Analysis of Strategic Management and Tools for A2B Company

This assignment involves an in-depth analysis of strategic management and the tools used by A2B company to determine its internal environment, competitive environment, and general environment. The analysis includes various tools such as SWOT analysis, PESTLE analysis, Porter's five forces, war gaming, benchmarking, early warning scans, and value chain analysis. These tools help in identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, as well as analyzing the impact of political, social, legal, environmental, economic, and technological factors on the company's performance.

Strategic Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Concept of strategy...........................................................................................................1
1.2 Identify the elements of the strategic management process............................................2
1.3 Critically analyse the role of values, vision and mission statements...............................4
1.4 Different approaches to formulating strategy...................................................................6
1.5 Influence the external environment has on strategy formulation.....................................9
TASK 2..........................................................................................................................................11
2.1 Differentiates between organisations’ general, competitive and internal environments11
2.2 Tools available for the analysis of the general, competitive and internal environments12
2.3 Tools to analyse actual organisational environments....................................................15
TASK 3 .........................................................................................................................................16
3.1 Compare and contrast different approaches to formulating organisational strategy......16
3.2 Role of organisational strategy in achieving competitive advantage.............................17
3.3 Influence of markets on strategy formulation................................................................19
TASK 4 .........................................................................................................................................19
4.1 How organisational processes can support implementation of organisational strategy 19
4.2 Evaluation of the place of strategic control and reward systems...................................21
4.3 Evaluation of different approaches to strategic change..................................................23
TASK 5..........................................................................................................................................27
5.1 Critical analysis the role of administrative managers.....................................................27
5.2 How administrative management can be used to facilitate implementation of strategy28
CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................29
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................29
APPENDIX....................................................................................................................................30
Tools used for analysing general, internal environment of the company.............................30

