Stroke Document Assesment Analysis

Running Head: STROKE 0
Stroke
[Document subtitle]
FEBRUARY 7, 2020

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Introduction A stroke is the unexpected onset of faintness, shock, paralysis, indistinct
speech, aphasia, issues with vision and other appearances of a sudden
stoppage of blood movement to a specific area of the brain. The rupture
or the blockage stops the blood and oxygen supply in the brain tissues.
Early treatment with effective medication can reduce the chances of
brain damage. Other different treatment options focus on limiting the
complication and avoiding further stroke (Smajlović, 2015). In this
particular report, the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic and
treatment option for stroke will be discussed including the role of health
care team and nurses.
Epidemiology Stroke is recognized as the third main reason for deaths among Canadian
adults, after heart disorder and cancer. Particularly in Canada, more than
50,000 strokes happen yearly. A report published by the heart and stroke
foundation in 2015 reported that there has also been an upsurge in
strokes among individuals under 65 and an upsurge in all stroke risk
aspects for a younger adult. Particularly in 2016 around 62000 stroke
cases of stroke reported annually, and more than 400,000 people in
Canada diagnosed with this health issue in 2017 (Heart and stroke
foundation, 2018a).
Pathophysiology A stroke happens when the blood movement towards an area of the
human brain is broken up, leading to some degree of enduring
neurological injury. The two main classes of stroke are an ischaemic and
hemorrhagic stroke. The Ischemic stroke happens due to a lack of blood
supply to the different parts of the brain, starting the ischemic cascade.

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Further, the Brain tissue stops functioning if left without oxygen for
more than 1 to 1.5 minutes and after around three hours will experience
irreversible injury probably leading to the decease of the brain tissue
(Chen, Ovbiagele & Feng, 2016). Damaged parts of the atherosclerotic
plaque can trigger a blood clot to develop, which chunks the blood
vessel. In the embolic type of stroke, blood clots or fragments from
elsewhere inside the human body, characteristically the heart valves,
transport through the cardiovascular system and chunk narrower blood
circulation pathway. Hemorrhage stroke happens when there is a brain
tissue injury by causing the density of tissue from an
increasing hematoma or hematomas (Aiyagari & Gorelick, 2016).
Diagnosis There are different methods are available to diagnose the stroke such as
a physical examination, tests performed on blood samples, the
computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging. Other options
may include carotid ultrasound, different cerebral angiograms, and use
of echocardiogram. CT scan and MRI are the most common tests
performed to diagnose a stroke. CT scan uses a range of X rays and an
MRI powerful radio waves and magnets are used (Zerna et al., 2018).
Treatment To manage the ischemic type of stroke a doctor may recommend
emergency IV medication, an endovascular procedure like eliminating
the clot with the stent retriever. For the treatment of hemorrhage stroke
emergency measures, surgery, surgical clipping, surgical AVM
elimination, and stereotactic type of radiosurgery might be used (Lu,
2019). In the IV medication, a drug like tPA (alteplase) is injected up to
4.5 hours after a stroke. In the endovascular procedure, a device with the

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catheter is used to eradicate the clot. In the carotid endarterectomy, a
plague is removed from a carotid artery by surgery and in the
angioplasty and stents the clinician threads the catheter to the carotid
type of arteries by an artery in the groin. Further, a balloon is
exaggerated to expand in the narrowed artery. In the surgical clipping
procedure, the tiny clamp is placed at the foundation of the aneurysm, to
block the blood movement towards it (Hasan et al., 2018).
Healthcare
professionals
Clinicians: A clinician chooses on assessing, treatment, and how the
patient can stop future strokes
Cardiologists: A cardiologist Clinicians is specialized in taking care of
heart problems. They control if the patient has any heart issues that
might have caused the stroke (Heart and stroke foundation, 2018b).
Chemist: qualified to practice medicine with doctor supervision. They
accomplish a complete range of medicinal duties, from rudimentary
primary patient care to advanced-technology specialty dealings.
Physiotherapist: Help in recovering from physical capabilities,
strength, and stability, for tasks like walking. A physiotherapist
helps the patient to improve mobility. They assess patient’s
mobility and than deliver interventions (Olaleye & Lawal, 2017).
Social worker: Social workers might help the patient with societal
and emotional difficulties. They might also work with the patients
and their families to plan home care after discharge (Lehnerer et al.,
2019).
Dietician: A dietitian evaluates the ability of the patient to eat.

