Stress Assignment: Causes, Effects, and Management
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This stress assignment explores the causes, effects, and management strategies for stress. It covers potential stressors, physiological and psychological responses to stress, long-term effects, and strategies for stress management. It also discusses the impact of diet, exercise, and work-life balanc...
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Running Head: STRESS ASSIGNMENT
Stress Assignment
Students Name
University Affiliation
Date
Stress Assignment
Students Name
University Affiliation
Date
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STRESS ASSIGNMENT 2
Stress assignment
Assessment Activity 1
Question one; potential stressors in the workplace
Workplace stress is defined as the harmful emotional and physical response which can
occur when there is a conflict between the work demands on the employees and the employee's
amount of control over those demands. Some of the potential stressors at the workplace include
lack or inadequate appreciation, inadequate time to finish a task when the skills do not match the
requirements of the job. Role conflict, that is, numerous managers or supervisors (Thompson,
2010), too many jobs or conflicting demands of a job, underpromotion, threats of harassment,
violence, lack or inadequate trust and non-participation in the decision-making process (Melnick,
2013).
Question two; how the body responds to stress physiologically
Stress is a psychological and biological response experienced in the body on
encountering a threat which individuals have no resources to deal with (Giudice et al. 2018).
Severe and sudden stress normally produces increased breathing, increasing heart rate, releasing
of glucose by the liver for energy, digestive activity is reduced as one usually does not feel
hungry. In the rapid breathing and heartbeats, an individual’s body increases respiration rate as
well as the heartbeat to provide oxygen and energy to the body which will be required to aid in
the rapid response to the threat (Wiggert, Wilhelm, Nakajima & al’Absi, 2016). Flushed or pale
skin is also observed during stress, and it occurs because, at the start of the stress, the blood flow
to the surface of the body is limited while blood flow to the brain, muscles, arms, and legs are
increased (Pusch, Bentz, Becker & Navara, 2018). A person who stressed will tremble since the
Stress assignment
Assessment Activity 1
Question one; potential stressors in the workplace
Workplace stress is defined as the harmful emotional and physical response which can
occur when there is a conflict between the work demands on the employees and the employee's
amount of control over those demands. Some of the potential stressors at the workplace include
lack or inadequate appreciation, inadequate time to finish a task when the skills do not match the
requirements of the job. Role conflict, that is, numerous managers or supervisors (Thompson,
2010), too many jobs or conflicting demands of a job, underpromotion, threats of harassment,
violence, lack or inadequate trust and non-participation in the decision-making process (Melnick,
2013).
Question two; how the body responds to stress physiologically
Stress is a psychological and biological response experienced in the body on
encountering a threat which individuals have no resources to deal with (Giudice et al. 2018).
Severe and sudden stress normally produces increased breathing, increasing heart rate, releasing
of glucose by the liver for energy, digestive activity is reduced as one usually does not feel
hungry. In the rapid breathing and heartbeats, an individual’s body increases respiration rate as
well as the heartbeat to provide oxygen and energy to the body which will be required to aid in
the rapid response to the threat (Wiggert, Wilhelm, Nakajima & al’Absi, 2016). Flushed or pale
skin is also observed during stress, and it occurs because, at the start of the stress, the blood flow
to the surface of the body is limited while blood flow to the brain, muscles, arms, and legs are
increased (Pusch, Bentz, Becker & Navara, 2018). A person who stressed will tremble since the
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STRESS ASSIGNMENT 3
muscles become tense as well as ready for action. The tension usually results in shaking or
trembling.
Question three; how the body responds to stress psychologically.
When a situation is considered by the body as stressful, the hypothalamus in the brain is
activated. In response to a stressful condition, the sympathetic nervous of the body is activated
because of the quick release of the hormones. The sympathetic nervous system of the body
stimulates adrenaline glands which further triggers catecholamine (noradrenaline and adrenaline)
to be released. The release of catecholamine leads to an increase in the rate of heartbeat, the rate
of breathing as well as blood pressure. It takes about 22 to 60 minutes for the body to resume
normalcy after the threat is gone. Hypothalamus is in charge of the response to stress. During
stress, signals are normally sent to adrenal medulla and pituitary glands which produces flight or
fight response through the Sympathomedullary Pathway (Gunnar & Adam, 2012). On the other
hand, long term stress is normally controlled by the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA)
system (Kirk, Xie, Steyn, Grattan & Bunn, 2017).
