Tourism Management and Development

This assignment focuses on the topic of tourism management and development. It provides an overview of various research papers and articles related to tourism, including environmental governance, sustainable tourism development, medical tourism, and the impact of climate change on travel. The assignment also discusses the role of technology in consumer behavior, global economic crises, and the influence of social media on tourism marketing. It appears to be a review or summary of existing literature in the field of tourism studies.

The Travel and Tourism

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................2
1.1: Covered in poster.............................................................................................................2
1.2: Structure of travel and tourism sectors............................................................................2
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
2.1 and 2.2 Covered in PPT....................................................................................................3
2.3 Article...............................................................................................................................3
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
3.1: Factors affecting demand and supply of tourism sectors................................................5
3.2: Changes in supply and demand of travel and tourism.....................................................6
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................7
4.1: Positive and negative impacts of tourism........................................................................7
4.2: Planning that can be used for reducing negative impacts...............................................8
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Travel and tourism is one of the important sectors which will help people to experience
various beautiful and attractive location and places to visits. In current situation, maximum
number of people is travelling from one place to another in the manner to enjoy their life and to
spend quality time with their partner and families. For this purpose, various companies are
providing plenty of packages and facilities to make their dream successful. TUI is one of them,
which is known for the best travelling company that provide necessary services to their
customers to roam around. This project assignment is draw attention of various aspects that are
associated with global environment within which travel and tourism sectors operate. It covers
different historical analysis, present structure of tourism sector and external factors those are
related with tourism. It also talks about impact of tourism over host country and to that their
environment are presented under this project. Understandings of national and global policies that
assess tourism industry are discussed in it. Various political effects and changes on the
operations of tourism business are clearly examined.
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TASK 1
1.1: Covered in poster
1.2: Structure of travel and tourism sectors
It has been observed in recent time that tourism is one of the largest sectors so that size of
this particular industry is much more complex. There are various types of organisation that help
them to form a well organise structure for tourism sectors in UK. Some of them are discussed
underneath:
Distributors: It will consists of various parties such as travel agents, some aggregators
those are responsible for providing services to the customers by making integration with other
travelling company. Like for example, cab service and hotel sectors. These are mostly work
through internet portals that could be helpful for selecting interesting information about different
locations.
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Accommodation: It is associated with Hotel and motels services in the cities that
facilitate effective space and food to those people who came for the purpose of visit. If talked
about London city there are almost 110 hotels and around 56 small guest houses that are
delivering accommodation facilities to tourists.
Transport: It is known as one of the necessary aspects of any travel and tourism sectors.
It consists of road, rail and air transport services to plenty of tourists. It provides easy
convenience of people to reach at one destination to another. It can connect foreign countries air
routes so that tourists can avail these services.
Tour operators: It is related with those companies which are associated with providing
travelling facilities to maximum customers such as TUI Group Ltd.
Legal bodies: These are those government bodies which are establish for the purpose of
maintain and control holiday packages services offer by travelling company’s. Some of them are
ICAO and ABTA etc.
Visitors: these are related with most effective players of tourism business organisation. It
provides facilities and necessary requirement associated with travelling. The prime objective is
to draw attention of maximum people toward their business.
Public sector organisation: In this sector, there are mainly two types of organisation
working in that segment such as charitable organisation and public limited. Public sectors are
heavily funded by central or local governing bodies of UK. Whereas, charitable sectors are work
voluntary.
There are various effective agencies those are working in the field of travel and tourism
sectors. In order to attract maximum number of tourists they used to offer economical packages
and accommodation to them. It will help them to visits attractive places for their own choice.
TASK 2
2.1 and 2.2 Covered in PPT
2.3 Article
Implication of political factors in travel and tourism sectors
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Name: XYZ
Date:
In most of company’s whether related with any sector has to face problem of various
factors that affect their business performance and growth. In case of TUI group they also have
to face local government rules and regulations. It affects their profitability and future
dependencies at a large scale. The external aspects are needed to be prime concern for Travel
and tourism sectors. Because they need to make obey taxation system or any other laws related
with safety and securities of tourist. Especially outside people those are come for the first time.