INTRODUCTION
Strategic management is nothing but all about recognition and description of the
strategies that are carried by managers in order to achieve better performance and a competitive
advantage for their corporation (Hong, 2014). A company is said to achieve or gain competitive
advantage if its turnover and profitability is higher than the average profitability of all
corporations in the same sector. This can also be defined as a collection of decisions and acts
which are taken by managers and this decides the result of the performance of industry. The
managers must have a detailed knowledge and analysis of the common and competitive
organisational environment in order to take correct or accurate decisions. The present report is
based on the strategic management of A2B company. In this project, the elements, roles of
values, vision and mission statements of strategic management are discussed. Also different
approaches to formulate strategies are explained.
TASK 1
1.1 Concept of strategy
Strategy can be simply defined as an action that is taken by managers to achieve the one
or more goals of the corporation. It is also defined as a common direction set for the organisation
and its various elements to attain a desired state in future (Galliers and Leidner, 2014). It is the
result of detailed strategic planning process. A strategy is all about segregation and utilization of
organisational tasks and allocation of rare resources within the environment of enterprise in order
to meet the aim and objectives. On the contrary, when manager is planning a strategy then it is
necessary to consider that decisions are not taken in vacuum.
According to Johnson and Scholes, “Strategy is the way and scope of an enterprise that
takes a long period of time in providing benefits for organisation via its configuration of
resources within a difficult surroundings in order to meet the requirement of market and to
fulfilling the demand of stakeholders.” On the contrary, as per the view point of Kenneth
Andrews, “ Corporate strategy is nothing but scheme of decision making in an organisation that
determines and uncover its objectives, intention and goals. It produces the main principles and
schemes for attaining those goals and explain the scope of business that the enterprise is to
peruse.”
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As per the view point of Galliers and Leidner, a strategy is a broad action plan that is indicating
to long term direction and guiding towards utilization of resources in order to fulfil the goals and
sustainable competitor advantages. Hong says that a strategy is linked with the actions and
resources that are required to achieve certain long term objectives. On the contrary, the Johnsen
says that it is a plan of action that is formulated to achieve a long term or complete aim. Apart
from this different concept of strategy management are follows as under:
Goal setting: The main function of strategic management process is to create goals, mission,
values and organisational objectives.
Analysis strategy formation: After setting goals and objectives, the next concept of strategic
management is to identify strong and weak points of company which can be done by internal
analysis.
Strategy formation: After determining strengths and weaknesses of company, company should
formulate a effective strategy which will help in resolving organizational problems.
Strategy implementation: In this selected strategy is put into actual actual action. Strategies can
be implemented by making budgets, programs and policies to meet operational and human goals.
Strategy monitoring: This is the last concept of strategy management. In this, implemented
strategy is get evaluated by expert persons to determine that new strategy is providing desired
results or not.
1.2 Identify the elements of the strategic management process
The process of strategic management is more than just following the norms. It is a
philosophical approach in a business. The senior employees should firstly think strategically,
then they should apply that thinking to a process. The A2B company uses the following elements
of strategic management process:
 Situation analysis: This is the first step in management of strategy. This gives important
data to make the mission statement of corporate. This step includes scanning and
evaluating the context of organisation, the exterior environment, and other factors
affecting the business of enterprise. Measurement and communication are the two
important methods via this method can be performed.
 Goal-setting: The aim of goal-setting is to clear up or explain the vision of the business.
In this stage three key facets are identified. Firstly, defining the short as well as long term
goal of business. Secondly, the process is recognised through which the setted objectives
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can achieved. (Hong Kong). And finally, customizing the process will goes on in which
each staff has assigned work that must be completed by them. It is to be noted that in this
process, the goals must be elaborated, practical and should match the values that has
been set as per the vision. And typically the last step in this stage is writing a mission
statement that compactly transfers the goals to both stockholder and employees of
organisation.
 Analysis: Analysis is one of the important stage because the data which is achieved in
this stage will decides as well as shape next two stages. The concentration of the analysis
should be on understanding or knowing the needs of the business as a sustainable entity,
its strategic path and determining initiatives that will aid in growing the business of
corporation (Chang and Jennings, 2014). The external or internal issues must be
examined that can be affect the aims and objectives of business. Additionally, the
strength, weakness, threats as well as opportunities of enterprise must be identified in
order to expand the business.
 Strategy Formulation: The first step in making a strategy is to review the information
that is collected from accomplishing the analysis. It also determined that what are the
resources occupied or attained by business currently which aids in reaching the defined
goals and objectives, Those areas should be identified of which business must look for
external resources. Several problems which has been faced by the company should be
solved by giving it priority in order to get success in market. After prioritizing, the
strategy began formulated. This is because business and economic conditions are
unstable, it is critical in this stage to create secondary or alternate approaches that target
each step or process of the plan.
 Strategy implementation: The successful strategy execution is critical to the success of
the business organisation. This is nothing but action stage of strategic management
processing. If the overall strategy are not working according to the current structure of
business, a new structure must be implemented at the starting of this stage. Each and
every staff member must be careful about their roles and responsibilities within
corporation so that they effectively achieve the goal. Also, any fund or resource for the
firm must be secured or conserved at this point. As once the funding is in place and
workers are in order to implement the plan.
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 Environmental analysis: It includes analysis of macro factors that impacts the working
of enterprise. Factors such as the economy, norms, competition, social alteration,
modification in the taste of users, technological development and the environmental
circumstances, etc. all influences the scanning of surrounding. Swot analysis is conducted
in this regard which is examination of strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of
A2B Company. This shows users the current position of company and what should be
added in order to improve its performance.
 Evaluation and control: Employees perform their duties in order to achieve goals and
the head of department like managers and supervisor examines their work.
 Management planning and control: This process assures that resources are acquired
and are using effectively in attaining the objectives of A2B Company. This process is
carried on under the model organised by strategic planning and is similar to operational
control.
 Strategic planning and control: The procedures of determining on changes in
objectives of enterprises, in the resources that is utilised in attaining such objectives , in
policies dominating the acquiring and the use of such resources and in the way achieving
the objectives.
1.3 Critically analyse the role of values, vision and mission statements
Taneja and et. al. (2013) reflected that these statements serve as main or focal points for
individual to recognize themselves according to organisational process and this provide them a
sense of direction while at same time discouraging or rejecting those who do not want to follow
them from participating in the activities of enterprise. As per the view point of Venkat and et.al
(2015)vision and mission statement aids in translating the objectives of corporation into work
structure and assigning task to several employees of organisation that are responsible for making
them effective. According to Walker (2013) Values are the beliefs or notion of an individual or
group that affect the ethical decisions and environmental situation of a company.
According to Walker ( 2013), Vision helps in setting out what an enterprise wants to
achieve and should encourage members, workers and supporters to achieve that. On the contrary,
Venkat and et. al. (2015) says that Mission statement typically explains what have to be done by
the organisation to attain their vision. Taneja and et. al. ( 2013) says that Values may be
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recognised as beliefs, rules and can be set out in a code of conduct. A statement of values are
used to give guidance when the complicated decisions are to be made.
A2B company Value : These are
nothing but core
values that
organisation wanted to
provide to their
consumers.
For example, the value
of A2B company is to
perform Corporate
Social Responsibility
and via this increasing
their brand image.
Vision Statement:
The vision statement
of this corporation is
to achieve the
competitive
advantages and earn
more and more profits.
Mission statement of
A2B company is to
manufacture unique
products and services
in relation to their
competitors.
Google Value of Google is to
provide relevant
information to each
and every clients
remotely.
Google' vision
statement is to
provide all information
of world in only a
single click.
Mission statements :
These are the activities
through which vision is
achieved.
For example: The
mission of Google is to
manage all the
information of world
and making it
universally
approachable and
serviceable.
Tesco Value of Tesco is to
provide best quality
products and services
to their consumers and
This is the aim or
objectives that an
enterprise has. The
vision statement of
Mission statement of
Tesco is to create value
for their users and gain
lifetime loyalty or
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earns trust of them. Tesco is to increase
their turnover by
expanding their
business all over the
world.
trust.
Moreover, above mentioned all points helps in organisation in deciding its future. Even
many experts persons have stated that without organizational values, mission and vision no
company can accomplish its desired goals and objectives, and also can not lead to high level of
success. Further Walker states that organisational mission and vision both are highly related with
business purpose. In simple words, it helps in determining about company, its values and its
operations. Also, they communicate the reason hat why one organization has been established.
Mission statements of A2B helps in communicating values of company which are follows as
under:
 Create good working environment and treat all workers with dignity.
 Provide better customer satisfaction.
 Contributes in national development and so on.
Hence, it can be said that organizational values, mission and vision plays a significant
role in strategic management.
1.4 Different approaches to formulating strategy
The different approaches used by A2B company in order to formulate strategy are
following:
 Process approach: This is earliest as well as the most commonly adopted approach that
is taken to create business strategy in corporation. In process approach, business
strategies are formulated through a series of activities. The focal point and range of the
strategy process approach involves all the similar tasks that lead top the identification of
strategy as well as selecting the correct strategy.
Advantage Disadvantage
 It is easy to learn. So, firm can easily
formulate business strategy by taking
 It is time consuming.
 This does not create much profit.
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help of process approach.
 It attracts the volunteers because of its
simplicity and draws attention their
attention.
 It shapes thoughts or thinking in
holistic way.
 It also do not give full concept of
strategies.
 Content approach: The strategy content approach has narrow focus. This approach
gives priority to identify the special type of business strategy such as minimum cost,
differentiation can be adopted by the corporation. This approach concentrates on
choosing best business strategy that is to be implemented by enterprise.
Advantage Disadvantage
 It focuses on main strategy rather than
considering all aspects. For example
A2B venture can focus on main their
main mission while employing this.
 It provides motivation and creates
efficiency since it inspires workers in
attaining key aim without deviating on
others.
 It creates confusion for learners since
they do not understand the actual work.
 Over use of native language would be
done in A2B firm.
 Economic approach: This approach principally emphasizes on the requirements for
company in order to develop their business strategy which is based on the economical
conditions and chances. This approach is advocating that focus and scope of business
strategies must involve the best way to position a venture in each structure of competition
and economical system.
Advantage Disadvantage
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 Gives more choices to users since it
focus on economical situations and try
to improve the same.
 Goods and services that are not
beneficial should not be produced.
 Organisational approach: This approach examine the process of developing strategy
of business from the organisational visual aspect. The internal elements like structure,
culture, resource, etc. are difficult as well as view as obstacle in strategy formulation. So,
they must needed to improve.
Advantage Disadvantage
 Shows the responsibilities of board of
directors. Thus, A2B can apply this for
making their board of associates more
obligated regarding their work.
 It focuses on objective assessments
thus, A2B firm can enforce it in doing
the same.
 Complex processing as numerous of
chores are linked with this and that
should be completed.
 Time consuming since different aspects
are deal in this.
 Prescriptive strategy Process: It describes the objective of A2B company in progress
and its major components should be improved before the scheme set out. This approach
initiates with an examination of external environment and raw materials of the enterprise.
Then after this, objective of corporation get developed from this.
Advantage Disadvantage
 This provides unexpected profits to
corporate.
 This also aids in product development.
 Bad planning
 This do not opportunities and threats of
company.
 Emergent strategic process: It is the process of determining unpredicted result from the
performance of firm plan of action and then learning to gather those outputs which are
unexpected into future corporate idea. One of the advantage of this strategy is that it is
planned to address the issues and it is also used to take advantage on unpredicted
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marketing earnings. But some disadvantage also exits that is this strategy does not offer a
authentic secondary option to more conventional deliberate strategy specifically for new
business that is operating on narrowing border.
Advantage Disadvantage
 This also provides a lot of benefits to
enterprise thus needs to be considered
by A2B firm.
 It responds directly to market forces
and addresses all the issues associated
with that. So, it is quite advantageous.
 This does not offer authenticated choice
to more conventional deliberate
strategy.
 This does not show an efficient
planning.
1.5 Influence the external environment has on strategy formulation
The A2B company feels the impact of external environment (macro factors) on strategy
formulation that are listed below:
 Political factor: It includes government norms, legislation, actions, public policies, etc.
that influences the performance of a company (Patel and Chrisman, 2014). The
government imposes several types of taxes and due to this most of revenue of corporation
goes on paying this only. Due to this company have to face economical crises and they
are not achieving their goal. If the company is performing their business internationally,
the fluctuating rate of currencies will impact positively as well as negatively. If the value
of revenue gets lower in certain nation, then this will badly effect the turnover of
corporation. But if its value gets increased then this led a positive influence on the
company. So, strategy formulation should be done by considering all such kinds of
issues. Changes in labour laws and tax policy affects A2B limited in making its different
strategies because business strategy if made for long time period but continuous changes
in legal rules and policies can decrease efficiency of strategies. But sometimes, changes
in legislations can bring huge advantage for company and its strategies.
 Economical factor: This affects the buying behaviour and spending pattern of
consumers. It involves income, policies, trade cycles, etc. If the income or salary of
consumers increases, then it will change the purchasing power and spending pattern of
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family or nation. So, it positively affects the nature of buying behaviour. Company
should make their strategy by considering it also. But changes in buying behaviour of
customers can influence negative impact on company.
 Social factor: These factors like life style, culture, heritage, religion, etc. impacts on the
strategy formulation of company. The corporation has to manufacture their products as
per the view point of their consumers. This will happen when the enterprise will conduct
surveys of local areas and recognise the living style and taste of current society. If the
firm will not create their strategies as per the demands of their users, then all the
productivities will go in vein. But is company will produce its goods and services as per
they requirements of customers then it can easily mange its growth and existing strategies
for long time period.
 Technological factor: The technological development is changes day by day and giving
a positive impact on the business of firm (Pietrzak and et.al, 2015). They introduce
various techniques that are internet based and aids by making effective communication
between clients and employees by using several ways like social media (Face book,
What's app, twitter, etc.). Company should consider the use of modern technologies while
building their strategies as this will assist them in doing the activities very easily and at a
faster rate. Like for calculation, software life Spreadsheet, Ms excel, etc. can be used for
instant and quality based outcomes. Positive changes in technological factors can
influence positive impact on organizational strategy. For example if company will use
high technology in its daily operations then it will generate more profit. But technological
changes always results in technology up-gradation which requires high source of finance
which can be a huge disadvantage for company.
 Environmental factors: The natural phenomena also impacts on the strategic
formulation of company. Weather conditions, global warming, etc. negatively affects the
business and reduces the marketing price of firm. The external environment also provides
opportunities and threats to A2B company. For example, government can assist the
working of corporate by decreasing their taxation rate. This can be seen as an opportunity
as company can expand their business in future. The environmental factors can be
considered as an threats as global warming is increasing day to day.
Macro- environment Micro-environments
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It deals with large sections of business. It deals small part of business.
The aim of this environment is to maximize the
number of jobs, provide political stability,
gives economical growth, etc.
It has the objectives of increasing the profit.
This aids in determining the equilibrium cost in
the market as its basis is price mechanism.
On the other hand, this environment is based on
the national income, occupation and outcomes.
Example: Influence of government, impact of
environment, etc.
Example: opportunities, threats, etc. affecting
the performance of venture.
TASK 2
2.1 Differentiates between organisations’ general, competitive and internal environments
General environment is nothing but the external environment that affects the performance
of company. They are government, demographics, technology, economics, culture, environment.
The elements of general environment are PESTLE analysis. This is nothing of impact of
political, economical, social, technological and environmental factor on the performance or
business of enterprise. Political factor involves taxes imposition, several laws enforcement, etc.
Social factor deals with life style and taste of users. Social factors includes the alteration in the
taste of customers, increment in the population, etc. Technological factors shows the effective
communication between staff and users by using internet based technology. While the internal
environments are those factors that internally impacts on the strategy formulation such as
strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Strength of enterprise should be discovered so
that it can be more strengthened and this will help in gaining competitive advantages. Weakness
of the venture should be minimised by exploring it. This will enhance the brand quality and
make it more popular. Company should also concentrates on their opportunities so that they can
expand their market globally. Threats should also be considered in order to make the company
background or root more strengthened. On the other hand the competitive environment are
external dynamic environment whereby firm competes from other organisations and from their
functions (Pan and Goldsmith, 2016). Such as same product are developed by different
industries. This causes loss for the company as the consumers divides in different companies as
they are producing the similar goods or services. Competitive environment can be simply defined
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as those environment where venture has to struggle with in the market from their competitors.
There are different competitors present in the market place that adversely affects the
performance of A 2 B company by decreasing their customers and attracting them towards
themselves by offering low priced products.
General environment Competitive environment Internal environment
This consist of political, social,
economical, technological,
legal and environmental
factors. Each of the these
elements are present in outer
surrounding where A2B
company used to operate.
These are nothing but an
atmosphere of competition
where large of enterprises
offers same type of products
and services.
This consist of internal factors
like strength, weakness,
threats, opportunities, Culture
or tradition, living style of
customers, etc. present in A2B
venture.
These are commonly refereed
to those factors which affects
on the greatly on the
performance of A2b firm. But
it can be have both positive as
well as negative effect as per
the conditions.
These consist of those factors
which affects adversely or
negatively ion the ventures. No
positive impacts are seen in
this context.
These give both positive as
well as negative influences on
the working of firm.
For example, Government are
imposing high taxation rates
which adversely impact on the
turnover of A2B company.
Technological development
helps the cited corporation in
doing their work in very less
time period. Thus, it gives
positive effect.
For instant, emergence of
challengers reduces the selling
rate of A2B company as
consumers get segmented here.
This gives negative affect on
performance of firm.
Example, strength of A2B
venture offers positive impact
as it helps in building a good
image of firm. Threats like
rising of rivalries adversely
impact on company.
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2.2 Tools available for the analysis of the general, competitive and internal environments
As per the view point of Johnsen (2015), tools for doing analysis of internal environment
are following:
 SWOT analysis: Swot analysis determines the strength, weaknesses, opportunities and
threats of organisation. Strength of this tool is that it determines the current position of
company in market. It is advantageous for the performance of company. Like more
consumer evolvement, increasing the demand of their products and services, etc. This
will increase the turn over of corporation. While this also take care of weakness of
enterprise in order to improve the working of company. For example rising competition,
etc. One of the weakness is that the setted goal cannot be achieved.
Advantages of swot analysis:
 It assist in understanding the strength of firm which can be furthermore make more
strengthened.
 The weaknesses of firms are recognised by this and working is done to minimise that.
According to Hong (2014 ), PESTLE analysis is used for analysing general environment.
 PESTLE analysis: It explains the impact of external factors such as political,
economical, social, technological, legal and environmental (Melander and et.al, 2016). It
determines all influences of outer environment and provide the ways to struggle with
them. While does not show the positioning of firm. That is why they cannot set their
real goals.
Advantages:
 This assist in finding the influences of external environment such as legal , economical,
technological, etc. on the corporation.
 By finding those impacts, strategies can be formulated as per that so that less impact will
occur.
Galliers and Leidner (2014),Stated that Porter's five forces can be used for analysing the
competitive environment of A2B organisation.
 Porter's five forces: In this, the five factors are competition in market, power of
suppliers as well as customers, potential of new entrants into organisation and threats of
substitute products. A2B needs to focus on below written factors :
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 Power of buyers is the potential of consumers in which they can select other company to
buy product if the prices of existing company is high. Thus, cited venture need to
manufacture innovative goods and services in order to attract large number of users.
 Suppliers have also ability to compel industry to give order of supply at higher rates or
prices. A2B requires to look after terms and conditions of different suppliers and choose
them in accordance to that.
 The threats of new entrants are nothing but introduction of new firm in the market
offering the same product. A2B should focus on challengers and their strategies and need
to develop better than those.
 Rivalry is nothing but the numerous of competitors that is rising in business world. A2B
need to emphasis on those and produce better products in comparison to them.
 Threats of substitutes also ought to consider it since numerous of substitutes are
available and company need to act accordingly.
This forces examines all the nature of buyers, suppliers, new entrants, etc. But they do not show
the exact involvement of these factors in working of enterprise.
Advantages:
 This assist in determining the power of suppliers and customers.
As per the view point of Chang and Jennings (2014) ,Some of the other tools and techniques that
can be used for examining general , internal and competitive environment are listed below :
 War gaming : This is new concept that can be used by company in identifying its
competitor's strategies. For a typical business war game various characteristics are
required which are off site venue, senior managers, enough time period, Different teams,
preparation time and so on.
 Benchmarking : This is the process of measuring goods or services and processes in
comparison to those ventures that are known to be leaders in one or more aspects of their
operations. This assists in identifying those areas that should be improved so that quality
of the product can be enhanced.
Advantages :
 Company can easily gain competitive advantages.
 The quality of goods gets improved.
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Moreover, there are some other tools which can also help in analysing internal
environment of work place and these are follows as under: Early warning scans: with the help of this concept, company can detect all those future
events which can influence positive impact on strategic management of company. This
concept includes seven elements which are market definition, open systems, filtering,
predictive intelligence, communicating intelligence, contingency planning and a cyclical
process.
 Value chain analysis: It involves three steps which are discussed below:
 In first step, those activities are analysed which helps company in producing products and
services.
 In second step, cost is allocated in every activity so that they can be operated in
systematic and effective manner. In this those activities are identified which are highly
important to provide customer satisfaction and also which helps in enhancing
organizational growth.
2.3 Tools to analyse actual organisational environments
The tools to analyse actual organisational environment are SWOT and PESTLE. The
swot analysis of A2B company are following:
 Strength: Strength of the corporation are its consumers, employees, its brand image, etc.
 Weakness: While the weakness are growing competition in market. Several other firms
are producing the same product and selling at at low price. This gives a major impact on
turnover of company by lowering their sell as mostly people will prefer the cheap
products (Le Saout and et.al, 2013). Hence, the company ought to create different
productivities and sell those at accurate prices that should be affordable by common
people.
 Opportunities: Enterprise can expands its market at international level as the demand
of their product are increases. This is seen as their opportunities.
 Threats: The growing of activities like hacking from their sites on internet, increasing
competition, etc. are viewed as their threats.
Several other tools are PESTLE analysis, Porter's five forces, etc. The Pestle analysis
shows the impact of several outer factors on the A2B company. For example the political, social,
technological, legal, etc. This determines the exact position of enterprise and advise them to do
15

