Analysis of Study Benefits and Valuation Techniques in Coastal Tourism

This report provides an analysis of a study focusing on the economic benefits of coastal tourism, particularly in Mersin, Turkey, and explores the application of the willingness to pay approach. The study's summary highlights the importance of coastal tourism as a revenue source, while also acknowledging threats such as pollution and coastal development. The report then critically examines the study's limitations in terms of design, methodology, and documentation, identifying potential shortcomings and biases. Furthermore, it proposes improvements for future studies, suggesting the continued use of the willingness to pay technique, while also considering other valuation methods like the opportunity cost method. The report emphasizes the importance of sustainable coastal management and policy implications for tourism and environmental protection.

Study Benefits
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Contents
a). Summary of the study.............................................................................................................3
b). Description of potential deficits or limitations of original study in term of design,
methodology and documentation.................................................................................................3
c). Description of potential improvement for new study on the topic by using same valuation
technique......................................................................................................................................5
d). Other valuation techniques exist that could be used..............................................................7
REREFENCES................................................................................................................................9
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a). Summary of the study
Beaches are one of the most important fundamental aspects that helps in maintaining costal
ecological balance. Not only has this it also worked as a source of tourism as well. Various kinds
of tourist willingly pay to visit coastal beaches. Coastal tourism is one of the major sources of
revenue for turkey because of which it becomes of the most important resource which is required
to be maintained by Turkey (Birdir, Ünal and Williams, 2013). But recently due excessive
amount of coastal development, pollution, erosion and because of many other factors this coastal
tourism is being threatened. Even government is allowing to rent beaches within their border and
providing maintenance to them as well. These coastal beaches not only work as a source of
income for Turkey but also provides various kinds of economic benefits as well. For this Turkey
is using Willingness to pay approach or economic instrument for coastal tourism management in
which they conducted a survey upon 432 respondents in which approximately 92 percent of
respondents were willing to pay to see beaches improved though various kinds of issues and
ways in which overall quality of beaches can be maintained (Birdir, Ünal and Williams, 2013).
b). Description of potential deficits or limitations of original study in term of design,
methodology and documentation.
The study is based on the willingness to pay as an economic instrument for coastal tourism
management. In order to gather or collect large amount of information from the different
respondent as per conducting the survey. The original study has mention the importance of
coastal tourism which always increased the source of revenue. So as considered the one of most
important assets. However, it has been threatened by excessive costal developments, pollution as
well as erosion. The study has been representing the economic benefits, increase income sources
through this tourism management. By implementing “Willing to pay” approach, it can possible
to place in the economic value. Afterwards, it automatically turn into the economic policies and
procedures (Ito and Zhang, 2020). According to study, it has identified the possible problem or
issues but also implementing the solution in term of sustainable. Therefore, it has adapting the
sustainable coastal beach which become consider main concern of beach management. It is also
part of wider integrated coastal zone management approach.
The study area is mainly focused on the Mersin which located at the eastern
Mediterranean coast of turkey. The population of 1,667,939 and its surface area approximately
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15,000 square kilometre (Kidane, Wei and Sibhatu, 2019). It became great experience where
identify the Mersin coastline and calculate the percentage of reclamations along with erosion. In
this way, it has concluded that original study only covered the certain areas where identify its
current economic condition or situation.
Possible design Limitation
The Limitations of study are those defined the characteristics of design as well as
methodology. Sometimes, it may impact on interpretation of result or outcome within study. It is
important for generalising the constraint and also utilised the finding that representing in proper
manner. When it could be used the method for purpose of study so as required to establish both
internal as well as external validity.
The limitation of design in the original study when information about the “willingness to
pay” as an economic instrument for coastal tourism management which are generally placed
wither at beginning of discussion (Schuhmann and et. Al., 2019). In this way, it become easier
for learner to understand the concept of study purpose. Before concluding the part which require
to analysis of finding and also outline the acknowledgement in the further study expansion.
“Willing to pay” study has been flawed due to limitation. It has increased the inability to acquire
the critical data or information. In research study, it has representing the seriousness and not
properly define the research problem so that it has developed issues or problem. The representing
of research design may be considered small data which not sufficient to explore the importance
of topic.
