Strategic Management in the Australian Automotive Industry
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This document discusses the decay and impact of the Australian automotive industry, focusing on the rise and fall of Holden Limited. It explores the situational impact and analyzes the industry using the model of five force analysis.
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STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT1 Table of Contents Background............................................................................................................................................2 Model of Five Force analysis..................................................................................................................3 Analysis of situational impact...............................................................................................................5 References.............................................................................................................................................7
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT2 Background It is founded that the automotive industry contains several organisations as well as businesses that include the process like “designing, developing, manufacturing, marketing, and at last selling the motor vehicles.” Considering revenue, it is founded that it is biggest grossing industry. Therefore, it does not include those industries that are committed toward the maintenances of automobiles after delivering those to the final user such as motor fuel station for filling or repair shops of automobile. Besides this, several models of automobile have been growing well worldwide. It is known to be one of the competitive and powerful industriesamongvariousotherindustries.TakingintoaccountthecaseofAustralia, automotive industry has taken its wings during the time of formation of “Ford Australia.” During such time, Holden, a person from Australia has intended the car in 1948. Australian Automotive industry has one distinct feature in terms of process of production on large scale of passenger vehicles. Automotive industry was also able to get a high rate of growth until the year 2004 (Hutchens, 2013). The unique characteristic of Automotive industry Australia has included the process of production on large scale of passenger vehicles. After this, the imported automotive vehicles from Europe as well as Asia were dominating the automotive industry. In the assignment, the key focus is taken on the decay in Australian automotive industry including how this influence various other factors in the country. In addition, the rise and fall of Holden limited are also being identified that has given focus fully on the deceitful and importing of those vehicles. In Melbourne Victoria, Holden Limited was incorporated in the year 1856 that started as the trade of saddler. Later on, it moved into the automotive field. Further, it moved and became the subsidiary of General Motors that is US-based international automotive industry in the year 1931. The company has also discovered a wide range of original and domestic vehicles like Holden Commodore. Moreover, they also offer some of the GM models in the market which are distinct in terms of their feature. At that time, the one automotiveindustryhasmadetheautomobilewiththeuseoftheconfinedPartsin manufacturing. Moving further, the charge of high tariff during the time of importing has also inclined the manufacturing automobiles popularity locally (Green, 2017). It is also seen that after the globalization in the market of Australia, automated reduction in tariff for import has occurred by exposing the Australian automotive industry for the very first time to the inside
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT3 competition. It has also resulted in the termination of several manufacturing plants. The closure of such businesseswasbecauseof theirincapacityin transformingand give something unique in the automobile manufacturing (Dowling, 2014). Due to this reduction in the tariff, a chain reaction has produced that led to the downfall in the market of cars that are produced domestically. In relation to Mitsubishi in year 2008, it leads to the closure of various manufacturing businesses. Due to this, the Australian car industry has placed into the “kind of wobbly three-legged chair.” In addition to this, such businesses are not giving tough competition to the global businesses and the reduction in the import tariff, periods of the government grants of country, and increment in the rate of labour in the country is also the key cause. Moreover, damage and decline in the “Ford” besides executed as the slanting point for the Australia automotive industry (Masinde-Indiatsy et al., 2014). Hence, automobile industry is highly impacted due to such sort of withdrawal. Model of Five Force analysis The model of five forces is based on Porter framework that analyses the industry based on five aspects that aids in identifying the range of rivalry inside the industry. This helps in finding out the level of profitability. It is true that stronger will be the competitive focus, less will be the profitability in the industry (Porter, 2008). This model includes this analysis - ConsideringvariousaspectsofPorter'sfiveforces,apureandcompleteanalysisof automobile industry in Australia can be achieved. It is outlined like below – 1.Threat of substitute- Consumers has various sorts of alternatively available in-terms of train, metro, bicycle, motorbikes and so on. Though nowadays, many individuals seek public transport for their transportation instead of their owned cards . It will definitely affect the performance of all the car manufacturing in Australia at larger extent. Besides this, in recent time, each person who is using public transportation for the sake of environmental protection has resulted in the decline of personal care as compared to the past few years. 2.Threat of new entrant– Considering this aspect, it is identified that the local manufacturerpowerintermsofcompetitionisnotinequalitythatresultsin threatening of international companies. Due to this, it is being identified that the cars that imported within Australia also put force on the Australians manufacturing