improvement of several sectors. While the Porter's five forces examines the involvement of
consumers, suppliers and various other stakeholders in the enterprise.
Moreover, changes in market needs and demands also influence a huge impact on
strategic formulation. Organization should make its different strategies as per the requirements of
market otherwise it can not survive in market place for long time period.
TASK 3
3.1 Compare and contrast different approaches to formulating organisational strategy
The comparison between different approaches to formulating organisational strategy are
listed below:
 Process vs content approach: They are earliest as well as the two most commonly
adopted approaches that are taken to create business strategy in corporation. In process
approach, business strategies are made by integrating different activities. The focus and
scope of this approach includes overall all same tasks that helps in choosing right
strategy. On the contrary, the strategy content approach gives priority to recognize the
specific strategy like low price, creating unique products,etc.
 Economic vs organisational approach: This approach chiefly emphasizes on the need
of organization in order to create scheme which is based on the economic conditions
(Longo and Rotolo, 2016). While the organisational approach analyse the process of
developing plan of business from the view point of corporation.
The market influence on strategic formulation by following ways:
 Demand of consumers changes time to time
 Competition is rising
 Resources are not easily available
Resource based approach Industry life cycle approach
It incline that control strategic resources
provides a golden chance in do to gain
competitive advantage.
It suggests the development of given enterprise
which is supported by the business
characteristics that generally displays in every
stage.
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These show input to the firm's manufacture
process.
While it shows the overall life cycle of
company that how it perform their work.
It also gives competitive advantages. But does not show such benefits.
 Porter's generic strategies: Porters had suggested four generic business plans that are
used in order to gain competitive advantages. The four strategies are listed below:
▪ Cost leadership: This strategy states that company can earn profit by reducing
their prices of products. They can also increase their market share by pleading low
costing.
▪ Differentiation strategy: This can be done by doing deep research, improvement
in goods or services and making innovative products. This says that A2B
company should make best quality products in order to earn more profit.
▪ Focus strategy: This states to focus on niche market by understanding the
mechanics of that market.
Issues associated with Porter's strategies :
 This is time consuming and thus long time period is taken for its execution.
 A lot of survey is needed to be conducted ; hence it is costly in nature.
 Life cycle approach: This approach is used by A2B Company that enables designer of
products, service providers, agents of government, etc. to make their choices for a long
period of time by considering all environment media like air, water, land, etc. This deflect
the shifting related problems from one cycle step to another. It has following benefits:
▪ It aids government to secure and make strong position of industry and service
sector in local areas as well as in global market.
▪ It assist consumers by providing them buying, transportation, energy resources,
etc. in order to guide them.
Issues and problems arising from life cycle approach :
 It is complex in nature so consumes lots of time.
 Professional or expertise teams should be hired for its implementation.
17