Question four; long-term effects of stress
A little stress normally is not something an individual should worry or be concerned.
However, regular and chronic stress can lead to or exacerbate numerous negative health
problems (Barbee, 2012). Such problems include mental health issues like personality disorder,
depression and anxiety, cardiovascular diseases like high blood pressure, stroke, heart attacks,
abnormal heart rhythms and heart diseases, menstrual problems, overweight and other eating
disorders, sexual dysfunction like premature ejaculation and impotence in men as well as loss of
sexual urge or desire in both women and men. Hair and skin problems like psoriasis, permanent
muscles become tense as well as ready for action. The tension usually results in shaking or
trembling.
Question three; how the body responds to stress psychologically.
When a situation is considered by the body as stressful, the hypothalamus in the brain is
activated. In response to a stressful condition, the sympathetic nervous of the body is activated
because of the quick release of the hormones. The sympathetic nervous system of the body
stimulates adrenaline glands which further triggers catecholamine (noradrenaline and adrenaline)
to be released. The release of catecholamine leads to an increase in the rate of heartbeat, the rate
of breathing as well as blood pressure. It takes about 22 to 60 minutes for the body to resume
normalcy after the threat is gone. Hypothalamus is in charge of the response to stress. During
stress, signals are normally sent to adrenal medulla and pituitary glands which produces flight or
fight response through the Sympathomedullary Pathway (Gunnar & Adam, 2012). On the other
hand, long term stress is normally controlled by the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA)
system (Kirk, Xie, Steyn, Grattan & Bunn, 2017).
Question four; long-term effects of stress
A little stress normally is not something an individual should worry or be concerned.
However, regular and chronic stress can lead to or exacerbate numerous negative health
problems (Barbee, 2012). Such problems include mental health issues like personality disorder,
depression and anxiety, cardiovascular diseases like high blood pressure, stroke, heart attacks,
abnormal heart rhythms and heart diseases, menstrual problems, overweight and other eating
disorders, sexual dysfunction like premature ejaculation and impotence in men as well as loss of
sexual urge or desire in both women and men. Hair and skin problems like psoriasis, permanent

STRESS ASSIGNMENT 4
hair loss, eczema, and acne. Gastrointestinal problems like ulcerative colitis, irritable colon,
GERD, and gastritis (Panda, 2014).
Question five; strategies or services available in health that can help the nurse to manage stress
For nurses to take care of the patients, they need to take care of themselves too
effectively. When nurses are well rested, healthy and safe in their workplace, they tend to have
more life, and their impact on the patient outcome improves as well as the quality care provided.
Job stress can be challenging, and nurses are not left behind. Nurses are believed to work in an
environment which drains emotions with long and tedious workloads (King, Singh, Bernard,
Merianos & Vidourek, 2012). Thus, nurses also end up feeling stressed out and overwhelmed
daily. Nevertheless, as a buildup of stress significantly affects the mood as well as work
performance of individuals, nurses are required to be aware of the various techniques that they
can apply to manage and resume their work with a stable and healthy mindset (Shariatkhah,
Farajzadeh & Khazaee, 2017). It is key to note that prevention and management of workplace
stress are important and should be given much priority for all the emp0loyers and employees as it
negatively impacts on the economy. One of the best technique nurses can apply to reduce or
prevent stress is taking breaks during workday, self-calming and even communicating with a
colleague has been known to manage and prevent stress. Nurses are highly encouraged to use
realistic dreams and goals. Even though numerous patients, as well as doctors, rely on nurses for
daily care and cooperation, they should only take on jobs they can handle to avoid burning out
and being overwhelmed by heavy loads of work. Nurses should also practice relaxation
techniques in their workplaces. It is key to note that every individual has various preferences for
what calms him or her down. Spending time with friends or family, listening to music, and
coloring are some of the methods used by individuals to calm themselves down. Thus, the right
hair loss, eczema, and acne. Gastrointestinal problems like ulcerative colitis, irritable colon,
GERD, and gastritis (Panda, 2014).
Question five; strategies or services available in health that can help the nurse to manage stress
For nurses to take care of the patients, they need to take care of themselves too
effectively. When nurses are well rested, healthy and safe in their workplace, they tend to have
more life, and their impact on the patient outcome improves as well as the quality care provided.