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STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT4 businesses. In addition, decline in the export tax tariff inside the country also fascinates the foreign car manufacturers in order to distribute the duty-free cars to the marketplace of Australia (Fleischmann et al., 2000). It has also resulted in several challenges to the Australian manufacturers. It has led to the shutting of most of the multinational companies from the manufacturing industry of Australia. It is done in order to limit the financial loss as well as evade the severe competition due to the imported automobiles. 3.Bargaining power of suppliers– Not any business in the manufacturing industry include such business where there is presence of only one supplier. In addition, it includesvarioussupplierswhokeeponcontactingotherbusinessesandbring productivity. It can also be said that supplier can reduce they depending on the current buyers that will result in the market transfer. Therefore, this causes a disadvantage to the Australian manufacturing industry in acquiring any product from this type of supplier. Besides this, it will also require each manufacturer to produce any part by them in order to reduce its reliability. 4.Bargainingpowerofconsumers-Itisfoundedthatmoreadvancementin technology has resulted the decrement in prices of cars. Due to the implementation of information technology, customers can easily come to know the current information relating the automotive industry sooner as before. Hence, it becomes easy for them to compare the various other brands. Hence, these benefit help the customers to be at higher position at the time of purchase and cause threat for Australian Automotive industry growth. In addition, reductions in the profit, industry will definitely lose the benefit of local production plant as well (Clark & P., 2010). 5.Competition among the existing players- Considering majority of industrialists who are located in the City of Adelaide, Melbourne as well as any further region, one can found development trends in domestic car industry of Australia. Due to restriction in total market volume, major brands of Australia comprising Mitsubishi, Ford, Holden, and Toyota getting strong competition from each other. It is also founded that total population of Australia is not able to get the fast growth of these types of manufacturers.DuetopresenceofinsideconflictfromtheAustralianmarket increased the survival pressure of such automotive industry. In current period, many nativecarbusinessesarealsobecomingcompetitivethatmoreupsurgesthe sustainability burden.
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STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT6 Analysis of situational impact Situational analysis refers to the gathering of several methods and approaches that are utilized by the manners in order to examine the internal as well as external environment of the organization for gaining the concise and clear understanding regarding the customer base, organizational abilities and business environment (Lake, 2018). Several approaches are there in order to carry out the effective situational analysis like Pest, Pestle, 5C’s, SWOT analysis and Porter's five forces analysis (Steenburgh & Avery, 2010). Automotive industry is one of the most significant as well as high revenue generating businesses. Same, Automotive industry of Australia also plays an essential role in the developmentof Australiantechnologyand economy.However, with the incrementin competition and decrement in the profit generation, automotive industry is also changing its focus from manufacturing to the importing of those automobiles. In this way, automotive industry is most influencing as well as revenues generating business.This can be further presented by halting of manufacturing of automobile by the automotive giant like Ford. Toyota, Holden and Mitsubishi that were the largest manufacturer I the locally produced automobiles as well as cars. 1.Political aspects- The extraction of local manufacturing cause imposition of various political effects within Australia. This withdrawal has forced the government of Australia in order to improvise the import tariff for amending the legal policies and ensuring the easier importing. At the same time, the improvisation has also adversely affected the economic growth as it leads to reduction in possibility of revenue generation due to gathering of tax at the time of importing of automobiles (Kwon, 2013). It has also affected the local manufacturing as lowered tariff leads to reduction in the cost of imported car by lowering down the sales of manufactured automobiles of Australia (O’ Brien, 2018). 2.Economic impact- One more vital impact of the drawing on the economic front is the loss of individual person employment who all are employed in the manufacturing plant. Thereby, it affects the development and growth of the economy (RMIT.edu.au., 2011). Same, the reduction in the importing of tariffs also reduces the cost per vehicle as well as reduces the revenue that is generated by the country (Valadkhani & Smyth, 2016).
