Standard of Living and Environmental Damages

This essay discusses the social and economic effects of the higher standard of living, which have negative implications on the environment and the counterarguments which are present in each of the cases.

Running head: STANDARD OF LIVING AND ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGES
Standard of Living and Environmental Damages
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1STANDARD OF LIVING AND ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGES
Over the decades, the world has experienced huge dynamics and development, which
in turn has facilitated the economic abundance, prosperities and growth of the economies of
the countries across the world, thereby increasing the overall standard of living of the
population in these places. The term “standard of living” refers to the overall lifestyle, the
demand and the consumption as well as expenditure patterns of the general population of a
country, which can be as a whole, observed to be increasing in the global scenario over the
years (Diener, Tay and Oishi 2013). This increase in the standard of living has been
especially facilitated by international occurrences of huge significance like that of
globalisation, commercial liberalisations and technological innovations (Ezeh, Bongaarts and
Mberu 2012). This economic development, has in turn led to an overall increase in the living
standards of the population of many countries, especially the developed and the developing
ones, which in turn has considerable implications on the social and economic dynamics of the
societies across the world. These changes in the social and economic domains can be seen to
have considerable implications on the environmental aspects of the globe (Yeates 2014).
Keeping this into consideration, the concerned essay tries to discuss the social and economic
effects which arise out of this higher standard of living, which have negative implications on
the environmental aspects and the counterarguments which are present in each of the cases.
A significant share of the global population believes that the increase in the living
standards of people over the years has negatively affected the quality of global environment
since ages. Much of the reasons behind such notion is mainly economic. One of the economic
effects of the increase in the overall standard of living of population across the world is the
creation of increased demand and consumption pattern with the increase in the standard of
living, which is reflected in the higher incomes in general (Muller 2014). This in turn leads to
an increase in the encouragement of the producers to increase their supply of commodities,
which in turn has led to the increased level of manufacturing of commodities across the globe

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to meet the increased demand. This has bilateral implications on the overall environment of
the globe. On one hand excessive usage of the scarce natural resources, in the rapidly
growing manufacturing industries depletes the non-renewable stocks of the same and on the
other hand the over-usage of these resources and their by-products leads to environmental
degradation, thereby affecting the overall human life across the world. This can be seen with
the example of the usage of the non-renewable fuel and energy resources over the years,
especially by the contemporary developed and highly developing regions like the West
Offshoots, European countries, Asian regions and others, especially for the rapidly growing
manufacturing activities (Shindell 2015). This on one hand has decreased the already scarce
reserves of the same and as per the assertions of many, the reserves of oil are expected to
exist for the next 42 years, which that of natural gas can sustain only 60 years and coal,
another 250 years, which is extremely threatening for the economy. On the other hand, the
increased manufacturing activities has led to higher levels of air, water and other types of
pollution. The usage of fossil fuels excessively also has led to extreme emission of Carbon
Dioxide and other green house gases, which in turn has led to the international problem of
immense concern, known as Global Warming. Due to the increased emission of these
substances, the average temperature of the globe has increased massively (by nearly 1 degree
centigrade in the last forty years) and is expected to increase even more in the coming years.
This has led to melting of glaciers and rising of sea-levels and other grave environmental
damages, the effects of which can be seen to be felt by different regions of the globe
(Carraro, Katsoulacos and Xepapadeas 2013).
However, the increase in standard of living and the changes in economic aspects,
reflected by the changes in the demand and consumption pattern does not always be seen to
be detrimental to the overall environmental aspects of the country. The relationship
considerably depends on the governing authorities of the countries and their perceptions