3.2 Role of organisational strategy in achieving competitive advantage
A competitive advantage is nothing but the benefit over competitors achieved by a company
through providing customers greater value, either by offering products at low price or by giving
additional benefits and services. The strategy formed by A2B assist a lot in achieving their
competitive advantages. Some of the roles are described below:
 Strategy: It determines the sort of services and products which should made to gain
profit. It is made before implementation or manufacturing of A2B product.
 Imposition of costing: The costing is also imposed by A2B company as per the scheme.
This will decide their commodities exact values and cost of their products.
 Low costs: Minimum cost is decided so that large number of people get attracted towards
them. Low pricing will decide the involvement of more consumers and investment of
shareholders.
 Survey conduction: They also explains where should be survey conducted. It helps in
determining the consumer demands and requirements related to the services of A2B.
 Aims and objectives: Setting of aims and objectives is very necessary in the organisation
as without this work cannot be performed.
 Competition: It decides how A2B company can compete with other companies in order
to gain more profits than their competitors.
 Key success factor : Success is another factor that helps in achieving competitive
advantages. If A2B company focuses on attaining success by accomplishing all aims and
objectives then it can automatically achieve in gaining competitive advantages. By doing
this way venture is not required to concentrate on other techniques for doing the same.
 Core competences : A2B limited needs to focus on their core competences that is they
required to analyse those firms which are offering same kind of products or services.
After that they should form effective strategy to defeat them by making some innovative
goods at cheaper prices in relation to them.
Moreover, the respected company is not able achieve competitive advantage without formulating
effective strategies. With the help of effective strategy A2B can utilise its available financial,
technical and human resource in systematic manner which will be result in high financial profit
and organisation growth. Furthermore, with the help of strategic management business enterprise
18