Job stress can be challenging, and nurses are not left behind. Nurses are believed to work in an
environment which drains emotions with long and tedious workloads (King, Singh, Bernard,
Merianos & Vidourek, 2012). Thus, nurses also end up feeling stressed out and overwhelmed
daily. Nevertheless, as a buildup of stress significantly affects the mood as well as work
performance of individuals, nurses are required to be aware of the various techniques that they
can apply to manage and resume their work with a stable and healthy mindset (Shariatkhah,
Farajzadeh & Khazaee, 2017). It is key to note that prevention and management of workplace
stress are important and should be given much priority for all the emp0loyers and employees as it
negatively impacts on the economy. One of the best technique nurses can apply to reduce or
prevent stress is taking breaks during workday, self-calming and even communicating with a
colleague has been known to manage and prevent stress. Nurses are highly encouraged to use
realistic dreams and goals. Even though numerous patients, as well as doctors, rely on nurses for
daily care and cooperation, they should only take on jobs they can handle to avoid burning out
and being overwhelmed by heavy loads of work. Nurses should also practice relaxation
techniques in their workplaces. It is key to note that every individual has various preferences for
what calms him or her down. Spending time with friends or family, listening to music, and
coloring are some of the methods used by individuals to calm themselves down. Thus, the right
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STRESS ASSIGNMENT 5
and effective relaxation technique are key in helping an individual reduce or manage build-up of
stress.
Question six;
a. Impact of diet, exercise, and nutrition on stress
When individual encounter stress, his or her nervous system as well as the adrenalin
gland send signals to the entire body to aid in clear cognitive thinking and ready for any
physical action or response. Eating a well-balanced diet and little will keep the body’s
metabolism ticking and reduces the troughs and peaks in levels of energy. One is
encouraged to take breakfast even though he or she may not feel hungry (Corá, 2010).
Taking breakfast aids to kickstart the body metabolism for the day as well as stabilize the
level of blood sugar which have the potential to reduce stress. One is also advised to eat
fruits and vegetables and focus on foods rich in vitamin C and B as well as magnesium
(Miedziun & Czabała, 2015). Caffeine which is mostly found in tea, some soft drinks and
chocolate and coffee may have negative impacts on the body if consumed in high
quantities. Taking substitutes of caffeine is key in reducing or preventing stress. Exercise
helps in reducing the built-up pressure in the blood cells, thus, preventing and managing
pressure (Li et al. 2019). Even a gentle exercise has the potential to reduce pressure when
combined with a healthier diet.
b. Work-life balance strategies
In the era where the personal and professional demands in our lives normally compete
and collide, we regularly wish and long for more balance. In the professional world,
work-life balance is a common request or plea of overwhelmed and overworked
employees. However, a perfect life can never exist and can only be found in utopia and
and effective relaxation technique are key in helping an individual reduce or manage build-up of
stress.
Question six;
a. Impact of diet, exercise, and nutrition on stress
When individual encounter stress, his or her nervous system as well as the adrenalin
gland send signals to the entire body to aid in clear cognitive thinking and ready for any
physical action or response. Eating a well-balanced diet and little will keep the body’s
metabolism ticking and reduces the troughs and peaks in levels of energy. One is
encouraged to take breakfast even though he or she may not feel hungry (Corá, 2010).
Taking breakfast aids to kickstart the body metabolism for the day as well as stabilize the
level of blood sugar which have the potential to reduce stress. One is also advised to eat
fruits and vegetables and focus on foods rich in vitamin C and B as well as magnesium
(Miedziun & Czabała, 2015). Caffeine which is mostly found in tea, some soft drinks and
chocolate and coffee may have negative impacts on the body if consumed in high
quantities. Taking substitutes of caffeine is key in reducing or preventing stress. Exercise
helps in reducing the built-up pressure in the blood cells, thus, preventing and managing
pressure (Li et al. 2019). Even a gentle exercise has the potential to reduce pressure when
combined with a healthier diet.
b. Work-life balance strategies
In the era where the personal and professional demands in our lives normally compete
and collide, we regularly wish and long for more balance. In the professional world,
work-life balance is a common request or plea of overwhelmed and overworked
employees. However, a perfect life can never exist and can only be found in utopia and

STRESS ASSIGNMENT 6
looking after it only leads to dissatisfaction and frustrations. To reduce pressure at the
workplace, one needs to have flexible job hours, alternate working hours as well as part-
time work which has been proven to increase job or work satisfaction, higher motivation,
productivity and reduce stress. Employers are also encouraged to implement better and
effective work-life balance strategies like promoting technology options which can help
with the daily tasks. An employee is also advised to have ample time with the family
members. The time spent with the family will relieve pressure from the muscles and
ensure that he or she reduces the impact of stress. Spending time with family or friends
also ensures that you can confide in such a person.
c. Complementary and alternative health options to stress include anger management and
depression management. Anger and depression which are the physical and psychological
symptoms must be managed to reduce or prevent stress. Depression can lead one to
committing or doing negative or suicidal activities in his or her life.