Political factors surrounding a tourism destination can be of vital importance to get maximum
advantage of travel and tourism sectors in the particular nation. Instability in political sector for
a nation would be a prime concern for people those are visiting that country in case of higher
possibility for war and risk associated with it (Blanke and Chiesa, 2013). However, a tourism
sector is known as perfect example of political implication a Travel sectors. It will overcome
the costs of tourists for captioned nation more significantly. One of the biggest reasons with
political insecurity of tourism destination that would formulate negative publicity for a business
packages. It will also make huge impact over cash inflows or customers at the same point of
time. It is considered as that aspects in which tourists would calculate the intensity of political
environment for a specific nation before making any necessary travelling plan. The decision
making steps can affect in case there is possibilities of political stability in that country. If it has
been observed about UK, it can be said that there is huge political stability and this is major
reason TUI Group of companies are using maximum benefits. Most of the tourists think that
UK is safer and perfect nation to travel anytime and anywhere. Some policy developer in a
tourist destination would be aware of all those critical risk factors that are associated with
tourism sectors. Before making any crucial decision TUI group make complete calculation and
analysis of risk factors and solve it more quickly so that it does not affect tourists after their
visit. Tourism sector is more vulnerable to various factors, these can disrupt the business of
tourism sectors. It will lead to decline in number of customers as well as their profit. The types
and risk of effects mostly relies on what types of political changes can be arises in that country
(Chen, 2011). It is mostly depend upon travelling agency which is planning their trip. They are
mostly responsible for make necessary adjustments in order to m overcome political impact on
tourists.
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UK India
The maximum number of visits by European
union is more than double that of visits from
residents in other parts of the nation.
The economic development can be enhances
because of political decision making.
It is mainly affected by international economic
and political trends those are regulating in
present times.
The gross domestic product would trend to
increase with maximum visitors visiting to the
countries.
It will increase fair trade and poverty
reduction with maximum visits.
Generation of income and employment. With
the results there are more than 8.73% of total
employment in India. Around 20million are
working in tourism sectors.
TASK 3
3.1: Factors affecting demand and supply of tourism sectors
In recent times, tourism is spreading at a very faster rate. Demand for tourism sector is also
increasing day by day. It is related with various numbers of individuals those are associated with
tourism activities and availing services which are provided by TUI group. But in this era, there is
a tough competition in the market that affects demand of tourism because many companies are
associated with the same business (Erkuş-Öztürk and Eraydın, 2010). They are providing same
kind of business and provide more economical facilities or packages to numerous customers. The
demand of tourism is mostly affected by external factors. It covers various factors at government
level. There is huge need to the tour operators that is influence by several factors that impact on
tourism demand. The customer’s needs are varies by the time. It has been observed that many
companies are determining multiple destinations and providing superior quality of services to
interested customers as per their requirements. There are various factors that are affecting its
demand those are discussed underneath:
l Demographic factors: It refers to that factors which are related with age, family income
and occupation, income level and other categories that are related with people. In this,
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migration from one destination to another affect culture and norms of the society. TUI
Group is operating at global level which help various people those are having different
desires (Huang and et. al., 2013). Every demand can be fulfilled by the managers of the
company in appropriate manner. Such kind change can made bad impact on the variety of
tourists, nature of travelling and choice of location.
l Social factors: It is an important factor which is related with development of society by
providing them comfortable services and safety (Scanning the Environment: PESTEL
Analysis, 2016). It has been seen that plenty of customers are travelling from one country
to another for visiting attractive places. But all have different culture, belief and norms
that vary with person to person. For those people TUI is providing accommodation,
amenities and accessibilities to enjoy their journey in more effective manner.
l Economic factors: It is considered as important factors which are related with
development of economic system. The TUI group is paying maximum attention over
effective product and services to tourists as per the needs and requirements. In this ways,
company is able to divided two kinds of customers, one who belongs to low level of
income and another one is those which is having maximum level (Heung, Kucukusta and
Song, 2011). Low category people are not usually spend much over travelling while, high
class people always avail such kind of services.