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They classify foods and meals that help in the recovery by
considering the nutritional requirements, swallowing problems and
food choices (Rodgers & Price, 2017).
Educators: Educators support the patient to learn about the stroke
and its impacts.
Neuropsychologists: evaluate the influence of stroke on the
cognitive or intellectual abilities of the patient. This health
professional can teach the patient about how to help in the brain
recover and perform cognitive activities. This particular health
professional also concerned with the management of behavior and
remembrance difficulties, with effective counseling and recommending
patients and family about difficulties, which might happen in daily living
as a consequence of the Stroke (Heart and stroke foundation, 2018b).
Role of nurses Nurses are the core member of a stroke team and they spend more
time with the diseased person compare to other health care
professionals. They work strictly with the patients and their
families throughout all phases of recovery including the in and out
of healthcare setting (George et al., 2017). They deliver physical
care, examinations, and direction of care. A registered nurse is also
skilled in providing emotional support to the patient. They advocate for
care with other team members. The experienced nurses can teach the
patient about self-management strategies and how to avoid another
stroke (Heart and stroke foundation, 2018b).
Conclusion A stroke is defined as the unexpected onset of the symptoms like

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faintness, numbness, speech issues, etc. currently in Canada, around
50,000 new cases of stroke happen annually. due to the blockage or
rupture of the blood ducts, the brain tissues experience a lack of oxygen
and blood. It can be diagnosed by using methods like CT scan, and MRI.
The treatment methods available for the disease include surgery, IV
medication, endovascular procedures, etc. the stroke health care team
may help the patient in recovery include physicians, neurologists, social
workers, etc. A nurse has an important role in the team as they spend
more time with the patient.
References Aiyagari, V., & Gorelick, P. B. (Eds.). (2016). Hypertension and stroke:
Pathophysiology and management. Humana Press.
Chen, R., Ovbiagele, B., & Feng, W. (2016). Diabetes and stroke:
epidemiology, pathophysiology, pharmaceuticals, and outcomes.
The American journal of the medical sciences, 351(4), 380-386.
George, P., Wisco, D. R., Gebel, J., Uchino, K., & Newey, C. R. (2017).
Nurses are as specific and are earlier in calling in-hospital stroke
alerts compared to physicians. Journal of Stroke and
Cerebrovascular Diseases, 26(5), 917-921.
Hasan, T. F., Rabinstein, A. A., Middlebrooks, E. H., Haranhalli, N.,
Silliman, S. L., Meschia, J. F., & Tawk, R. G. (2018, April).
Diagnosis and management of acute ischemic stroke. In Mayo
Clinic Proceedings (Vol. 93, No. 4, pp. 523-538). Elsevier.
Heart and stroke foundation (2018a). Stroke report. Retrieved from:
https://www.heartandstroke.ca/what-we-do/media-centre/stroke-

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report
Heart and stroke foundation (2018b). Your stroke recovery team.
Retrieved from: https://www.heartandstroke.ca/stroke/recovery-
and-support/stroke-care/your-stroke-recovery-team
Lehnerer, S., Hotter, B., Padberg, I., Knispel, P., Remstedt, D.,
Liebenau, A., ... & BSA Long Term Care Study Group. (2019).
Social work support and unmet social needs in life after stroke: a
cross-sectional exploratory study. BMC neurology, 19(1), 220.
Lu, D. Y. (2019). Brain Stroke Treatment, Emergency Importance. EC
Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, 3, 115-117.
Olaleye, O. A., & Lawal, Z. I. (2017). Utilization of physiotherapy in the
continuum of stroke care at a tertiary hospital in Ibadan,
Nigeria. African health sciences, 17(1), 79-87.
Rodgers, H., & Price, C. (2017). Stroke unit care, inpatient rehabilitation
and early supported discharge. Clinical Medicine, 17(2), 173.
Smajlović, D. (2015). Strokes in young adults: epidemiology and
prevention. Vascular health and risk management, 11, 157.
Zerna, C., Thomalla, G., Campbell, B. C., Rha, J. H., & Hill, M. D.
(2018). Current practice and future directions in the diagnosis
and acute treatment of ischaemic stroke. The Lancet, 392(10154),
1247-1256.