Statistics: Database Development

A survey was conducted to find out the factors that depict the characteristics of an ideal manager. The survey questionnaire contained 9 close-ended questions, including demographic questions. The association between gender and the attributes of an ideal manager was analyzed. The most preferred characteristics for an ideal manager were good communication skills, leadership, and responsibility. The survey results showed no gender bias in perceptions about the attributes of an ideal manager.

Running head: STATISTICS
Statistics: Database Development
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Research Topic: ‘Whats your ideal manager?’
A survey was conducted using Survey Monkey to find out the factors that depict the
characteristics of an ideal manager. 23 people participated in the survey. The survey
questionnaire contained 9 close ended questions. There were 4 demographic questions, that
collected data on the age of the participants, gender profile, their employment status and whether
they have been ever employed as a manager. Rest 5 questions were subject specific. Question
number 5 provided 6 options that depicted attributes of an ideal manager, namely, good
communication skills, decisiveness, leadership, responsibility, technical expertise and non-micro
manager. The association between the gender variable and the attributes or characteristics that
make up a good manager is analyzed below.
Findings:
Figure 1: Gender profile of participants

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Figure 2: Characteristics that make up a good manager
The datasheet was exported to SPSS and the responses were converted into numeric
values by using replicable scales. The frequency of these variables was calculated using SPSS.
The frequency analysis output is shown below.

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5. a) Good communication skills
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Yes 22 95.7 95.7 95.7
No 1 4.3 4.3 100.0
Total 23 100.0 100.0
It is seen that 95.7% of the respondents voted for good communication skills as one of the major
characteristics of an ideal manager.
5. b) Leadership
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Yes 17 73.9 73.9 73.9
No 6 26.1 26.1 100.0
Total 23 100.0 100.0
73.9% of the respondents chose Leadership as another important attribute for an ideal manager.
5. c) Responsibility
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Yes 16 69.6 69.6 69.6
No 7 30.4 30.4 100.0
Total 23 100.0 100.0
69.6% respondents voted for responsibility as another significant feature of an ideal manager.
5. d) Decisiveness
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Yes 9 39.1 39.1 39.1
No 14 60.9 60.9 100.0
Total 23 100.0 100.0
Regarding Decisiveness as a feature, only 39.1% chose this option.

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5. e) Technical expertise
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Yes 2 8.7 8.7 8.7
No 21 91.3 91.3 100.0
Total 23 100.0 100.0
Technical expertise is considered as a must have attribute for an ideal manager by only 8.7%
which is very less.
5. f) Non micro manager
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Yes 3 13.0 13.0 13.0
No 20 87.0 87.0 100.0
Total 23 100.0 100.0
The attribute of non-micro manager is also considered as a non-significant aspect for an ideal
manager. Only 13% voted for this aspect.
Thus, it can be said that the most preferred characteristics for an ideal manager includes
good communication skills, leadership and responsibility. As stated by Braun et al. (2017), good
communication skills enable the manager to convey any personal or professional message to the
employees in an effective manner without affecting their sentiments negatively. Similarly, a
good leader can motivate the employees and inspire them to enhance their productivity and
performance (Glinkowska & Kaczmarek, 2017). Lastly, a manager can become ideal when he
shows his responsible nature towards his job and implementing a positive and supportive
environment for the employees to explore their full potential and maintain their commitment
towards the job. These aspects have reflected in the survey responses and its frequency analysis.

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The following cross tabulation tables depict the perceptions of male and female
participants regarding the characteristics of an ideal manager. This provides an idea about
whether gender plays any role in creating perceptions about ideal manager.
2. What is your gender? * 5. a) Good communication skills Crosstabulation
Count
5. a) Good communication skills Total
Yes No
2. What is your gender? Female 11 0 11
Male 11 1 12
Total 22 1 23
2. What is your gender? * 5. b) Leadership Crosstabulation
Count
5. b) Leadership Total
Yes No
2. What is your gender? Female 9 2 11
Male 8 4 12
Total 17 6 23
2. What is your gender? * 5. c) Responsibility Crosstabulation
Count
5. c) Responsibility Total
Yes No
2. What is your gender? Female 6 5 11
Male 10 2 12
Total 16 7 23

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2. What is your gender? * 5. d) Decisiveness Crosstabulation
Count
5. d) Decisiveness Total
Yes No
2. What is your gender? Female 4 7 11
Male 5 7 12
Total 9 14 23
2. What is your gender? * 5. e) Technical expertise Crosstabulation
Count
5. e) Technical expertise Total
Yes No
2. What is your gender? Female 0 11 11
Male 2 10 12
Total 2 21 23
2. What is your gender? * 5. f) Non micro manager Crosstabulation
Count
5. f) Non micro manager Total
Yes No
2. What is your gender? Female 3 8 11
Male 0 12 12
Total 3 20 23
It is seen from the above tables that almost equal number of male and female participants voted
for good communication skills, leadership and responsibility as the most significant
characteristics of an ideal manager. Hence, there is no gender biasness about the perceptions on
the attributes of an ideal manager.

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References
Braun, S., Stegmann, S., Hernandez Bark, A. S., Junker, N. M., & van Dick, R. (2017). Think
manager—think male, think follower—think female: Gender bias in implicit followership
theories. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 47(7), 377-388.
Glinkowska, B., & Kaczmarek, B. (2017). The image of the manager-leader of the near future-an
outline of the issues. Management, 21(1), 111-119.