can produce its products and services in effective manner which helps in providing high
customer satisfaction. By having satisfied customer organisation can get huge competitive
advantage in market place. Also, core competences of company contributes in competitive
advantage. High skilled worker of organization can produce quality products which helps in
satisfying different needs of customers and also build a strong position of enterprise in market
place.
3.3 Influence of markets on strategy formulation
Market is impacting greatly on the strategy formulation of the A2B corporation which is
discussed below :
 Price : It is one of the important factor that should be considered while formulating
marketing strategy. Firm should make their plan as per the present cost of specific
products and services in market.
 Competition : This is another factor that impacts on the strategies as schemes need to be
develop by considering the potential challengers. If the competitors are offering the same
kind of goods then the cited venture should develop new one or can sell the same at lower
prices in comparison to their rivals.
 Technology : It should also be given importance at the time of making new business
strategy as it influences the whole operation of manufacturing. Production can be done by
investing minimum capitals and in minimum time by taking the help of modern and
innovative technologies.
TASK 4
4.1 How organisational processes can support implementation of organisational strategy
According to Chang and Jennings (2014), there are different processes that help in
executing organisational plan of action. A2B company are also enforcing certain methods for
executing specific strategies made by them which is listed below:
 Survey: As per views of Kaplan and Norton (2016), the survey conducted by the
corporation aids in deciding the strategy as the schemes are made after examining the life
style, taste, population count, etc. of nation. And this is decided by the conduction of
19

