Strategic Information Systems for Business and Enterprise

This document provides an overview of strategic information systems for businesses and enterprises. It covers topics such as transaction cycles, financial reporting, management report systems, e-commerce, and risks in computer-based systems. The importance of ethics in a business enterprise and security measures are also discussed.

Strategic Information Systems for Business and Enterprise
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Executive summary
According to (Archer, and Yuan, 2010) an effective data framework makes an effect on the
association's, execution, capacity and effectiveness. Nowadays, data framework and data
innovation have became an indispensable piece of any successful business and is seen as a
noteworthy utilitarian region like some other practical zones, an example being, promoting,
account, generation and HR, and so forth. Subsequently, it is essential to understand the elements
of a data framework simply like some other utilitarian zone in business. A very much kept up
data frame, the board data framework bolsters the association at various dimensions. Numerous
organizations are utilizing data framework that cross the limits of customary business works so
as to re-build and improve fundamental business forms all over the undertaking.

Table of Contents
Executive summary.........................................................................................................................1
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Transaction cycle.............................................................................................................................3
Financial reporting...........................................................................................................................4
Management report systems............................................................................................................5
E-commerce.....................................................................................................................................8
Risks in computer-based systems....................................................................................................8
Importance of ethics in a business enterprise................................................................................10
Security measures..........................................................................................................................10
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................11
References......................................................................................................................................11

Introduction
An accounting data framework is a structure that a business uses to gather, store, oversee,
process, recover and report its money related information so it very well may be utilized by
bookkeepers, experts, business examiners, supervisors, CFOs, inspectors, controllers and
expense offices. Uncommonly prepared bookkeepers work inside and out with bookkeeping data
framework to guarantee the most elevated amount of precision in an organization's money
related exchanges and record-keeping, just as make budgetary information effectively accessible
to the individuals who really need access to it — all while keeping information unblemished and
secure. A bookkeeping data framework is commonly a PC based technique for following
bookkeeping action related to data innovation assets. The subsequent money related reports can
be utilized inside by the executives or remotely by other invested individuals including
speculators, lenders and expense experts. Accounting information structures are planned to help
all accounting limits and activities including reviewing, monetary bookkeeping and detailing,
administrative/the executives bookkeeping and duty (Arik Ragowsky, 2012). The most broadly
embraced bookkeeping data frameworks are examining and budgetary announcing modules. The
heads of an association use the administration cycle to enable an association to meet its
objectives with time. The bookkeeping data framework contains procedures, information sources
and yields to detect and dissect, record, abridge and layout of site.

Transaction cycle
An exchange cycle is a system used in an interlocking arrangement of business exchanges. Most
business exchanges can be put together into a moderately modest number of exchange cycles
identified with the clearance of business goods, installments to providers, installments to
workers, and installments to loan specialists.
The following are the transaction cycles:
Sales cycle. An organization gets a request from a client, inspects the request for financial
soundness, ships products or gives administrations to the client, issues a receipt, and gathers
installment. This arrangement of consecutive, interrelated exercises is known as the business
cycle, or income cycle (Issa, Flood and Caglasin, 2013).
Purchasing cycle is a very important cycle we should visit. There are a few auxiliary practises,
for example, the usage of insignificant funds or acquisition, debit and credit cards for littler buys.
This system of successive, interrelated doings is known as the gaining cycle, or consumption
cycle.
Accounting cycle. An organization or rather an institution records the times of its
representatives, confirms the overtime worked, ascertains net pay, deducts charges and different
retentions, and issues checks to representatives. Other related functions incorporate the
installment of retained salary expenses to the administration, just as the issuance of yearly w-2
structures to representatives. This bunch of exercises is known as the finance cycle (Klamm and
Weidenmier, 2014).
Again, financing cycle is another topic we should look in to. An institution gives mandate
instruments to loan specialists. Additionally, an organization issues stock to financial specialists,
in return for intermittent profit installments and different payouts if the element is disintegrated.
These groups of exchanges are more assorted than the first exchange cycles, however may
include generously more cash.
A key job of the bookkeeper is to plan a fitting arrangement of methods, frames, and coordinated
controls for every one of these exchange cycles, to alleviate the open doors for extortion and
guarantee that exchanges are handled in as dependable and steady a way as could be expected
under the circumstances.