Possible method limitation
The limitation of method is that analysis the use in current study which become dictated
by other research problem on the basis of investigation. When researcher has been used the
sample size which not enough so that focus on more respondents. In order to gather or collect
large amount of information or data in proper manner. On the other hand, the study is usually
conducted on the basis of literature review which always help lay a foundation for understanding
the research problem and investigating. Sometimes, it also depending on the scope of project but
the original study may focus on the opinion of respondents (Rodella and et.al., 2019). It is
important for considering the relevant information from previous studies. In this way, it has
developed the limitation that can sever as few data. The research study has been used the
quantitative method for identifying the accurate result or outcome. But it has limitation about the
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usable result which already applicable previous studies. In this way, it has generated similar
outcome which cannot appropriate for current study. It is important thing that every study
generate different result on the basis of analysis (Kidane, Wei and Sibhatu, 2019). At that time, it
has been considered the limitation of finding in Quantitative methodology.
Sometimes, it is not completing the interpretation of finding because it enable to discover
the information or data but not focused on the specific questions during survey. In this way, it
cannot revise the specific method for purpose of data collection.
Possible document limitation
The limitation of documentation is that when researcher were not organised the
information in sequential manner. The original study related willingness to pay” as an economic
instrument for coastal tourism management which depends on having access to documentation
whatever reason, access denied or otherwise limited.
This study has potential document limitation. In order to effect on the estimates in the
model which considered both interventional as well as prospective observational studies. Due to
nature of question which has been used limited as alternative approach (Kidane, Wei and
Sibhatu, 2019). As conducting the survey but not recognised in proper result. Rather than led the
team to diverse case studies from which to draw conclusion. The development of additional
information related coastal beach management which implies that tourism industry is embracing
which not only alternative delivery option. In another way, it has developed the relationship with
other participant so that they can share their opinion where how to design the proper
documentation. It is important to add specific data that always attract more readers.
The documentation consists of historical data which pertaining to material specifications
and quality in every aspects (Abu-Ghunmi and et. al., 2016). There will be consider the lack of
data consistency so that they can represent as limitation of document. It is an essential thing to
measure the quality assurance and including specific key words to identify the performance of
topic within future scope.
c). Description of potential improvement for new study on the topic by using same valuation
technique.
Contingent valuation method of technique is based on the approach that mainly developed
for estimating the economic value. It may include the division places on the non-market goods
and services (Kidane, Wei and Sibhatu, 2019). The original study has been used the valuation
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technique and plays important for increasing the service from public protects, programs and
other policies. This type of technique always supports for enhancing overall case study. it give
provide brief idea where how acquire more information through valuation survey.
Although, it has proposed the technique for purpose of environment valuation in order to
maintain the sustainability (Kidane, Wei and Sibhatu, 2019). The method will be applied the
valuation which providing the better environment or culture within Coastal beach whereas large
population enjoy their time without pollution. Sometimes, it become controversial thing occurs
when difficult for estimating the benefits estimation.
On the other hand, it is mainly focused on the conducting the new study but used the
similar valuation technique: “willingness to pay”. It has been considered the most suitable
approach that help for playing important role. This technique is focused on the tourism
management which acquiring the more knowledge about the current environment condition of
different places. Sometimes, it is important to use similar valuation technique for purpose of
improvement in the new case study.
Therefore, it will be adding innovative data which representing as new study but same
valuation technique focus on the same thing. Many authors have modified the details and also
targeting the people on the basis of demographic profile. The reason for considering the “willing
to pay” valuation technique. Large number of population are visiting the beaches for purpose of
swimming. In this way, many peoples are giving the more priority for willing to pay when
beaches completely maintain the environment condition.
The potential improvement revealed that value placed on the beach improvement could be
substantial, those value could be used for improving the efficient beach management. In order to
require to use the Costal management policies and procedures by using “willingness to Pay”
valuation technique whereas every tourism industry provide the better services. They are willing
to set up specific charges for visitors who will be spending time (Birdir, Ünal and Williams,
2013). In the new case study, it has mention the suitable policy implication for local government,
coastal management policies. It primary aim is to conserve the natural resource those are
believed the considerable result or outcome. Moreover, within this study that valuation method
performed the significant role in term of improvement and maintenance. It also mention the
reasonable charges to the beach as fixed price per visit for purpose of improvement as well as
maintenance. In this way, it can explore the information while implementing Contingent
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Valuation technique and willingness to pay conceptual framework. In order to maintain the better
beach service for visitor that could be adding into the new study. it always supports for
enhancing overall performance and efficiency.
d). Other valuation techniques exist that could be used
There are various other kinds of valuation techniques that can be used for environmental
good is opportunity cost method. This method basically values benefits of environmental
protection in terms of things that have been foregone that are required to be achieved. This
method helps in forming a compensation payment for all kinds of compulsory purchases by
government. This can be used as alternative valuation technique. This technique is majorly used
in cases where it is a bit difficult to enumerate benefits of environmental chances. This this case
rather than comparing coastal developments and pollution, opportunity cost for future
development and improvement with preferred option (Landfeldt, Zethraeus and Lindgren, 2019).
