Compilation of References and Resources

This assignment involves compiling a list of references and resources related to various topics in the fields of risk analysis, knowledge management, data analysis, and more. The provided text snippet appears to be a collection of book titles, research papers, and articles, which are likely being cited or referenced in some context. The compilation seems to cover a wide range of topics, including statistical methods, business ethics, reliability engineering, and global sensitivity analysis. The resources listed appear to be relevant to students and researchers looking for materials on these subjects.

Running head: STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP
Strategic Management and Leadership
Name of Student
Name of University
Author Note

1STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP
Table of Contents
Question 1: Key features of a knowledge management system (KMS)....................................2
Question 2: Strategies for measuring the effectiveness of the KMS in meeting organisational
objectives....................................................................................................................................2
Question 3: Examples of adjustments that might be required to a KMS to meet organisational
objectives, policies and procedures, and legislation..................................................................2
Question 4: Describing a range of existing and emerging technologies used in knowledge and
information management that ensure optimum efficiency and quality......................................3
Question 5: Identifying two types of business problems and describing a process for
analysing business problems or issues.......................................................................................3
Question 6: Test for reliability, validity and sufficiency...........................................................3
Question 7: Describing the range of strategies that might be used to collect data from staff
and customers to help improve plans and processes..................................................................4
Question 8: Listing the steps involved in reviewing data from staff feedback..........................4
Question 9: Explaining statistical analysis and the steps in conducting a statistical analysis. . .4
Question 10: Explaining two statistical and other quantitative analysis methods used for
decision-making.........................................................................................................................5
Question 11: Explaining sensitivity analysis and when a sensitivity analysis may be used......5
Question 12: Explaining the role of quantitative data in the decision-making process and
explaining the application of quantitative data analysis methods relevant to the decision-
making process...........................................................................................................................6
Question 13: Defining the term ‘risk analysis’..........................................................................6

2STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP
Question 14: Describing the need for risk management and explaining the role of a risk
management plan and the ways to use a risk management plan to determine an acceptable
course of action..........................................................................................................................6
Question 15: Explaining the range of specialists and other relevant groups to consult when
making a decision and provide one example of the reason for their inclusion..........................7
Question 16: Explaining the importance of monitoring and reviewing organisational policies
and procedures to ensure they adhere to legislative requirements when implementing and
managing change........................................................................................................................7
Question 17: Strategies that can be used to ensure decisions are made in a timely manner......7
Question 18: Aspects that must be considered in order to disseminate information so that it
meets the needs of the recipient.................................................................................................8
Question 19: Questions that should be asked to ensure the privacy and confidentiality of
information that is disseminated to others.................................................................................8
Question 20: Importance to update communication plan..........................................................8
Question 21: Importance to maintain and secure corporate knowledge....................................9
Reference..................................................................................................................................10

3STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP
Question 1: Key features of a knowledge management system (KMS)
According to Dalkir and Beaulieu (2017), Knowledge Management System (KMS)
holds certain features that are essential for maintaining its effectiveness among people. Some
of the features include a simple search engine that is accessible to every people. The people
accessing the information must have a choice to make comments have an option to post
questions regarding any type of query. These features can help in the effective
implementation of the knowledge management system that can help individuals in gaining
information about a particular topic.
Question 2: Strategies for measuring the effectiveness of the KMS in meeting
organisational objectives
The purpose of implementing a knowledge management system within organisations
is to ensure that the members of an organisation attain appropriate knowledge. The
measurement of this can be made by conducting an evaluation of the knowledge attained by
the employees. This can be done by providing situational tests that underline the knowledge
gained by the employees. However, as stated by Liebowitz and Frank (2016) effectiveness
can also be determined by understanding the improvement shown by the employees in terms
of skills by evaluating the performance of the employees at the space of three to six months.
Question 3: Examples of adjustments that might be required to a KMS to meet
organisational objectives, policies and procedures, and legislation
One of the major adjustments that need to be done by the KMS in organisations is that
it needs to ensure the fact that organisational objectives and policies are not compromised.
Hence, the KMS strategy needs to be formed based on the objectives of an organisation
(Donate & de Pablo, 2015). The legislation of a country state that the KMS strategy that is

4STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP
formulated in an organisation complies with legal laws laid down by the Government. This
includes restriction of the unauthorised use of the KMS process.
Question 4: Describing a range of existing and emerging technologies used in knowledge
and information management that ensure optimum efficiency and quality
Personal devices can be used in an effective manner to ensure that quality regarding
the KMS can maintain. However, it needs to be kept in mind that the devices that are used
must have a strong internet connection as in the modern world; gaining knowledge via online
method is an essential part. Moreover, being connected to social media can help in analysing
the thoughts of the customers thereby enhancing the reputation of an organisation (Lehmann
& Joseph, 2015).
Question 5: Identifying two types of business problems and describing a process for
analysing business problems or issues
Two types of problems that may arise in business include threats from competitors
and threat from customers. Both the scenarios have a negative impact on an organisation and
based on that organisations may suffer a huge loss. However, as stated by Shaw and Barry
(2015) mitigation techniques exist that provide organisations with an opportunity to rectify
the error. These include providing quality efforts to the customers and monitoring the
strategies employed by the competitors. This can be done by effective planning and
management of resources.
Question 6: Test for reliability, validity and sufficiency
Information can be tested for reliability, validity and sufficiency by comparing it with
other sources. Information obtained from the internet and feedback from the customers may
not always provide organisations with the information that they seek. The test of the three

5STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP
factors can be done by asking adequate and lengthy questions in the form survey
(Csikszentmihalyi & Larson, 2014). The responses of one part of the market can be compared
with other target markets of an organisation. The validity can be tested based on the longevity
of the information provided by the customers.
Question 7: Describing the range of strategies that might be used to collect data from
staff and customers to help improve plans and processes.
Data can be collected in the form of survey or interview. According to Gelman et al.
(2014), the data collected from customers needs to be done by getting permission from the
customers. The staffs can be interviewed and a feedback form can be provided to them so that
they can convey their thoughts. The survey questionnaires need to be precise and short so that
customers can provide quick response to the questions. However, neither the customers nor
the staffs can be forced to take the survey by the organisations.
Question 8: Listing the steps involved in reviewing data from staff feedback
As stated by Chambers (2018) data received from the staffs need to be reviewed so
that analysis can be done for the betterment of the organisation. However, it needs to be done
in a systematic manner so that effective reviewing of the feedback form can take place. In
this regard, it can be said that review can be done by arranging the feedback forms based on
the manner in which it has been submitted. The majority of the responses need to be
calculated and comparison needs to be made with the options that have yielded less response.
Question 9: Explaining statistical analysis and the steps in conducting a statistical
analysis
Statistical analysis is considered as a component of data analysis that involves the
collection and assessment of every sample of data. The feedback from the employees and the

6STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP
customers are collected and analysed using tools that involve calculating the number of
responses in a variety of ways (Schabenberger & Gotway, 2017). Statistical analysis needs to
be done after collecting the entire set of samples required for effective results. Based on the
requirement of an organisation, a statistical analyst uses tools for calculating the responses
provided by the employees and customers.
Question 10: Explaining two statistical and other quantitative analysis methods used for
decision-making
Two most popular methods used for decision-making in an organisation can be the
calculation of mean and mode. These two methods help in predicting the ways by which the
responses of the individuals can develop in the market. Busk and Marascuilo (2015) stated
that regression analysis could be used for quantitative analysis of the decision-making
process.
Question 11: Explaining sensitivity analysis and when a sensitivity analysis may be used
Sensitivity analysis is the technique that is used to identify the different values that
exist in an independent variable. The impact it has on a dependent variable is calculated
based o the assumptions of a particular given set. According to Iooss and Lemaître (2015),
sensitivity analysis help in the decision-making process of an organisation and identifies the
risks that are involved while formulating a strategy. It helps in making informed and
appropriate decision. The errors that occur while implementing various models within an
organisation are also calculated by using this analysis technique.

7STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP
Question 12: Explaining the role of quantitative data in the decision-making process
and explaining the application of quantitative data analysis methods relevant to the
decision-making process
Quantitative data analysis involves the secondary analysis of the data. This analysis is
done based on the financial capability of an organisation, by using the complex method of
statistical and mathematical models. In the case of decision-making strategies, quantitative
data analysis can be used to identify the stocks and finances that exist in a company. Based
on this analysis the decisions regarding investment and future budget are made. Thus, the
application of quantitative data analysis is effective for an organisation (Little & Rubin
2014).
Question 13: Defining the term ‘risk analysis’
According to Modarres, Kaminskiy and Krivtsov (2016), risk analysis is considered
as the process by which dangers that may arise from the business and natural environment
along with human threats are analysed. The dangers posed by these threats are analysed by
using various tools and techniques that are related to the objectives of an organisation. The
process by which the risks are reported can be both quantitative and qualitative.
Question 14: Describing the need for risk management and explaining the role of a risk
management plan and the ways to use a risk management plan to determine an
acceptable course of action
The need for risk management is to make the organisations aware of the potential
dangers that may befall it if strategies are not adopted to mitigate the threats. The risk
management plan needs to be such that every risk starting for low to high are identified
(Aven, 2015). The potential threats that may befall an organisation are rated according to the
impact it creates in the functioning of an organisation.

8STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP
Question 15: Explaining the range of specialists and other relevant groups to consult
when making a decision and provide one example of the reason for their inclusion
The importance of consultation in decision-making is the fact that the different
opinions can be obtained from different people. According to Snyder and Diesing (2015), in
an organisation, different people can provide different opinions as the thoughts and ideas of
these people are different from one another. Hence, specialists are created so that consultation
can be done based on the problems that exist within that particular group. For example, a
specialist in the marketing department can provide suggestions based on the promotion and
price strategy that needs to be maintained in an organisation.
Question 16: Explaining the importance of monitoring and reviewing organisational
policies and procedures to ensure they adhere to legislative requirements when
implementing and managing change
As stated by Lima et al. (2017) organisational policies and procedures need to be
provided with more importance because of the fact that in the case of implementing changes,
the employees or the employers do not violate any code of conduct. The legislative
requirement as stated in the legal acts needs to be reviewed and updated from time to time so
that organisations do not fall backdated in the legal proceedings that undergo in a region.
Question 17: Strategies that can be used to ensure decisions are made in a timely
manner
Sometimes it is seen that while implementing decisions it becomes difficult for
managers to maintain time. This is mainly because of the fact that the decisions need to be
reviewed in a proper manner before its implementation. This provides loss of time as without
proper analysis decisions cannot be made. However, Allen, Sui and Parker (2017) stated that
strategies could be made so that decisions can be made in a timely manner. The strategies

9STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP
include making the decisions before the time so that small changes can be made in the
decisions.
Question 18: Aspects that must be considered in order to disseminate information so
that it meets the needs of the recipient
To ensure that information is transferred from one person to another in an effective
manner certain aspects need to be considered. This includes proper communication with the
recipients via the communication processes (Garcia et al. 2015). The communication plan
needs to be such that the transfer of information can be done in a smooth manner without any
glitches. The needs of the recipient are that the message needs to be transferred in a proper
manner so that the message can be understood for its proper purpose.
Question 19: Questions that should be asked to ensure the privacy and confidentiality of
information that is disseminated to others
One of the main concerns among people while using the internet to transfer from one
person to another is the privacy and confidentiality of information. This concern is mainly
due to the result of the existence of internet frauds. Hence, certain questions need to be asked
that highlights the privacy and confidentiality of information (Bennett & Raab, 2017).
Personal questions need to be asked to the recipient before the display of the full message.
Hence, the coding needs to be done in a manner that requires the answer to the personal
questions before decrypting the message.
Question 20: Importance to update communication plan
A communication plan is important to maintain effective sharing of thoughts and
ideas with employees and employers. Communication plan provides opportunities for senders
and receivers to continue the transferring of messages in a proper and timely manner (Lipman

10STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP
& Ashlock, 2015). The reason for updating communication plan in an organisation is that
updated technology can have an effective impact on the communication process. An updated
communication plan can help the company to remain free from hackers.
Question 21: Importance to maintain and secure corporate knowledge
According to Beaverstock (2017), corporate knowledge can be secured by ensuring
that protecting the information system using a proper firewall. The reason behind the
importance of securing this knowledge is so that competitors cannot use any knowledge to
gain a competitive advantage. Hence, security needs to be maintained so that the information
regarding various strategies is protected.

11STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP
Reference
Allen, T. T., Sui, Z., & Parker, N. L. (2017). Timely decision analysis enabled by efficient
social media modeling. Decision Analysis, 14(4), 250-260.
Aven, T. (2015). Risk analysis. John Wiley & Sons.
Beaverstock, J. V. (2017). The Spatial Mobility of Corporate Knowledge: Expatriation,
Global Talent, and the World City. In Mobilities of Knowledge (pp. 227-246).
Springer, Cham.
Bennett, C. J., & Raab, C. D. (2017). The governance of privacy: Policy instruments in
global perspective. Routledge.
Busk, P. L., & Marascuilo, L. A. (2015). Statistical analysis in single-case research. Single-
Case Research Design and Analysis (Psychology Revivals): New Directions for
Psychology and Education, 159.
Chambers, J. M. (2018). Graphical methods for data analysis. CRC Press.
Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Larson, R. (2014). Validity and reliability of the experience-
sampling method. In Flow and the foundations of positive psychology (pp. 35-54).
Springer Netherlands.
Dalkir, K., & Beaulieu, M. (2017). Knowledge management in theory and practice. MIT
press.
Donate, M. J., & de Pablo, J. D. S. (2015). The role of knowledge-oriented leadership in
knowledge management practices and innovation. Journal of Business
Research, 68(2), 360-370.

12STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP
Garcia, J., Martinel, N., Micheloni, C., & Gardel, A. (2015). Person re-identification ranking
optimisation by discriminant context information analysis. In Proceedings of the
IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (pp. 1305-1313).
Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, H. S., Dunson, D. B., Vehtari, A., & Rubin, D. B.
(2014). Bayesian data analysis (Vol. 2). Boca Raton, FL: CRC press.
Iooss, B., & Lemaître, P. (2015). A review on global sensitivity analysis methods.
In Uncertainty management in simulation-optimization of complex systems (pp. 101-
122). Springer, Boston, MA.
Lehmann, J., & Joseph, S. (Eds.). (2015). Biochar for environmental management: science,
technology and implementation. Routledge.
Liebowitz, J., & Frank, M. (Eds.). (2016). Knowledge management and e-learning. CRC
press.
Lima, S. F., Barbosa, S. A. A., Palmeira, P. C., Matos, L., Secundo, I., & Nascimento, R.
(2017). Systematic Review: Techniques and Methods of Urban Monitoring in
Intelligent Transport Systems. ICWMC 2017, 17, 9.
Lipman, B., & Ashlock, M. Z. (2015). Engineering and Implementing an Executive-Level
Communication Plan in a Global Professional Environment: A Case Study. Journal of
Media Critiques [JMC], 1(4).
Little, R. J., & Rubin, D. B. (2014). Statistical analysis with missing data (Vol. 333). John
Wiley & Sons.
Modarres, M., Kaminskiy, M. P., & Krivtsov, V. (2016). Reliability engineering and risk
analysis: a practical guide. CRC press.

13STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP
Schabenberger, O. & Gotway, C.A., (2017). Statistical methods for spatial data analysis.
CRC press.
Shaw, W. H., & Barry, V. (2015). Moral issues in business. Cengage Learning.
Snyder, G. H., & Diesing, P. (2015). Conflict among nations: Bargaining, decision making,
and system structure in international crises. Princeton University Press.