Financial reporting
Budget summaries (or monetary reports) are formal records of the money related exercises and
position of a business, individual, or other substance. Applicable monetary data is introduced in
an organized way and in a structure which is straightforward (O'brien. and Marakas 2015). They
regularly incorporate four fundamental budget summaries joined by an administration dialog and
examination. A monetary record or explanation of budgetary position, gives an account of an
organization's advantages, liabilities, and proprietors value at a given point in time.
A salary proclamation—or benefit and misfortune report or articulation of complete pay, or
explanation of income and cost—gives an account of an organization's pay, costs, and benefits
over an expressed timeframe. A benefit and misfortune explanation gives data on the task of the
endeavor. These incorporate deals and the different costs acquired amid the expressed period.
An announcement of changes in value or value explanation, or proclamation of held income,
investigates the adjustments in value of the organization over an expressed timeframe.
An income articulation provides details regarding an organization's income exercises, especially
its working, contributing and financing exercises over an expressed timeframe. The target of
budget reports is to give data about the money related position, execution and changes in
budgetary position of an endeavor that is helpful to a wide scope of clients in settling on
financial choices. budget reports ought to be reasonable, important, dependable and practically
identical. Announced resources, liabilities, value, pay and costs are straightforwardly identified
with an association's monetary position.
Fiscal reports are proposed to be justifiable by readers who have a sensible learning of business
and monetary exercises and bookkeeping and who are eager to think about the data constantly.
fiscal reports might be utilized by clients for various purposes:
Proprietors and chiefs require fiscal reports to settle on significant business choices that
influence its proceeded with tasks. Budgetary examination is then performed on these
announcements to furnish the executives with an increasingly definite comprehension of the
figures. These announcements are likewise utilized as a feature of the executives' yearly report to
the investors (Sarkis and Sundarraj, 2010).

Workers likewise need these reports in making aggregate haggling concurrences with the
administration, on account of worker's organizations or for people in examining their pay,
advancement and rankings. Imminent speculators utilize fiscal summaries to survey the
practicality of putting resources into a business. Money related examinations are frequently
utilized by speculators and are set up by experts (monetary investigators), accordingly furnishing
them with the reason for settling on venture choices. Money related organizations (banks and
other loaning organizations) use them to choose whether to give an organization with crisp
working capital or expand obligation securities, (for example, a long haul bank advance or
debentures) to back extension and other huge uses.
Management report systems
Venture report the board is a procedure that includes giving generous data to the chiefs in an
association to enable them to settle on business choices. The primary objective of big business
revealing or the board detailing is to supply significant convenient data to directors in a powerful
manner. The reports all things considered show up as graphs, substance and tables. Once in a
while information may similarly be appropriated on the web as invigorated site pages, generally
called endeavor entryways. The board revealing frameworks help in catching information that is
required by directors to maintain a powerful business. Information could run from money related
information, representative headcount, customer, accounts, items, customer resources in
authority, speculation execution, and so forth. The extent of an administration detailing
framework is wide. In any case, here are the six reasons why an endeavor needs a successful
administration revealing framework:
Consistent need of reports for basic leadership and investigation of patterns.
Reports being inaccessible with the correct partners at the perfect time.
Absence of perceivability and a solitary all-encompassing perspective on the endeavor execution.
Information repetition, duplication of information prompting information the executives and
quality issues prompting blunder inclined reports (Seethamraju, 2017).
High esteem assets
Changing a worldwide report to fit nearby needs

A compelling administration announcing framework helps the business venture in the
accompanying:
Improve basic leadership
Improves the board viability
Improves responsiveness to issues
Improve effectiveness of assets in the conveyance of hierarchical administrations
Customarily, frameworks were just used to pull up data (Rom and Rohde, 2016). Be that as it
may, the framework has experienced gigantic change throughout the years, making it a hearty
stage for detailing and the executives. Because of the headway in innovation, it would now be
able to give money related and non-monetary data, which can enable administration to make the
essential move to control their business action.
Conventional accounting exercises would now be able to be computerized, because of the
progression in it. The framework assumes a more noteworthy job in helping the executives take
great business choices. It helps in:
Distinguishing the issue
Assess exchange arrangements
Execute the best arrangement
Audit execution
A framework ought to have the capacity to create great reports: they ought to be produced in an
opportune way, ought to have the best possible progression of data, and ought to be in the right
organization.
The framework should be sufficiently adaptable to conform to every one of the prerequisites that
are made by the client. It ought to likewise give bits of knowledge whether deviations from
predefined principles or assessments happen. It ought to do all these while being prudent to the
association. Restriction of reports helps in keeping them straightforward. Endeavors should focus
more on restricting their frameworks, as it improves detailing. This helps in taking better choices
for every territory or area.