3.2: Changes in supply and demand of travel and tourism
In the present scenario, supply help in monitoring and controlling demand of tourism
sectors. As, it has been observed that both of them are associated with each other. The TUI group
is best known for providing superior quality of facilities and services related with tourism
sectors. The primary objectives of this particular industry are to make retention strategies for
keeping maximum number of customers with their own side. This planning is done for attain
long term objectives (Standing, Tang-Taye and Boyer, 2014). It is important for company's
manager to provide full supply of services as per demand of tourists. The product delivering is
not much costly because they planning to do so they can not be able to control their downfall. It
is beneficial for TUI Group Company is to established proper research plan in order to meet our
customer’s tastes and demands, gain competitive advantages and use marketing strategies in best
possible ways. It is the primary role of managers to keep demand and supply according to the
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requirements of people. Some of the necessary aspects that are related with consumer needs and
their expectation are:
Quality: It is one of the crucial aspects that customers always demand from any tourist
agency. The services are major concern for them. They switch over the best company which is
delivering superior quality of services (Látková and Vogt, 2012). TUI group is having well
overlooked in delivering quality of products and services that can satisfy customers need as
wants. Companies are delivering effective training and development facilities to its staffs in
order to increase their skills and abilities.
Types of facilities: It is important for the company to delivery attractive offers and
schemes with booking of their trip so that they can motivate towards them. In this particular
situations, company need to make maximum attention over product design, packaging and their
offers.
Accommodation: The demand can varies with the facilities related with the
accommodation services provided by the company (Glover, 2011). It is important for the
companies to deliver superior facilities to tourists so that their moral can be boost. It can of
rooms quality, transportation facility, relationship with support staffs etc.
Technological aspects: It is very true that, technology can make business easier. It will
help them to conduct their operations in more effective manner without any misconduct. It can
also save cost and time of their own as well as their customers (Moutinho, 2011). TUI Group is
providing online booking and discount facilities for those who make payment through using their
credit or debit card.
TASK 4
4.1: Positive and negative impacts of tourism
It is important for TUI group to determine their negative and positive aspects that are
affecting their business. It can be making direct or indirect impact over their profitability and
growth position. It is mainly related with social, economical and environmental influences. It is
important for the managers of the company to analyse all these factors on an regular basis
(Peeters and Dubois, 2010). It has been observed that tourism sectors are moving at a faster rate
and at the same point of time they can be affected by various factors. Some of them are discussed
underneath:
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Social factors: In order to maintain a peaceful economic standard, TUI Group is needed
to analyse socio economical aspects that are related with tourism sectors. It has been found that
various people are related with different religion, nationality and culture etc. It is necessary for
the company to identify their actual needs as per their culture. The facilities can be provided
according to their convenes that cannot affect their beliefs or values. Its positive aspects for TUI
are to provide services more easy ways to its own country people. While, negative aspects are
considered as those aspects which can create difficulties for outside tourist.
Environmental factors: For any business whether, travel and tourism sectors they all
need to work by keeping their effective maintenance of their surroundings. TUI group is
responsible for delivering superior quality of services to customers while rendering services of
tourism (Irudeen and Samaraweera, 2013). Its positive implication is that, if company's is using
resources as utmost curial manner then chances of getting more accurate results can be possible.
While, negative impacts of this factors if company is using plastic coupons for promotion
purpose they can make bad impacts on environment.
Economic factors: Under this factors, the positive factors is that if UK government is
providing formulation of new hotels, infrastructure services and creating job opportunities in
travel and tourism sectors are considered. By using perfect analysis of customers lifestyle
planning can be done. Maximum portion of revenue is comes from tourism sector to the
government. It needs to be planning in accurate manners so that government would provide new
facility or opportunities to the nation.
4.2: Planning that can be used for reducing negative impacts
As, external aspects are affecting the sustainability and profitability of an organisation.
Managers need to implement attractive strategies and programs in order to overcome negatives
aspects. In this relation, there are various tourism companies are related with delivering superior
services in tourism sectors. With the use of effective plans and policies impact of home country
can be reduced. It has been found that company is having right kind of planning and strategies
which can be helpful for them to gain competitive advantage over other companies. In this
purpose, TUI is using diverse business planning system.