survey. This aids at the time of making organisational strategies as plans are made as per
the information collected by conducting surveys. The negative factor of survey includes
cost expensive and complex process and positive point is easy to gather data of individual
person. The author is successful explain this method which help in collecting accurate
facts and figures in proper manner.
 Arrangement of meetings: Walker (2013) says that meeting are arranged in order to
make the strategies regarding manufacturing of products, setting the price, etc. The work
loads are divided among the employees. Their working hour as well as wages are decided
in this stage only. Certain rules and regulations are made in order to run the office
smoothly or making discipline at work place. The positive factor such as saving time,
developing new idea and thoughts and making effective decisions. Negative factor for
arrangement of meeting includes it is time consuming process, lack of seriousness, costly
and does not participation of employees in the meeting. Such author is successful and
appropriately arranging the meeting method and techniques in effective manner.
 Implementation of schemes: According to Chang and Jennings (2014), schemes are
made after taking the view point as well as approval of several employees . These
planning gets executed after this. This is the most important process that assists in
enforcing or executing the strategies made the venture. Without doing this, development
is not possible. There are positive and negative factors which directly or indirectly impact
on executing required policies and schemes. Positive factors such as gain high
profitability and getting higher success or growth level and on the other hand, negative
factors includes highly risky aspect and some employees does not accept changes in
policies and schemes which create issues and problems within an organisation.
Respective scholars successfully implement these schemes and policies for gaining
maximum profitability for the firm.
 Handling of risks: On the other hand, Semadeni, Withers and Trevis Certo (2014),stated
that risks are also handled if any strategy are creating issues and not proved to be
profitable. The new schemes are created so that the aims and goals of corporation can be
achieved. This helps a lot after implementation of strategies as various risks are resolved
is this process which is good for A2B company. It includes different factors such as
positive and negative. In positive aspects during managing risk includes high growth and
20

success of organisation by taking risk and increasing in profitability or productivity.
Negative point are does not properly implementation of new policies and schemes for
increasing the growth level of the company. The author are appropriately manage and
handle all risk factors within an organisation.
 Communication: As per the thought of Pan, Sivo and Goldsmith (2016), efficient
communication should be done between employees and heads of company and
consumers. This means all relevant information should be spread in each sector of
organisation. This will increase the efficiency of working as each and every one know
what is their duty and if any changes or modification is done it must be communicated to
all workers. There are some positive and negative factor of communication. Positive
aspects of communication includes proper flow of correct and latest information among
employees, enhancing skill and knowledge of team members. On the other hand, negative
impact of communication within an organisation includes increasing efficiency of
working and help in dealing with different type of customers.
 Policy making: Patel and Chrisman (2014) said that before manufacturing any product, it
is very necessary to make policy and works are performed as per that setted policies. The
policies must be made in order to start the work as per that. This will create a systematic
work schedule and divide the working share to each worker. There are some negative and
positive factors which help in measuring and evaluating policy making process. Positive
aspect of developing policy includes high growth and success level and employees
motivation is enhancing and on the other hand, negative factors such as lengthy process
and time consuming. This author is successful and properly making and developing
policies for gaining maximum profitability for an organisation.
 Procedures: According to the thought of Johnsen (2015), several procedures should be
used in company in order to produce a quality product like risk assessment, survey
conduction, and many more. These all are needed so that work of company completes at
allocated time. Positive impact while following some process such as effectively doing
work and gain maximum profitability and negative factor includes following complex
processing and time consuming or expensive. Johnsen appropriately consider this method
of procedure in better manner.
21

4.2 Evaluation of the place of strategic control and reward systems
The reward system can be implemented in order to motivate the employees of A2B
company. The workers who are giving their best and also doing extra work should given prizes
for their extra ordinary work (Hong, 2014). Some of the workers get demotivated due to work
load and stress. This can be removed by giving them opportunities to earn incentives. As this
provides them extra amount so they will do their task more effectively and energetically. The
organisation should provide transport as well as food facilities so that workers have not do more
effort in reaching work place. They get easily cab and come office at time. Additionally, they do
not have to cook food as company is providing them healthy breakfast. This motivates them as
this lowers their expenditure also. The importance of reward system and control system are listed
below:
 Reward system provides motivation to the employees are not happy with their jobs.
 This also increases the performance level of enterprise.
 Control system aids in maintaining an environment of discipline at work place. They
examine the working of each and every employee and judge their working level.
 Therefore, it is very important to have a reward as well as control system in a company so
that aims and objectives can be achieved effectively.
 Employees also suffers from several issues of pays. Such they do not receive their wages
at specified time. Even sometimes their receive less amount of money in comparison to
actual one.
 Senior staffs are also not receiving their bonus amount at time. They receive that after
two or three months. This is not good and gives a bad impression of the corporation.
Place of strategic control is the controlling of strategy formulation. All the strategies
should be implemented as per the need of customers. This is created by recognising the impact of
external factors such as political, legal, economical, social, etc. over the firm. Strength and
weaknesses of ventures should also be considered while formulating strategies. A good strategy
formation will assist in making profits by the firm.
Moreover, Strategic control helps in formulating organizational strategy. With the help of
effective strategies company can keep control on its each and every activity or practice. On the
other side if there will be good reward system within work place then employees will also
22