A framework is relied upon to be exact. There shouldn't be any errors regarding announcing.
These frameworks assess an organization's outcome at some random point in time, consequently
they should be exact (O'Brien, 2018). The reports that are created by the frameworks will be
utilized by senior administration, all the more so c level administrators – accordingly the
requirement for exactness is high!
An administration announcing framework is just powerful when it expeditiously creates reports.
In the event that it doesn't deliver reports when required, there is no point of having an
administration detailing framework. With the innovation that is accessible, endeavors can get
data quicker and all the more frequently.
A vital factor for any administration revealing framework is for it to be savvy. Reports from this
framework ought to never be too hard to even think about assembling. Additionally, they ought
to have the capacity to legitimize their expenses. Being financially savvy can be the central
factor for endeavors to select a framework.
At last, reports that are produced from the framework should enable the administration to take
educated choices. Which means, the reports ought to be point by point enough to tell the board
where the following change ought to be (Shang and Seddon, 2012).
There will be a steady need among officials to acquire the freshest data in the most definite and
advantageous way that could be available. In this way, in light of the consistently evolving
parameters, new reports ought to be proactively made or the vital changes must be done to the
current reports itself.
Likewise, a computerized conveyance of reports in light of the hierarchical order levels is a basic
contributing variable for the accomplishment of a framework.
At long last, a powerful administration revealing framework ought to keep up an abnormal state
of consistency regarding the reports' look and believe and the innovation, apparatuses and forms
utilized for all reports (Seddon, Calvert and Yang, 2010).

E-commerce
This alludes to the utilization of the web, web, intranets, extranets or some mix thereof to direct
business. E-business is like web based business, yet it goes past the basic purchasing and selling
of items and administrations on the web. E-business incorporates a lot more extensive scope of
organizations forms, for example, production network the board, electronic request preparing and
client relationship the executives. E-business forms, in this manner, can help organizations to
work all the more viably and productively.
Risks in computer-based systems
A hazard is a shortcoming which can be misused by a risk entertainer, for example, an assailant,
to perform unapproved activities inside a PC framework. To abuse a helplessness, an assailant
must have no less than one relevant apparatus or method that can associate with a framework
shortcoming. In this edge, powerlessness is otherwise called the assault surface.
A security chance is regularly erroneously delegated a powerlessness. The utilization of
powerlessness with a similar importance of hazard can prompt disarray. The hazard is the
capability of a noteworthy effect coming about because of the endeavor of a powerlessness. At
that point there are vulnerabilities without hazard: for instance, when the influenced resource has
no esteem. A powerlessness with at least one known examples of working and completely
executed assaults is named an exploitable defenselessness—a weakness for which an endeavor
exists. The window of helplessness is the time from when the security gap was presented or
showed in sent programming, to when get to was expelled, a security fix was
accessible/conveyed (Huang and Hu, 2017).
Internet business faces significant dangers including the accompanying:
Online security
There is an entire scope of security dangers out there to be careful with, including malware,
phishing assaults, hacking and spam mail.
Framework unwavering quality
The network access supplier server could crash, your online installment framework could
indicate mistakes and the internet business module could have bugs.

But keeping every single working framework refreshed, these are only a few things that may
occur outside of our control.
Protection issues
Clients' own information could be undermined and utilized for spamming, fraud and spontaneous
promoting.
Notwithstanding the online safety efforts recently referenced, make a point to expect clients to
utilize solid passwords.
Client debate
A client probably won't have gotten their request, their MasterCard was charged twice, or the
item their got didn't fit the online depiction.
Regardless of whether the client is correct or not, it's critical to dependably have incredible client
administration and to amend every single imaginable slip-up that were made.
Charge card fraud
Somebody could utilize a stolen charge card to make an online buy, or a programmer could
utilize stolen credit information from different clients in your framework.
Regardless of how great your online safety efforts are, dependably look out for any suspicious
exchanges.
Importance of ethics in a business enterprise
Morals concern a person's ethical decisions about good and bad. Choices taken inside an
association might be made by people or gatherings, yet whoever makes them will be affected by
the way of life of the organization. The choice to act morally is an ethical one; representatives
must choose what they believe is the correct game-plan. This may include dismissing the course
that would prompt the greatest momentary benefit (Liang, Saraf, Hu and Xue, 2017).
Moral conduct is a basic piece of everything that any organization and institution gives much
wait. Treating partners reasonably is viewed as a key move towards a business success, as
portrayed here: a partner in a business or an organization have got a lot of information

