This case study examines the health issues and challenges in Romania, including the outbreak of measles and the prevalence of cirrhosis. It also discusses the country's healthcare system and predicts the future health of the population based on relevant health indicators.
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Table of Contents INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1 MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1 Overview of health issues or challenges in the country...............................................................1 Discussion on health system in the country.................................................................................2 Prediction of health of population in the country through relevant health indicators.................3 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5 REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6
INTRODUCTION Romania is the country located on western shores of South-eastern Europe. The existing population of the country is around 19224721 as per Worldometer elaboration of latest latest UN data (Population of Romania,2020). it is equivalent to 0.25% of total population of world. The country offers multiple advantages of Universal healthcare system and each citizen is entitled to unrestricted medical procedures as well as cost free healthcare facilities. The case study project includes overview of main health challenges and the ways the issues are tackled by the government. Further, it discusses about heath system of the country and some trend analysis to predict future health of population that lives in the country. MAIN BODY Overview of health issues or challenges in the country Health is said to state of mental, physical addition to social well-being wherein disease are absent (Kriss and Et. Al., 2017). The world is facing aggregate health challenges which ranges from occurrence of vaccine preventable disease such as growing obesity rates, measles and diphtheria as well as physical inactivity to impacts on health due to environmental pollution and diverse humanitarian crises. Romania is the country in which population are suffering from large number of disease. One of the disease, scale as well as nature of people affected from the heath challenge is Measleswhich is is major outbreak of health challenge in Romania. It is highly contagious viral disease and remains among leading cause of mortality as well as morbidity among young children. The epidemic heath challenge spread in the year 2016 and its symptoms includes runny nose, high fever, red rash, cough etc. If one person is suffering from the disease then 90% people who are close to the infected person have high chances to get infected. The disease affects young children and the virus of measles can live up to two hours in airspace. The reported cases of the disease in Romania are around 16627 in late 2016 and 63 deaths on the same year. As per Romanian Health Authorities, more than 1000 measles cases are confirmed in 2019 (Herriman, 2019). The government of Romania have tackled the issue through MMR Vaccine which is effective along with safe. Two doses of the vaccine are nearby 97% effective to prevent measles and one dose is 93% effective. The government have resolved shortage of supply of the vaccine and ensured flexibility, continuity of supply in upcoming duration and simplified pricing 1
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mechanisms. The ministry of country have also developed multi year plan for assessing requirements for vaccine and amend legislation for purchase of vaccines for keeping process predictable as well as transparent. The other disease, scale and nature of people affected from the heath challenge is Cirrhosiswhich iscommon in Romania. In the year 2010,Cirrhosis was on number three for causing premature death. In 2013, 41 out of 100000 people died due to the disease in Romania. The symptoms of the disease are gallstones, vomiting blood, kidney failure, easy bruishing, weight loss, fluid build up in belly, toxins build in blood etc. It was seen that most deadly cases of the disease are because of Hepatitis C as well as alcohol use. As per data published by WHO, death in Romania because of liver disease or Cirrhosis have reached to 8763 or 3.75% of total deaths (MILLEA, 2018). The government of Romania have tackled the issue through providing facility of free treatment for the disease, organised and implemented a program by the name of Social Security Disability to provide benefits to the social group which is suffering from Cirrhosis for all its residents or to those who are not able to afford the treatment. Discussion on health system in the country In Romania, first concept of public health care came in 1700. In this, common practice for overseas doctors was bought fro providing healthcare facilities to its upper class citizens. Philanthropists ran their charity hospitals so to provide free healthcare services to peasants or local residents (Szeman, 2017). On July 4, 1876, National Red Cross Society was established by prime minister of Romania to initiate health care system. The access of healthcare was guaranteed by Article 34 in Constitution of Romania have specified that the main obligation of the state is “To guarantee sheltering of services related to healthcare”. The historical relevant hospitals within the nation includes Coltea Hospital which have been re equipped after huge investment and is now one of modern hospital in the country. The others are Pantelimon Hospital, St. Spiridon Hospital, Filantropia Hospital etc which were opened between the period of 1700 and 1800. Many of them still operates and provides health care services to citizens of the nation (Alves,Flumerfelt and Kahlen, 2016). The nation have also faced event of disease outbreaks such as HIV/AIDS since 1985, Measles in 2015 and many other disease. Moreover, In 2006, Romania faced severe drought that influenced the ministry to make necessary changes in its healthcare system for providing maximum healthcare to affected people. The government have played major role in dealing with the events as vaccines were 2
