon their
needs and their importance in the project (Aragonés-Beltrán,García-Melón and Montesinos-
Valera2017). The activities of engagement will depend upon the approach taken in order to
address stakeholders based on their influence and interest. The partnership approach has to be
taken with the project board, project manager and governing body. These stakeholders are
engaged in regular meetings as they discuss the challenges and progress of the project. This
enables them to be remaining up to date about the project. The stakeholders having high

STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
influence and low influence participation approach has to be considered (Concannonet al.2014.).
The engineers will fall in this category and meetings will be conducted after key milestones as
they will provide inputs about the project to the other key stakeholders. The stakeholders having
low influence and high interest will be engaged using the consultation approach where their
feedback will be taken at intervals through meetings and they will also be provided with updates
so that their valuable feedback is considered (Aragonés-Beltrán,García-Melón and Montesinos-
Valera2017). Push and pull communication is used for the stakeholders having low interest and
influence on the project. The stakeholder engagement will consist of developing an effective
communication plan where different forms of communication medium are used to make the
stakeholders aware of the progress of the project.
Strategy for engaging the stakeholder
The project board will have to be provided with weekly reports and meetings have to be
conducted after each fortnight of work.
Project manager will have to meet with the project board on regular basis and weekly
meetings have to be conducted.
The project board and manager will have conduct monthly meeting to discuss issues and
challenges in the project.
A monthly meeting has to conducted for discussing the infrastructure management issues.
A weekly meeting has to be conducted to discuss budget, inventory management, availability
of resources and requirements.

STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
Strategy for engaging the stakeholder
Meetings have to be conducted every three months to discuss the scope creep and what
necessary changes can be made to the design based on the change in needs of the
stakeholders.
An initial meeting has to be conducted with the surveyor to make sure that the surveyor has
the idea of the requirement of the project along with the rules, regulation and environmental
concerns that has to be considered.
A meeting has to conducted among the project board, project manager and other relevant
stakeholders so that the consultants has the clear idea of the work that has to be done.
A weekly meeting has to be conducted among the project board, manager and design build
contractors to check on the project and discuss the next line of activities and difficulties faced
while executing the project.
An initial meeting has to be conducted to discuss the results of the soil testing and re
evaluation has to be conducted before starting the final design of the runway.
The ground services will be provided basic information regarding the progress of the runway
one a month.
The police shall be given monthly update of the project activities.
The custom department should be provided a copy of the project along with the changes in the
project scope, each month.

STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
Strategy for engaging the stakeholder
The air carrier department should be provided a copy of the project status along with the
changes in the project scope, each month
The airport operations should be provided a copy of the project status along with the changes
in the project scope, each month
The local airline companies will be provided quarterly status report and updates about the
project.
The duty fee commission will be provided quarterly status report and updates about the
project.
A weekly report has to be send to government about the progress of the project and monthly
meeting has to be conducted to discuss the issues and progress.
6. Timeline
Task Name Duration Start Finish
Stakeholder Engagement
Plan
105 days
Mon
10/12/09
Fri 3/5/10
1.0 Stakeholder
Identification
20 days
Mon
10/12/09
Fri 11/6/09

STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
1.1 Identify the area of
influence
4 days
Mon
10/12/09
Thu
10/15/09
1.2 Regulations and
requirements
4 days
Fri
10/16/09
Wed
10/21/09
1.3 Identify the stakeholders 3 days
Thu
10/22/09
Mon
10/26/09
1.4 Analyzing the stakeholders 3 days
Tue
10/27/09
Thu
10/29/09
1.5 Mapping of the
stakeholders
4 days
Fri
10/30/09
Wed
11/4/09
1.6 Prioritizing the
stakeholders
2 days
Thu
11/5/09
Fri 11/6/09
1.7 Milestone 1: Stakeholders
identified
0 days Fri 11/6/09 Fri 11/6/09
2.0 Stakeholder Engagement 28 days
Mon
11/9/09
Wed
12/16/09
2.1 Implement partnership
approach for high influence and high
interest stakeholders
7 days
Mon
11/9/09
Tue
11/17/09

STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
2.2 Implement participation
approach for high influence and low
interest stakeholders
5 days
Wed
11/18/09
Tue
11/24/09
2.3 Implement consultation
approach for low influence and high
interest stakeholders
4 days
Wed
11/25/09
Mon
11/30/09
2.4 Implement push and pull
approach for low influence and low
interest stakeholders
4 days Tue 12/1/09 Fri 12/4/09
2.5 Review the stakeholder
engagement strategies
3 days
Mon
12/7/09
Wed
12/9/09
2.6 Make changes if necessary 1 day
Thu
12/10/09
Thu
12/10/09
2.7 Implement the corrected
strategies
4 days
Fri
12/11/09
Wed
12/16/09
2.8 Milestone 2: Stakeholders
engagement plan developed
0 days
Wed
12/16/09
Wed
12/16/09
3.0 Implementation phase 45 days
Thu
12/17/09
Wed
2/17/10
3.1 Develop communication 5 days Thu Wed

STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
plan 12/17/09 12/23/09
3.2 Review the communication
plan
4 days
Thu
12/24/09
Tue
12/29/09
3.3 Sent the communication
plan to all the stakeholders
6 days
Wed
12/30/09
Wed 1/6/10
3.4 conduct meetings as per
the schedule
30 days Thu 1/7/10
Wed
2/17/10
3.5 Milestone 3:
Implementation phase completed
0 days
Wed
2/17/10
Wed
2/17/10
4.0 Closure phase 12 days
Thu
2/18/10
Fri 3/5/10
4.1 review the overall
stakeholder engagement process
2 days
Thu
2/18/10
Fri 2/19/10
4.2 Identify the risk associated
with the plan
4 days
Mon
2/22/10
Thu
2/25/10
4.3 Develop risk management
strategies
5 days Fri 2/26/10 Thu 3/4/10
4.4 Close the engagement plan 1 day Fri 3/5/10 Fri 3/5/10
4.5 Milestone 4: Closure phase 0 days Fri 3/5/10 Fri 3/5/10

STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
completed
7. Budget
7.1. Staffing Costs
The engineering designer’s labor and employee cost is anticipated to be $27,000. This
attains runway construction engineers an overall yearly expense of $97,200 (Cuppen et al. 2016).
The employee cost per production hour to the organization is observed $ 59.49 for each
production/ hour ($ 97200/ 1634) or $ 0.99 for each minute. In order to compute the engineering
labor burden rate (5) for per work hour, subtracted from engineering designer’s labor burden rate
(%) per production (work) hour, deduct the engineer’s hourly rate from, the individual’s fully
burden cost ($59.49 - $28 = $31.49). This indicates that the additional cost to have the electrical
engineer on the job, when computed as a percentage, add 113% ($31.49/$28 * 100) to the
electrical engineer’s base hourly rate (Connelly et al. 2016).
7.2. Activity Costs
7.3.1. Internal Activities Costs
The internal activities cost that is anticipated to be experienced in the airport project
runway project is indicated below:
TABLE 12-4 Illustration of a Job Status Report
Fact
or
Budget
ed Cost
Estimat
ed Total Cost
Cost
Committed
Co
st
Cost
To Date
Over
or (Under)

STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
Exposure
Lab
or
Material
Subcontract
s
Equipment
Other
Total
$99,40
6
88,499
198,458
37,543
72,693
496,509
$102,3
42
88,499
196,323
37,543
81,432
506,139
$49,5
96
42,506
83,352
23,623
49,356
248,433
---
45,993
97,832
---
---
143,825
$52,7
46
---
15,139
13,920
32,076
113,881
$2,9
36
0
(2,135)
0
8,739
5,950
7.3.2. External Activity Costs
The external costs experienced in developing the airport runway are explained below:
Activity Expenses
(AU$)
Expenses (AU$) 10,023,486
Member Training 3,819,787
Member Training 1,489,540
Technical Infrastructure 1,556,879
Technical Infrastructure 1,556,879
Community Engagement 4,904,670
Regional Technical
Development
427,711

STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
Corporate 1,533,562
Facilities 3,531,857
Finance & Administration 614,257
Human Resource Management 886,763
Legal & Governance 522,538
Total Expenses 30,867,929
7.3. Expert Costs
The expert costs include the expenses offered to the personnel offering expert services in
completion of the project (Kivits and Charles 2015). This includes design, consultation and
development costs related with the airport runway project in Sydney.
Expert service Budget
Noise Expert 3000
Facilitator 6000
Development 20000
Total 29000

STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
8. Conclusion
The report has provided a descriptive analysis of all the key stakeholders engaged in the
development of the parallel runway at Sydney Airport. The key stakeholders have been
identified in accordance to the modern-day requirements and overall engagement plan has been
developed based on the stakeholder mapping and analysis. The report shows that legislative
frameworks have also been followed as per the modern-day requirements. It was gathered from
the report that the policy direction is better achieved using engagement plan and news methods
of initiating a plan. Stakeholder engagement plan is one of the ways of maintaining transparency
and take inputs from the stakeholders to get better results. The diverse range of issues can be
identified using the engagement strategies and will provide the stakeholders the idea about the
issues that will have to overcome and managed.

STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING
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