cooperate with company. So, it can be said that strategic control and reward system, both plays
an important role in organizational strategy.
The evaluation of reward system can be done from an organisational point of view which
define the instead of interacting with employees about correct process of rewarding. An
enterprise can effectively conduct such method in the large market place for doing surveys and
combine with consulting company for measuring these systems. An external evaluation of
rewards system should be done in better manner for satisfied employees and by this they are
doing hard work and gain maximum profitability for an organisation. After that company
manager can check the evaluation system of reward for analysing employees performance and
identify the best skilled staff members among them and give them specific reward. This can help
in analysing and identify talented and experienced employees for gaining maximum profitability
in proper manner. Strategic control and Rewards system is playing a vital role while making
strategies and making a good image in front of workers. Rewards system motivates personnels in
doing their work in more effective manner so that the aims and objectives of A2B company can
be achieved with in given time frame. At the same time, an efficient strategic control is also very
necessary as it take care of any type of requirements are are provided those to workers. This also
examines their performance and motivates them to improve that by providing rewards.
4.3 Evaluation of different approaches to strategic change
If the strategy gets changed then the different strategies work as per the modification. For
example the schemes of A2B company changes and it influences the several strategies of
corporation that are listed below:
 Process approach: As per the view point of Kumar and et. al. (2014), focus is given on
the changes done and the schemes are made according to them. Business strategy are
formulated by collecting different same activities. This management strategy which can
be used by A2B company's managers to monitor and control all the processes involved.
It helps in improving the quality of process since it is helping précising the processes
and explaining its result. Additionally, while implementing this, the input and output of
procedures have to be identified as well as quantified. Apart from that, A2B venture
could estimate the potential risk and outcomes and may also determine the main
stakeholders and their roles. Each and every procedures needs to take care by A2B firm
so that it can be completed in appropriate way and can be accomplished at proper time.
23

 Content approach: Patel and Chrisman (2014) stated that this approach can be applied
at that time when plans are getting altered since it is more effect-able in nature but this
takes a lot of time. A2B now searching for the better process through which company
can gain profit and content approach is suitable for the same. This process aids in
designing, developing and managing of content that is documented and or remains in
other media. In this right content should be given to appropriate users at specific time via
strategic planning of creating content, its delivery and controlling. A2B company should
emphasis on this approach since it helps in changing or doing new modifications as per
the requirement.
 Economic approach: According to Johnsen (2015), concentration should given on new
requirement of corporation as the strategy get changed. This is done by identifying the
economic condition of organisation and tried to improve this. This approach will help
A2B firm in doing formation of new budgets as plans are being changed. So, investment
have to be modified in different aspects. A2B venture should look after their financial
situations in accordance to this method because this aids them in developing new
business budgets.
 Organisational approach: As per the thought of Pan, Sivo and Goldsmith (2016) this
approach now examines the changed plan and work as per the view point of A2B
company. As all new things are happening, so the aim of the enterprise is also getting
modified and now they wants to gain competitive advantages. So, the organisational
approach should work as per this. It is showing about what are the strategies and how
can be implemented. Via this strategic method, leaders or heads of A2B could decide
about the major alteration that should be done in order to improve the performance of
corporation.
Moreover, there are some other approaches which also helps in strategic change and these
are follows as under:
Lewin's change management model: Melander and et. al. (2016) stated that this concept
includes three stages for managing change within organization, which are unfreeze, change and
refreeze. In first stage organization gets prepare for modification. In second stage, change
actually takes place. In last stage, change is get accepted by company. All these stages are
discussed in detail which are follows as under:
24

 Unfreeze: In is that stage in which business enterprise gets prepared to adapt new
changes. In this organisation make changes in its existing organizational structure so that
company can operate its business functions as per the requirements. A2B firm should
prepare themselves for doing new modifications and this technique will help them in
doing the same. Change: In this business managers and employee try to find new ways so that they can
operate organizational activities in most effective manner. In simple words, A2B
organisation take a step forward to new directions for attaining their aims and objectives.
 Refreeze: After selecting new ways of operating business activities and practices, in this
employees and mangers of A2B venture should implement the new changes within work
place so that organization can produce quality products or services.
On the other hand, Longo and Rotolo (2016) has recognised McKinsey 7 s model for
managing changes. This concept involves seven steps which are strategy, structure, systems,
shared values, style, staff and skills. All this components are highly required to manage change
within work place. Strategy: It is those plans which are made by company to achieve its objectives so that
organization can compete its competitors. A2B firm should make appropriate plan of
action so that they can attain all aims and objectives in context to doing alterations. Structure: It is a way which helps in representing divisions and units of company.
Through this given company can show their various departments and apply several
strategies for change in accordance to that. Systems: It involves those processes and procedures which helps in operating business
activities and practices. A2B enterprise should take use of system in terms of modifying
things as per their need. Shared values: It is those norms and values which guides workers behaviour and
organizational actions. Given company ought to make values and deliver the same to
their staffs so that they start their work as per that. Style: It is the way in which organization is managed by its own senior mangers. Herein
supervisors of A2B firm should monitor the works performed by their workforces so that
changes made by them can be checked properly before its implementation.
25

 Staff: It helps in determining that how many people company needs to operate its
business functions. Through this, A2B venture could determine the requirement of
employees for enforcing changes.
 Skills: It is those abilities of employees which help the in operating business activities in
most effective manner. A2B company should train their workers in order to yield best
outcome since their skills get improved from that and modification can be done in their
organisation in easy way.
According to Le Saout and et. al. (2013), Kotter's change management theory has
given by Sir Kotter. It contains eight steps for dealing with changes. A2B company needs to
follow this which are described below :
1. Creating urgency : In first step, management of A2B needs to generate feeling of
urgency regrading change so that it can be enforced immediately.
2. Forming powerful coalition : In this stage, convincing of potential people is carried on
with the help of leaders and stakeholders of cited venture.
3. Creation of vision for change : Here in values which are central to alteration in
accordance to A2B firm should be determined and an impressive strategy should be
formulated as per that.
4. Communication of vision : After the designing of vision, the next job of A2B enterprise
is to convey those to each member working in their organisation so that every one can
understand it clearly.
5. Removing obstacles : Certain hindrances comes in the path of implementing schemes in
mentioned firm that needs to be identified as well as removed appropriately. So, that no
conflict would occur in future.
6. Creation of short term wins : For inspiring personnels, short term goals should be
created by A2B managers and its achievement is required to gain.
7. Building on the change : Herein things which are seemed to be wrong needs to be
improved by supervisors of A2B company and there after changes ought to be done in
accordance to this.
8. Anchoring changes in corporate culture : Lastly to make any modification stick, it
have to be core of A2B corporation and this should be done as per the tradition of
company.
26