supplied fastly, new provisions were enacted and many more care services were devised to safeguard and cure people suffering from the disease. In 2011, Government of Romania have proposed a completely new healthcare system in which changes including privatisation of multiple number of hospitals addition to public clinics, conversion of hospitals into Plc or charity organisation etc. Key healthcare policies designed and implemented by the nation are insurance policy, pharmaceutical policy, public health policy, mental health policy, policies concerned with public health like vaccination policy, breastfeeding promotion policy, tobacco control policy etc for the purpose of financing as well as delivering access to care, equity, care quality and many more. For example, Romanian Government have made changes in its practices in 2015 and worked swiftly for decrease the disease. The Government lowered vaccination age to 9 months from 12 months as well as distributed leaflets in offices of doctor related to importance of vaccination and advance symptoms (Unguru and Sandu, 2019). Moreover, government also made attempts for passing legislation and policies mandating vaccination of children prior to they enter in school. Prediction of health of population in the country through relevant health indicators Health performance of Romania which is located in South-east European region have achieved success in controlling the outbreak of disease through proper support of politicians (Bryant, 2019). On the basis of data from WHO, it is analysed that in 2009, average life expectancy was 71 which have improved to 77 in 2018. Moreover, the country have also experienced improvements in cases of measles between 2016 to 2018. 3
Illustration1: Distribution of cases of measles between Jan- 2010 to Jun- 2018. 2020 (Source: Distribution of cases of measles between Jan- 2010 to Jun- 2018. 2020) From the graph, it is analysed that European region have achieved highest estimates coverage for second dose for measles vaccination and its is estimated that the disease can be stopped in future. It is interpreted that in the year 2016, there were high proportion of children infected from the disease, however, availability of vaccination and regular dose to children have reduces cases of measles in 2019. It is also analysed that with European Vaccine Action Plan, the country will celebrate achievements in nearer future for improvements in recent years. Moreover, it is also analysed that the death rate due to Cirrhosis have decreased as citizens have started taking care of themselves and reduced consumptions of alcohol between period of 2007 to 2017. It is also perceived that Romania is the country that is highly affected from economic crisis. It have high exposure level of lack of balance as well as budgetary policies. Furthermore, higher unemployment rate and inflation are key economic issues that impacts of policies as when more people remains unemployed then they have more probability to consume alcohol or other drinks that causes harm to their level and creates issues for healthcare system to work with existingalcoholcontrolpolicy.Moreoversocialissuessuchaspovertyisawidespread phenomena in the country that impacts on multiple healthcare policies as poverty rate of 15.60 influencesthe nationto provide free servicesto needy people that reducesrevenuesof government to manage amendments of the policy. Due to lack of shelter for vulnerable 4
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population that puts huge stress on political parties as well as social programs resulting to affecting health system of the country (Cherry and Jacob, 2016). CONCLUSION From the assessment it have been concluded that health issue is the situation in which a person unable to function in normal manner. The diseases which are contemporary health issues are Measles and Cirrhosis. Government of the country have implemented various policies and initiatives to tackle the issues. The government have supplied vaccine to cure the disease at far places timely, improving number of dose and free cost treatment. Healthcare system was originated in a nation for offering advantages of universal healthcare system to its citizens. Major categories of policies within healthcare system includes international health policy, mental health policy, tobacco control policy and many more. With changes in the system and policies, health of population have improved in recent years. 5
REFERENCES PopulationofRomania.2020.[Online].Availablethrough: <https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/romania-population/> Kriss, J. L., and Et. Al., 2017. The World Health Organization Measles Programmatic Risk Assessment Tool—Romania, 2015.Risk Analysis.37(6). pp.1096-1107. Herriman, R., 2019. Romania Measles Update: More than 1000 cases in 2019. [Online]. Availablethrough:<http://outbreaknewstoday.com/romania-measles-update-1000- cases-2019/> MILLEA, V. Z., 2018. Evolution, in Romania, of alcohol consumption and changes in associated harm, from a comparative European perspective.Social Research Reports.10(2). pp.29- 50. Szeman, I., 2017.Staging Citizenship: Roma, Performance and Belonging in EU Romania(Vol. 11). Berghahn Books. Alves, A. C., Flumerfelt, S. and Kahlen, F. J. eds., 2016.Lean education: An overview of current issues. Springer. Unguru, E. and Sandu, A., 2019. Towards a Model of Supervision in Social Work Institutions in the NE Region of Romania.Postmodern Openings/Deschideri Postmoderne.10(3). Bryant, J., 2019.Health and the developing world. Cornell University Press. Cherry, B. and Jacob, S. R., 2016.Contemporary nursing: Issues, trends, & management. Elsevier Health Sciences. Distribution of cases of measles between Jan- 2010 to Jun- 2018. 2020. [Online]. Available through:<https://www.euro.who.int/en/media-centre/sections/press-releases/2018/ measles-cases-hit-record-high-in-the-european-region> DiseasecausingdeathinRomania.2020.[Online].Availablethrough: <http://www.healthdata.org/romania> 6