It can be useful in eliminating over dependency on other sectors. By this, long term goals
and objectives would be easily attained during the period of time. In order to reduce negative
impacts on environment, TUI group is re framing and establishing reliable strategies to overcome
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all these issues. If any company is using inappropriate business policies, it may create maximum
difficulties in delivering positive results to them (Soliman, 2011). Further, in this context,
tourism companies have to perform and cooperate with other agency for more effective results in
coming times.
Eco- friendly tourism: In recent times, both tourism company and government is
working together to deliver economical stability in an organisation. With this environment
problems can be overcome.
Diversification: At the visitor attractive places TUI group is delivering plenty of
attractive product and services to its customers. It is related with a firm or business units into
new line of activities that are operated at internal level.
CONCLUSION
From the above project report, it has been concluded that travel and tourism sectors is an
effective business in current situation. They are delivering superior services and hospitality to its
tourists that are visiting to various attractive places. This project consists of various information
about implication of political changes over tourism sectors in different parts of the nation. It also
studied structure of tourism sectors and functions of local and national bodies. Different factors
that are affecting local and national policy are discussed under this. The understanding of various
implications of demand and supply on tourism sectors are explain under this project reports. It
also discussed social, environmental and economical factors and related strategies to reduce their
impact on tourism sectors are clearly explain under this project.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Blanke, J. and Chiesa, T., 2013, May. The travel & tourism competitiveness report 2013. In The
World Economic Forum.
Chen, M.H., 2011. The response of hotel performance to international tourism development and
crisis events. International Journal of Hospitality Management. 30(1). pp.200-212.
Erkuş-Öztürk, H. and Eraydın, A., 2010. Environmental governance for sustainable tourism
development: Collaborative networks and organisation building in the Antalya tourism
region. Tourism management.31(1). pp.113-124.
Heung, V.C., Kucukusta, D. and Song, H., 2011. Medical tourism development in Hong Kong:
An assessment of the barriers. Tourism Management. 32(5). pp.995-1005.
Látková, P. and Vogt, C.A., 2012. Residents’ attitudes toward existing and future tourism
development in rural communities. Journal of Travel Research. 51(1). pp.50-67.
Moutinho, L. ed., 2011. Strategic management in tourism. Cabi.
Peeters, P. and Dubois, G., 2010. Tourism travel under climate change mitigation constraints.
Journal of Transport Geography. 18(3). pp.447-457.
Xiang, Z., Magnini, V.P. and Fesenmaier, D.R., 2015. Information technology and consumer
behavior in travel and tourism: Insights from travel planning using the internet.Journal
of Retailing and Consumer Services. 22. pp.244-249.
Papatheodorou, A., Rosselló, J. and Xiao, H., 2010. Global economic crisis and tourism:
Consequences and perspectives. Journal of Travel Research. 49(1). pp.39-45.
Dickinson, J.E. and Lumsdon, L., 2010. Slow travel and tourism. Earthscan.AlSayyad, N., 2013.
Consuming tradition, manufacturing heritage: global norms and urban forms in the age
of tourism. Routledge.
Huang, Y.C. and et. al., 2013. Exploring user acceptance of 3D virtual worlds in travel and
tourism marketing. Tourism Management. 36. pp.490-501.
Standing, C., Tang-Taye, J.P. and Boyer, M., 2014. The impact of the Internet in travel and
tourism: A research review 2001–2010. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 31(1).
pp.82-113.
Glover, P., 2011. International students: Linking education and travel. Journal of Travel &
Tourism Marketing. 28(2). pp.180-195.
Irudeen, R. and Samaraweera, S., 2013, December. Big data solution for Sri Lankan
development: A case study from travel and tourism. In Advances in ICT for Emerging
Regions (ICTer), 2013 International Conference on (pp. 207-216). IEEE.
Soliman, D.M., 2011. Exploring the role of film in promoting domestic tourism: A case study of
Al Fayoum, Egypt. Journal of Vacation Marketing. 17(3). pp.225-235.
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Online
Scanning the Environment: PESTEL Analysis. 2016. [Online]. Available through:
<http://www.business-to-you.com/scanning-the-environment-pestel-analysis/>.
[Accessed on 14th November, 2017].
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