TASK 5
5.1 Critical analysis the role of administrative managers
As per the view point of Chang and Jennings (2014) administrative manager are playing
an important role in supporting to the creation and implementation of the strategies. They are
some one who aids their employers in designing new strategies by guiding them so that they can
gain more and more profits. They are considered as main or core parts of a corporate. Galliers
and Leidner (2014) stated that they play a crucial role in making important decisions. They have
the power of passing as well as holding the new strategical plan made their workers. If they find
every thing good and proper, they easily pass the plan but at the same time if they find out some
faults then they keep that plan at hold and make it approval after the correction of that plan. On
the other hand, Johnsen (2015) says that managers also analyse and implement the strategies so
that no conflict will emerge at the time of executing it. Any kind of problem faced by employer
are also solved by them only. Thus, it can be said that they act as soul of the organisation. They
supervise the all supportive operations of an enterprise. They assures that there must be effective
flow of information and resources should be efficiently used through out the business by each
and every employee. They have good logical skill as they have to make many decision making.
Every information should be known by them as they have to oversee all the activities of
business. The roles of administrative managers in designing and implementing organisational
strategy are following:
 Setting of aims and objectives: They set the aims and objectives of the enterprise in
order to achieve them and earn profit as organisational strategy is made after that. So, it is
needed to set specific aim and objectives of the company.
 Setting the budget: They then set the revenue that has to be invest in order to achieve
the goals of organisation. The cost of buying raw materials, manufacturing, packaging,
transportation charge,etc. are decided so that a budget can be made. Certain amount of
money should be invest in implementing organisational strategies. And those amount of
money is decided by the administrator only.
 Survey conduction: Then their next step is to conduct survey where they examine the
basic need of consumers and tries to manufacture the same in order to grasp their
attention. This is very necessary to identify the demand of users because scheme of
organisation are set after recognising their needs. If it is not done then wrong decision
27

will taken which will impact the company turnover. This survey conduction policy is also
decided by administrator of enterprise.
 Planning: Then managers starts planning or designing the schemes so that the product
can be made. This involves the division of working structure among all the staff of
corporation. Setting of their working hours, wages, etc. are also done in this.
 Implementation: Then they implement these strategies to manufacture goods and
services and more earn profit. It is the administration department that implement the
strategies of corporation. Without their approval plans are not implemented.
Moreover, business manager is that person who have the responsibility of operating
business function in effective manner and also accomplishing organizational goals and objectives
in less time period. Without him, company can not lead to high level of success. It is highly
important for administrative managers to have high skills and abilities so that he can make best
strategies for organization and also can make better future plans. For implementing
organisational strategy manager should first of all decide the business goals and after that he
should acquire enough financial, human and technical resources to implement business strategies
so that he can accomplish desired results in limited time period.
5.2 How administrative management can be used to facilitate implementation of strategy
The A2B company uses the administrative management to facilitate implementation of
strategy across functional area of organisation in following ways:
 Human Resource Management : Company takes help of human resource management
in hiring the talented workers in their organisation (Chang and Jennings, 2014). If they
hire freshers or new comers then its their responsibility to arrange a training and
development program for them . So, that they get expert in their job. Administrative
department use this technique to implement their strategy as it is also a part of that. They
wishes to do some social activities so that brand image of company gets increased.
Maintenance of human resources or workers is very important because implementation of
strategies are only done by these employees.
 Research and development : The managers assists in making research over the need of
users so that they can perform development their products. This is the main goal of
strategy setting as this enhance the turnover of company. Administrative management
28

arrange programmes for conducting researches and information gathered from those
surveys are used in making strategies.
 Selling: The selling is done by offering the consumers products at low price. Apart from
this, extra offers can also be given like discount on several days, giving prizes, etc.
(Galliers and Leidner, 2014). This will attract large number of buyers towards their
product. And ultimately, their turnover get increases. This task is performed by
administrator to make more selling of products so that enterprise reach their goals of
being at the top. It is only the administration management which controls the whole
process of selling as they specify the targets consumers to whom the product is going to
offered.
 Advertisement: The advertisement can be done by the mangers through using several
techniques such as social media, book, television channel, etc. Managers handle the
sector of promotion and make their products more popular so that its selling get
enhanced. This is also a part of strategy which is implemented after manufacturing of
goods. Promotional activities are also arranged by administrative department which helps
a lot in doing the publicity of products made by A2B company.
CONCLUSION
From the above based report it has been concluded that strategic management is one of
the important task of organisation. This includes several methods like implementing functional
activities, approaches of strategy management,etc. The general, competitive and internal
environment are described here. The general environment are impacts of political factors,
economical, social, technological, environmental, legal factors, etc. The internal environment are
examination of strength, weaknesses, threats and opportunities of the corporation.
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APPENDIX
Tools used for analysing general, internal environment of the company
Tools Environment Description
30

SWOT analysis Internal environment Used for analysing strength,
weakness, threats and
opportunities of venture.
PESTLE analysis General environment Utilised for determining
impact of political, social,
legal, environmental,
economical, technological
factors on the performance of
A2B company.
Porter's five forces Competitive environment In this, the five factors are
competition in market, power
of suppliers as well as
customers, potential of new
entrants into organisation and
threats of substitute products.
War gaming Competitive environment This is new concept that can
be used by company in
identifying its competitor'
strategies.
Benchmarking Competitive environment This is the process of
measuring goods or services
and processes in comparison to
those ventures that are known
to be leaders in one or more
aspects of their operations.
Early warning scans General environment with the help of this concept,
company can detect all those
future events which can
influence positive impact on
strategic management of
31