It is one of the best and lowest opportunity methods that can be used to raise economic funds for
costal tourism. This method do not include non-marketed public goods value of land. With the
help of this method various kinds of public amenities benefits by restricting benefits of land.
Opportunity cost value of a place can be improved by putting restrictions, with price of land like
green belt land and other opportunities cot value. In Cases from Mersin, Turkey’s coastal
beaches, government can impose various kinds to restriction upon beach. These restrictions will
provide government opportunity to increase revenue for environmental protection of beaches and
will also make it easy for them to maintain beaches.
Some of the main advantages of this method are: one of the main advantages of this
method is that it helps in providing awareness for lost opportunities i.e. it helps in considering
reality when selecting among options so that one can give something in the option not selected.
Government of Turkey can restrict some of items and activities upon its beaches and set some
price for those items. this will provide an opportunity to the tourist to choose among options and
pay accordingly (Birdir, Ünal and Williams, 2013). This not only helps the government to raise
funds for maintenance of beaches but will provide option to tourist so that they can take
economical decisions. It is one of the best approaches which is suitable for both tourist and the
government. For tourist they need not to pay for everything i.e. they can only pay as per their
budget allowance and for government they can raise funds for beach and restrictions can also
make it much easier for the government to economically maintain beaches (Abu-Ghunmi and et.
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al., 2016). Another advantage of this technique is that it provides a benefit of comparing relative
prices and benefits of each alternative that can further help in bringing improvement within their
costing and other benefits.
However, there are some disadvantage of these methods, such as: this technique does not
provide time to calculate and consider. This opportunity provides limited time for doing
comparisons and take an important business decision. Many times, because of this method
intensive decisions are required to be taken instantly and have to wait for evaluation of its results
later. One of the major disadvantages of this technique is that it is not accounted for by
company’s accounts (Birdir, Ünal and Williams, 2013). Opportunity cost of various kinds of
restrictions make it even more difficult to quantify and if opportunity is non- monetary benefit
their it is even more difficult to quantify it. For beaches of turkey this method this method will be
a bit difficult to be implemented as it will become difficult for government to quantify benefits
imposed on the beaches.
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REREFENCES
Book and Journals
Abu-Ghunmi, D., and et. al., 2016. Circular economy and the opportunity cost of not ‘closing the
loop’of water industry: The case of Jordan. Journal of Cleaner Production. 131. pp.228-
236.
Birdir, S., Ünal, Ö. and Williams, A.T., 2013. Willingness to pay as an economic instrument for
coastal tourism management: Cases from Mersin, Turkey. Tourism Management. 36.
pp.279-283.
Ito, K. and Zhang, S., 2020. Willingness to pay for clean air: Evidence from air purifier markets
in China. Journal of Political Economy. 128(5). pp.1627-1672.
Kidane, T.T., Wei, S. and Sibhatu, K.T., 2019. Smallholder farmers’ willingness to pay for
irrigation water: Insights from Eritrea. Agricultural Water Management. 222. pp.30-37.
Landfeldt, E., Zethraeus, N. and Lindgren, P., 2019. Standardized questionnaire for the
measurement, valuation, and estimation of costs of informal care based on the
opportunity cost and proxy good method. Applied health economics and health
policy. 17(1). pp.15-24.
Rodella, I. and et.al., 2019. Willingness to pay for management and preservation of natural,
semi-urban and urban beaches in Italy. Ocean & Coastal Management. 172. pp.93-104.
Schuhmann, P.W. and et.al., 2019. Visitors’ willingness to pay marine conservation fees in
Barbados. Tourism Management, 71, pp.315-326.
Wilkinson, S., 2019. Using VR to assess willingness to pay for green infrastructure in Swedish
residential development. Building Economist, The. (Sep). p.28.
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