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STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT7 3.Social impact– Another impact of withdrawal will levy because of reduction of per vehicle buying busying cost and increment of the import would lead into the rise in issues that are associatedwithpollutionandtraffic.Furthermore,theincrementintheautomobile population will adversely affect the health status of people. 4.Technology effect- the essential or key impact of the withdrawal has happened on the technological aspect that is in the area of research and development within Australia. As per the review of Steve Bracks, automotive industry has played an essential role for the knowledgespilloverintheotheraspectofindustrieswithinAustralia.Besidesthis, withdrawal has also affected the research and development work in the concerned sector (Department of Innovation, 2008). It is also being expected from the several automobile industries for transferring their research and development into the close proximity within their plants of manufacturing. Besides this, cuts in budget to the organization like CSIRO has further exacerbated the contrary impact on the research and development in long run (Hopkin, 2014).
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT8 References Clark & P., D. (2010) Scale economies and intra-industry trade.Economics Letters, 108 (2), pp.190–192. Department of Innovation (2008)Review of Australia’s automotive industry : final report. [Dept. of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research]. Dowling, J. (2014) Why Australia’s car manufacturers — Toyota, Holden and Ford — all conkedout[Internet].Availablefrom:<https://www.news.com.au/why-australias-car- manufacturers-toyota-holden-and-ford-all-conked-out/news-story/ e58e685cc75d3f68feb40d8d0f0711c7> [Accessed 9 December 2018]. Fleischmann, M., Prentice, D., Fleischmann, M. & Prentice, D. (2000) Strategy, Scale or Policy? Exit in the Australian Car Industry. School of Economics, La Trobe University. Green, R. (2017) The truth about the Holden shutdown in Australia [Internet]. Available from:<https://www.smh.com.au/opinion/the-truth-about-the-holden-shutdown-in-australia- 20171010-gyxogj.html> [Accessed 9 December 2018]. Hopkin, M. (2014) CSIRO cuts ‘will rob Australian industry of research expertise’ [Internet]. Availablefrom:<https://theconversation.com/csiro-cuts-will-rob-australian-industry-of- research-expertise-26759> [Accessed 9 December 2018]. Hutchens, G. (2013) Australia’s ailing car industry in desperate need of a saviour [Internet]. Kwon, R. (2013) Is Tariff Reduction a Viable Strategy for Economic Growth in the Periphery? An Examination of Tariff Interaction Effects in 69 Less Developed Countries. Journal of World-Systems Research, 19 (2), pp.241–262. Lake, L. (2018) The Purpose and Elements of Situation Analysis [Internet]. Available from: <https://www.thebalancesmb.com/purpose-and-elements-of-a-situational-analysis-2295754> [Accessed 9 December 2018]. Masinde-Indiatsy, C., Stephen Mwangi, M., Nyamboga Mandere, E., Miroga Bichanga, J. & Enock George, G. (2014)The Application of Porter’s Five Forces Model on Organization Performance: A Case of Cooperative Bank of Kenya Ltd. Online.
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT9 Matt (2013) World car production grows 3 times faster than global oil supplies [Internet]. Availablefrom:<http://crudeoilpeak.info/world-car-production-grows-3-times-faster-than- global-oil-supplies> [Accessed 9 December 2018]. O’Brien, S. (2018) Here’s how auto tariffs would affect new car buyers [Internet]. Available from:<https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/25/heres-how-auto-tariffs-would-affect-new-car- buyers.html> [Accessed 9 December 2018]. Porter, M.E. (2008) The Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy [Internet]. Available from: <https://hbr.org/2008/01/the-five-competitive-forces-that-shape-strategy> [Accessed 9 December 2018]. Rae, J.B. & Binder, A.K. (2018) Automotive industry | History, Developments, & Facts | Britannica.com[Internet].Availablefrom: <https://www.britannica.com/technology/automotive-industry>[Accessed9December 2018]. Rmit.edu.au (2011)Industry Scan: Automotive Industry. Steenburgh, T. & Avery, J. (2010) Marketing Analysis Toolkit: Situation Analysis [Internet]. Availablefrom:<https://hbr.org/product/marketing-analysis-toolkit-situation-analysis/an/ 510079-PDF-ENG> [Accessed 9 December 2018]. Valadkhani, A. & Smyth, R. (2016) The effects of the motor vehicle industry on employment and research innovation in Australia.International Journal of Manpower, 37 (4), pp.684– 708.