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regarding the importance of protection of the environment and how to do the same. There are
many countries in the global scenario, which with the increase in the economic development
and standard of living of the population, have become more concerned about the
environmental aspects. One such example is Canada. Being one of the most developed
nations across the world, with people enjoying high standard of living, is also one of the
greenest countries in the global scenario, with special emphasis being put by the government
on the preservation of the biodiversity and environment (Therivel and Paridario 2013).
Various restrictions have been implemented in this country, to facilitate environment friendly
operations of the industries, especially manufacturing industries. Australia can also be seen to
be shifting fast towards the replacement of usage of non-renewable, pollution causing energy
sources by those of the clean and renewable energy sources like solar, wind and other forms
of energies. Many countries can also be seen to be imposing Carbon Tax on the industries to
induce them in designing their operations in environment friendly ways (Lewis 2013).
From the above discussion, it can be asserted that in spite of several outliers, the
increase in the standard of living has in general has considerable economic implications,
primarily in terms of increasing industrial and manufacturing activities across the globe,
mainly to meet the increasing demands of the population, thereby negatively affecting the
environment and in spite of several outliers and measures taken by the different countries, the
effects still can be seen to be negative as a whole, with the issues of global warming, high air
and water pollution and other environmental damages still persisting and the same can be
seen to be more aggravated in the emerging economies, which have been experiencing
manufacturing booms in various sectors in recent period (Sadorsky 2014).
The increase in the living standards not only have implications on the economic
aspects but also on the social aspects of the countries and the world in general (Buhaug and
Urdal 2013). One of the primarily social implications of the increasing standard of living is

4STANDARD OF LIVING AND ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGES
that of increasing habit of travelling, among the population across the globe. With the
increase in the economic abundance and with improvement in the standard of living, the
extent of both domestic as well as international travelling has increased among a major share
of population of the world, especially of those of the developed as well as developing
counties. These include both pleasure as well as work-related travels. These travels,
especially international travels, are mostly done using the air and marine routes, that is by
aircrafts or ships. This in turn creates immense negative implications for the overall
conditions of the environment. Increased aviation leads to emission of heat, noise, gases and
particulates to the environment, which leads to global dimming and climate change. As can
be seen between 1990 and 2006, in the European Union itself, the greenhouse gas emissions
from aviation solely, has increased by 87% thereby contributing to the global pollution and
increase in the temperature (Levy et al. 2012). On the other hand, increased marine travels
leads to huge spilling of oils and harmful waste materials into the oceans and seas, which not
only pollutes the water but also harms the aquatic habitat and organisms severely.
However, there remains some opinions countering the above argument, which assert
that in the contemporary period, with more awareness being created regarding the
environmental pollution and its implications, the traveling methods (both air and water) have
been becoming more sustainable (Doran and Larsen 2016). The environmental committees
have been designating various water regions as Emission Control Areas, with emission being
bounded to an upper limit, above which the ships are highly taxed. To comply with these
restrictions sustainable methods have been implemented by the shipping methods and many
of them are shifting to the usage of renewable energy resources (Merkisz, Pielecha and
Radzimirski 2016).
In spite of several measures taken by the government and environment protection
committees across the world, air and water pollution can still be seen to be dangerously high

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and a significant share of this pollution can be seen to be contributed by the consistently
increasing travelling, both domestic as well as international, which in turn has been facilitated
to a huge extent by the rising standard of living of the population in the general global
framework. The sulphur and NOx levels in the water as well as the level of polluted particles
and gas in the air can still be found to be high, thereby damaging the global environment
considerably (Fisher-Vanden and Olmstead 2013).
From the above discussion, it can thus be concluded that the increase in the overall
standard of living in the world as a whole, has several implications on both economic as well
as social domains, which in turn affects the environmental conditions of the world, mostly
negatively. While the economic effects include increase in manufacturing activities, due to
the changes in consumption and demand patterns which damages environment, the social
effects include that of the increase in the travelling activities, both domestic and international,
by air as well as by water routes, for which the environment is also damaged. Although there
are several instances showing opposite trends, in the generalised global framework, however,
the social and economic effects arising out of an improving standard of living are usually
detrimental to the overall environmental conditions of the globe.

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