Question seven
The three stressors that can lead to death or grief include loss of loved ones, being sacked
at your workplace and promiscuous partner. Most of the mentioned stressors can lead to
depression in one’s life with the resultant repercussion being severe.
Question eight
a. Misdiagnosis in the medical department is one of the stressors which can cause
depression. I managed to talk to my healthcare provider who did everything to salvage
the situation. Misdiagnosis is one of the mistakes happening in most healthcare ecnters.
looking after it only leads to dissatisfaction and frustrations. To reduce pressure at the
workplace, one needs to have flexible job hours, alternate working hours as well as part-
time work which has been proven to increase job or work satisfaction, higher motivation,
productivity and reduce stress. Employers are also encouraged to implement better and
effective work-life balance strategies like promoting technology options which can help
with the daily tasks. An employee is also advised to have ample time with the family
members. The time spent with the family will relieve pressure from the muscles and
ensure that he or she reduces the impact of stress. Spending time with family or friends
also ensures that you can confide in such a person.
c. Complementary and alternative health options to stress include anger management and
depression management. Anger and depression which are the physical and psychological
symptoms must be managed to reduce or prevent stress. Depression can lead one to
committing or doing negative or suicidal activities in his or her life.
Question seven
The three stressors that can lead to death or grief include loss of loved ones, being sacked
at your workplace and promiscuous partner. Most of the mentioned stressors can lead to
depression in one’s life with the resultant repercussion being severe.
Question eight
a. Misdiagnosis in the medical department is one of the stressors which can cause
depression. I managed to talk to my healthcare provider who did everything to salvage
the situation. Misdiagnosis is one of the mistakes happening in most healthcare ecnters.
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STRESS ASSIGNMENT 7
However, if discovers that he or she has been misdiagnosed, he or she can suffer from
chronic or acute depression depending on the intensity of the misdiagnosis.
b. Meeting the deadline of a project in the workplace is a source of stress. To prevent
myself suffering from stress, I planned and did my work in time (Pignata, Boyd,
Winefield & Provis, 2017).
Question nine
If a colleague at the workplace is behaving badly towards me especially sexual
harassment or intimidation, I would avoid him or her or report him or her to the relevant
authority. If the situation persists, I will resign from my post.
Question ten
From the fair work act, it is considered unlawful to harass or intimidate a colleague
sexually. Persistent and continuous sexual harassment and intimidation can negatively affect the
relationship between the employer and employee and employee-employee relationship.
Assessment Activity 2
Question one
The two situations that made me feel stressed in my clinical place was intimidation from my
supervisors and tedious workload.
a. On a scale of 1-10, I can rate my condition at that time at 6. I was averagely stressed due
to the acts of my supervisor.
However, if discovers that he or she has been misdiagnosed, he or she can suffer from
chronic or acute depression depending on the intensity of the misdiagnosis.
b. Meeting the deadline of a project in the workplace is a source of stress. To prevent
myself suffering from stress, I planned and did my work in time (Pignata, Boyd,
Winefield & Provis, 2017).
Question nine
If a colleague at the workplace is behaving badly towards me especially sexual
harassment or intimidation, I would avoid him or her or report him or her to the relevant
authority. If the situation persists, I will resign from my post.
Question ten
From the fair work act, it is considered unlawful to harass or intimidate a colleague
sexually. Persistent and continuous sexual harassment and intimidation can negatively affect the
relationship between the employer and employee and employee-employee relationship.
Assessment Activity 2
Question one
The two situations that made me feel stressed in my clinical place was intimidation from my
supervisors and tedious workload.
a. On a scale of 1-10, I can rate my condition at that time at 6. I was averagely stressed due
to the acts of my supervisor.
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STRESS ASSIGNMENT 8
b. I felt that I would not look for a job in that facility again if both my supervisors are still in
that center.
c. Emotionally I felt depressed and overwhelmed with anger and rage at the supervisors. My
self-esteem dropped as I felt that I was not good enough among my peers. Physically,
looked distraught and out-of-my mind. I did not feel like eating as I did not feel angry.