concerning the business. The partners can also be having great shares in the organization This
therefore makes the partners a key object in the running and the success of a business at large.
Security measures
Pick of a protected web based business stage. "put your web based business webpage on a stage
that utilizes a modern article orientated programming language.
Touchy information ought not be shared. "there is no motivation to store a large number of
records on your clients, particularly MasterCard numbers, lapse dates. Utilize a location and card
confirmation framework. "empower a location confirmation framework and require the card
check an incentive for MasterCard exchanges to lessen deceitful charges.
Set up framework cautions for suspicious action. "set an alarm see for different and suspicious
exchanges coming through from a similar ip address (Grabski, Leech and Schmidt, 2011).
Give security preparing to representatives. Workers "need to realize they ought to never email or
content touchy information or uncover private client data in visit sessions as none of these
specialized strategies is secure.
Conclusion
A decent correspondence and joint effort system can set aside extra cash. The ability to get assets
from outside the organization depends on the relationship of the organization and the other
surrounding partners. If the organization has a good relationship with the other partners it is
therefore in a good position to get assets. The administrators of the organization also has great
impact on the prosperity of the organization. It is through the administrators strategies that the
objectives are achieved.

References
Archer, N. and Yuan, Y., 2010. Managing business-to-business relationships throughout the e-
commerce procurement life cycle. Internet research, 10(5), pp.385-395.
Arik Ragowsky, T.M.S., 2012. Enterprise resource planning. Journal of Management
Information Systems, 19(1), pp.11-15.
Grabski, S.V., Leech, S.A. and Schmidt, P.J., 2011. A review of ERP research: A future agenda
for accounting information systems. Journal of information systems, 25(1), pp.37-78.
Huang, C.D. and Hu, Q., 2017. Achieving IT-business strategic alignment via enterprise-wide
implementation of balanced scorecards. Information Systems Management, 24(2), pp.173-184.
Issa, R.R.A., Flood, I. and Caglasin, G., 2013. A survey of e-business implementation in the US
construction industry. Journal of Information Technology in Construction (ITcon), 8(2), pp.15-
28.
Liang, H., Saraf, N., Hu, Q. and Xue, Y., 2017. Assimilation of enterprise systems: the effect of
institutional pressures and the mediating role of top management. MIS quarterly, pp.59-87.
Luftman, J.N., Lewis, P.R. and Oldach, S.H., 2013. Transforming the enterprise: The alignment
of business and information technology strategies. IBM systems journal, 32(1), pp.198-221.
Klamm, B.K. and Weidenmier, M.L., 2014. Linking business processes and transaction
cycles. Journal of Information Systems, 18(2), pp.113-125.
O'brien, J.A. and Marakas, G.M., 2015. Introduction to information systems (Vol. 13). New York
City, USA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
O'Brien, J.A., 2018. Management information systems: Managing information technology in the
networked enterprise. McGraw-Hill Professional.
Sarkis, J. and Sundarraj, R.P., 2010. Factors for strategic evaluation of enterprise information
technologies. International journal of physical distribution & logistics management, 30(3/4),
pp.196-220.
Seethamraju, R., 2017. Enterprise systems (ES) software in business school curriculum-
evaluation of design and delivery. Journal of Information Systems Education, 18(1), p.69.

Seddon, P.B., Calvert, C. and Yang, S., 2010. A multi-project model of key factors affecting
organizational benefits from enterprise systems. MIS quarterly, 34(2), pp.305-328.
Shang, S. and Seddon, P.B., 2012. Assessing and managing the benefits of enterprise systems:
the business manager's perspective. Information systems journal, 12(4), pp.271-299.
Rom, A. and Rohde, C., 2016. Enterprise resource planning systems, strategic enterprise
management systems and management accounting: A Danish study. Journal of Enterprise
Information Management, 19(1), pp.50-66.

Data flow diagram of purchases and cash disbursements systems

Data flow diagram of payroll system
Hours Worked
Hours worked Employee personal data
Personal data
Employee record
Accounting details Acc. details Pay cheques
Supervisor Batching
System
Personnel
System
Employee
Salary
Generation
System
Employee Database
Accounting Data

System flowchart of purchases system
Valid credit card?
Insufficient funds?
Transaction
Received
Receive
Customer Profile
Customer
Preferences
Correct credit
card details
Provide alternative
credit card
Fulfil
Order
Inventory
Sales
system
Send Customer
Confirmation

System flowchart of cash disbursements system

System flowchart of payroll system