Statistics. Student Name:. Instructor Name:. Course Num

Statistics
Student Name:
Instructor Name:
Course Number:
25th May 2019
Introduction

The weight of the baby at birth is determined by many factors. Some studies
have shown that the kind of food stuffs consumed by the mother during the
pregnancy have a direct effect on the weight of the baby they are likely to give
birth to. A part from food other factors believed to impact the weight of the baby
include the alcohol consumption by the mother or the smoking nature of the
mother. During pregnancy, heavy alcohol consumption has consistently
associated with inhibited intra-uterine growth, but the social drinking effect is not
yet clear. Previous results have shown that there is a negative relationship
between alcohol consumption and the birth weight (Testa, Quigley, & Eiden,
2013). Another factor that is believed to have an effect on the birth weight is the
smoking by the mothers. Many studies have reported that smoking among
pregnant women impacts the weight of the baby hence just like the case of the
alcohol consumption, there is a negative relationship between the weight of the
baby at birth and the smoking nature of the mother (Prins , Hylkema , Huitema ,
& Dekkema, 2012). This study sought to investigate the relationship that exists
between the birth weight of the babies based on whether the mother consumed
alcohol or not. Also we sought to find out whether smoking influences the weight
of the baby at birth.
Results and findings
Descriptive statistics
First we present the descriptive statistics where we look at the distribution of the
birthweight. A histogram showing the distribution of birthweight is presented
below. The histogram uses a weight intervals of< =1000, 1001-1500, 1501-
2000, 2001-2500, 2501-3000, 3001-3500, 3501-4000, 4001-4500, 4501+. Table
1 below presents the frequency distribution table below;Table 1: Frequency distribution table
Class Freque
ncy
Cumulati
ve
frequenc
y
relative
frequen
cy
Cumulative
relative
frequency
<=1000 27 27 0.58% 0.58%
1001-1500 20 47 0.43% 1.01%
1501-2000 46 93 0.99% 2.00%
2001-2500 187 280 4.03% 6.03%
2501-3000 749 1029 16.14% 22.18%
3001-3500 1709 2738 36.83% 59.01%
3501-4000 1411 4149 30.41% 89.42%
4001-4500 409 4558 8.81% 98.23%
4501+ 82 4640 1.77% 100.00%
4640 100.00%

Figure 1: Histogram for birth weight
The figure above presents a histogram for the birth weight. As can be seen, the
histogram shows that the data is skewed to the left (negatively skewed) as it
has a longer tail to the left.
Summary statistics
In this section, we present the summary statistics which includes the mean and
standard deviation of the birthweight of babies in the sample. Results are
presented in table 2 below.
Table 2: summary statistics
Birth weight
Mean
3363.6
43
Standard Error
8.7097
87
Median 3390
Mode 3459
Standard Deviation
593.41
72
Sample Variance
352143
.9
Kurtosis
8.9330
13
Skewness -0.154
Range 9659
Minimum 340
Maximum 9999
Sum
156140
29
Count 4642
Confidence Level
(95.0%)
17.075
32