Source of stress Stress triggers Strategies to manage stress
and self-care technique
From the supervisor Intimidation (Pestonjee &
Pandey, 2013).
Report to the relevant
authority
Share your experience with
close people (Bernstein &
Amacom, 2014).
Supervisor Excessive workload to be
done within a short and
limited deadline
Finish on time
Stop procrastination
References
b. I felt that I would not look for a job in that facility again if both my supervisors are still in
that center.
c. Emotionally I felt depressed and overwhelmed with anger and rage at the supervisors. My
self-esteem dropped as I felt that I was not good enough among my peers. Physically,
looked distraught and out-of-my mind. I did not feel like eating as I did not feel angry.
Source of stress Stress triggers Strategies to manage stress
and self-care technique
From the supervisor Intimidation (Pestonjee &
Pandey, 2013).
Report to the relevant
authority
Share your experience with
close people (Bernstein &
Amacom, 2014).
Supervisor Excessive workload to be
done within a short and
limited deadline
Finish on time
Stop procrastination
References

STRESS ASSIGNMENT 9
Barbee, A. (2012). Everything You Need to Know About Stress Management. [Newmarket, Ont.]:
BrainMass Inc.
Bernstein, A., & Amacom. (2014). Stress Less. Achieve More: Simple Ways to Turn Pressure
into a Positive Force in Your Life. New York: AMACOM.
Corá, G. (2010). ExecutiveHealth.com’s Leading Under Pressure : Strategies to Avoid Burnout,
Increase Energy, and Improve Your Well-being. Pompton Plains, N.J.: Career Press.
Giudice, M. D., Buck, C. L., Chaby, L. E., Gormally, B. M., Taff, C. C., Vitousek, M. N., …
Wada, H. (2018). What Is Stress? A Systems Perspective. Integrative & Comparative
Biology, 58(6), 1019–1032. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icy114
Gunnar, M. R., & Adam, E. K. (2012). The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical System and
Emotion: Current Wisdom and Future Directions. Monographs of the Society for
Research in Child Development, 77(2), 109–119. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-
5834.2011.00669.x
King, K. A., Singh, M., Bernard, A., Merianos, A. L., & Vidourek, R. A. (2012). Employing the
Health Belief Model to Examine Stress Management among College Students. American
Journal of Health Studies, 27(4), 192–203.
Kirk, S. E., Xie, T. Y., Steyn, F. J., Grattan, D. R., & Bunn, S. J. (2017). Restraint stress
increases prolactin-mediated phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of
transcription 5 in the hypothalamus and adrenal cortex in the male mouse. Journal of
Neuroendocrinology, 29(6), 1–N.PAG. https://doi.org/10.1111/jne.12477
Barbee, A. (2012). Everything You Need to Know About Stress Management. [Newmarket, Ont.]:
BrainMass Inc.
Bernstein, A., & Amacom. (2014). Stress Less. Achieve More: Simple Ways to Turn Pressure
into a Positive Force in Your Life. New York: AMACOM.
Corá, G. (2010). ExecutiveHealth.com’s Leading Under Pressure : Strategies to Avoid Burnout,
Increase Energy, and Improve Your Well-being. Pompton Plains, N.J.: Career Press.
Giudice, M. D., Buck, C. L., Chaby, L. E., Gormally, B. M., Taff, C. C., Vitousek, M. N., …
Wada, H. (2018). What Is Stress? A Systems Perspective. Integrative & Comparative
Biology, 58(6), 1019–1032. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icy114
Gunnar, M. R., & Adam, E. K. (2012). The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical System and
Emotion: Current Wisdom and Future Directions. Monographs of the Society for
Research in Child Development, 77(2), 109–119. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-
5834.2011.00669.x
King, K. A., Singh, M., Bernard, A., Merianos, A. L., & Vidourek, R. A. (2012). Employing the
Health Belief Model to Examine Stress Management among College Students. American
Journal of Health Studies, 27(4), 192–203.
