Statistics for Business Decision Making

This solved assignment focuses on applying statistical methods to analyze ASX stock data. It includes tasks such as examining market capitalization trends, evaluating financial ratios like NP/TA, PS/TS, TC/TS, TL/TA, WC/TA, and OE/TL, performing hypothesis testing for bankruptcy prediction, and interpreting normality probability plots. The assignment also delves into confidence interval estimations and drawing conclusions based on statistical significance.

Statistics For Management Decision
Assignment - II
Student id
[Pick the date]

Question 1
(a) Table to represent quarterly opening prices for both the companies is shown below:
The respective stem and leaf pot is illustrated below:
(b) The respective graph is shown below:
1

0 to less
than 2 2 < 4 4 < 6 6 < 8 8 < 10 10 < 12 12 < 14 14 < 16 16 < 18
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Relative frequency histogram and Frequency
Polygon
Opening Quarterly Price
Relative frequency
(c) Market capitalisation (2016) for the five companies listed in ASX is furnished below:
2

Village Roadshow
Tatts Group
Star Entertainment Group
Aristocrat Leisure
Tasracing
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Bar Chart
Market Capitalization (Billion Australian Dollars)
Company NAME
(d) For Crown Resorts the majority recommendation seems to be holding the stock along
with a positive bias. This is reflected in the screenshot below.
Source: https://markets.ft.com/data/equities/tearsheet/forecasts?s=CWN:ASX
For the TAH stock, the majority recommendation seems to be to buy the stock as majority of the
analysts believe that it is going to be an outperformer.
Source: https://markets.ft.com/data/equities/tearsheet/forecasts?s=TAH:ASX
3

My views match the majority view. I am bullish on TAH primarily on account of the expected
gains from the merger and also improvement in competition position of the company.
Question 2
(a) Table for mean, median first quartile and third quartile for given data
(b) Table for range, standard deviation and coefficient of variation
(c) Box and whisker plot
4

CBA NAB ANZ WBC
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
Box - Whisker Plot
(d) It has come to the notice of APRA that the Australian banks are not adhering to stringent
lending norms which they must. Hence, this relatively reckless lending behaviour
especially in the form of mortgages is essentially raising the default risk. As a result, in
order to manage this increased risk, higher capital provisioning norm has been
recommended which effectively increases the Tier 1 capital by 1%. This would have a
negative impact on the net interest margins of the bank as the overall cost of funds would
increase.
Question 3
Data
5

(a) Discipline (most popular discipline, best student) = “Engineering and Related
Technologies”
The value of proportion = 30%
(b) Probability (student studying Society and Culture, ATAR score 80 or lower) =
¿ ( 2814 +2807+3806+5030
221060 )=0.0654 or 6.54%
(c) Discipline (highest proportion, lowest ATAR grade) = Education
The value of proportion = 7.30%
(d) Discipline (highest proportion; Non-ATAR/Non 12yrs) = Health (53%)
This might be on account of higher interest of these studies on physical health which persuades
them to take related courses in health.
Question 4
(a) Weekly rainfall is following Poisson distribution.
Total weeks = 52
Days on which rain has been reported = 135
6

Mean value = 135/52 = 2.596
(i) Probability ( given week in a year, no rainfall reported)
Probability P=e−μ μx /x !
Input values
No rainfall x=0
μ=2.596
μ=2.596
Probability P=e−2.596 ( 2.596 )0 /0!=0.0745
(ii) Probability (in a given week, rainfall reported in 2 or more than 2 days)
P ( x> ¿2 ) =1−P(x <2)
P ( x<2 ) =0.6299(¿ z table)
P ( x> ¿2 )=1− ( 0.6299 )=0.37
Hence, the requisite probability is 0.37.
(b) In this case, weekly rainfall is following normal distribution.
Mean (weekly rainfall) = 12.48
Standard deviation (weekly rainfall) = 14.58
(i) Probability (rainfall amount is between 8 mm and 16 mm)
x1=8 ,
x2=16
μ=12.48 ,
σ =14.58
7

P ( x1< x < x2 )=P ( 8<x <16 )=P ( 8−12.48<x−μ< 16−12.48 )
P ( Z1 < Z< Z2 )=P ( 8−12.48
2.021 < x−μ
σ < 16−12.48
2.021 )=P (−2.22< z <1.74 )
From z table P (−2.22< z<1.74 )=0.9459
Hence, there is 94.59% probability that rainfall amount would be between 8 to 16 mm.
(ii) Probability (amount of rainfall that only 12% of week have the respective amount or
higher than that amount would be reported)
Assume the rainfall is x mm and hence,
P ( amount of rainfall ( ¿ mm ) > x )=12 %
Z score for above probability value is -1.174, from NORMSINV ()
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Question 5
(a) NPP (Normality probability plots)
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
Normal Probability Plot : NP/TA
Data
Quantiles
-80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
Normal Probability Plot : WC/ TA
Data
Quantiles
9

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
Normality Probability Plot :
TL/TA
Data
Quantiles
-100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
-4
-2
0
2
4
Normal Probability Plot:
QE /TL
Data
Quantiles
-16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
Normal Probability Plot : PS/TS
Data
Quantiles
10

-5 0 5 10 15 20 25
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
Normal Probability Plot : TC/TS
Data
Quantiles
Comment of normality: For majority of the variables for which normality plot has been
highlighted, it is apparent that the overall trend is linear. This is despite the presence of
outliers which deviate from the trend but still approximation to normal distribution seems
fair for the given cases.
(b) 95% Confidence interval
Table Confidence interval
[-1.58 0.43]
[0.62 1]
[-0.21 0.12]
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[3.22 7.41]
[-0.13 -0.03]
[0.97 1.08]
(c)Hypothesis testing
Hypotheses
NP /TA P value (two tail) = 0.2065
Alpha = 5%
p value > alpha
Null hypothesis : Cannot
reject
Conclusion: There does
not exist a statistically
significant difference on
account of bankruptcy.
PS TS P value (two tail) = 00
12

Alpha = 5%
p value < alpha
Null hypothesis : reject
Conclusion: There does
exist a statistically
significant difference on
account of bankruptcy.
TC TS P value (two tail) = 00
Alpha = 5%
p value < alpha
Null hypothesis : reject
Conclusion: There does
exist a statistically
significant difference on
account of bankruptcy.
TL TA P value (two tail) = 0.0005
Alpha = 5%
p value < alpha
Null hypothesis : reject
Conclusion: There does
exist a statistically
significant difference on
account of bankruptcy.
WC TA P value (two tail) = 0.0007
Alpha = 5%
p value < alpha
Null hypothesis : reject
Conclusion: There does
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