Kirk, S. E., Xie, T. Y., Steyn, F. J., Grattan, D. R., & Bunn, S. J. (2017). Restraint stress
increases prolactin-mediated phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of
transcription 5 in the hypothalamus and adrenal cortex in the male mouse. Journal of
Neuroendocrinology, 29(6), 1–N.PAG. https://doi.org/10.1111/jne.12477

STRESS ASSIGNMENT 10
Li, H., Shi, Y., Xing, Z., Li, Y., Wang, S., Ying, J., … Zhao, M. (2019). The effectiveness of
aromatherapy and massage on stress management in nurses: A systematic
review. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 28(3/4), 372–385. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14596
Melnick, S. (2013). Success Under Stress: Powerful Tools for Staying Calm, Confident, and
Productive When the Pressure’s On. New York: AMACOM.
Miedziun, P., & Czabała, J. C. (2015). Stress Management Techniques. Archives of Psychiatry &
Psychotherapy, 17(4), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.12740/APP/61082
Panda, S. (2014). Stress and health: Symptoms and techniques of psychotherapeutic
management. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(4), 516–520.
Pestonjee, D. M., & Pandey, S. C. (2013). Stress and Work: Perspectives on Understanding and
Managing Stress. New Delhi: Sage Publications Pvt. Ltd.
Pignata, S., Boyd, C. M., Winefield, A. H., & Provis, C. (2017). Interventions: Employees’
Perceptions of What Reduces Stress. BioMed Research International, 2017, 1–12.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3919080
Pusch, E. A., Bentz, A. B., Becker, D. J., & Navara, K. J. (2018). Behavioral phenotype predicts
physiological responses to chronic stress in proactive and reactive birds. General &
Comparative Endocrinology, 255, 71–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.10.008
Shariatkhah, J., Farajzadeh, Z., & Khazaee, K. (2017). The Effects of Cognitive-Behavioral
Stress Management on Nurses’ Job Stress. Iranian Journal of Nursing & Midwifery
Research, 22(5), 398–402. https://doi.org/10.4103/1735-9066.215683
Li, H., Shi, Y., Xing, Z., Li, Y., Wang, S., Ying, J., … Zhao, M. (2019). The effectiveness of
aromatherapy and massage on stress management in nurses: A systematic
review. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 28(3/4), 372–385. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14596
Melnick, S. (2013). Success Under Stress: Powerful Tools for Staying Calm, Confident, and
Productive When the Pressure’s On. New York: AMACOM.
Miedziun, P., & Czabała, J. C. (2015). Stress Management Techniques. Archives of Psychiatry &
Psychotherapy, 17(4), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.12740/APP/61082
Panda, S. (2014). Stress and health: Symptoms and techniques of psychotherapeutic
management. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(4), 516–520.
Pestonjee, D. M., & Pandey, S. C. (2013). Stress and Work: Perspectives on Understanding and
Managing Stress. New Delhi: Sage Publications Pvt. Ltd.
Pignata, S., Boyd, C. M., Winefield, A. H., & Provis, C. (2017). Interventions: Employees’
Perceptions of What Reduces Stress. BioMed Research International, 2017, 1–12.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3919080
Pusch, E. A., Bentz, A. B., Becker, D. J., & Navara, K. J. (2018). Behavioral phenotype predicts
physiological responses to chronic stress in proactive and reactive birds. General &
Comparative Endocrinology, 255, 71–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.10.008
Shariatkhah, J., Farajzadeh, Z., & Khazaee, K. (2017). The Effects of Cognitive-Behavioral
Stress Management on Nurses’ Job Stress. Iranian Journal of Nursing & Midwifery
Research, 22(5), 398–402. https://doi.org/10.4103/1735-9066.215683
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STRESS ASSIGNMENT 11
Thompson, H. L. (2010). The Stress Effect: Why Smart Leaders Make Dumb Decisions--And
What to Do About It (Vol. 1st ed). San Francisco, Calif: Jossey-Bass.
Wiggert, N., Wilhelm, F. H., Nakajima, M., & al’Absi, M. (2016). Chronic Smoking, Trait
Anxiety, and the Physiological Response to Stress. Substance Use & Misuse, 51(12),
1619–1628. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2016.1191511
Thompson, H. L. (2010). The Stress Effect: Why Smart Leaders Make Dumb Decisions--And
What to Do About It (Vol. 1st ed). San Francisco, Calif: Jossey-Bass.
Wiggert, N., Wilhelm, F. H., Nakajima, M., & al’Absi, M. (2016). Chronic Smoking, Trait
Anxiety, and the Physiological Response to Stress. Substance Use & Misuse, 51(12),
1619–1628. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2016.1191511
1 out of 11
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