Food Nutrition and Health Assignment

Running head: FOOD, NUTRITION AND HEALTH
FOOD, NUTRITION AND HEALTH
Name of the Student
Student Number
Name of the University
Author Notes

1FOOD, NUTRITION AND HEALTH
Answer 1
Betty is 48 years old and her height is 167 cm, weight is 71 kg, waist circumference is 87
cm and hip circumference is 88 cm. The Basal Metabolic Rate is defined as “the energy required
for performing vital body functions at rest and is the largest contributor of energy expenditure”
(Sabounchi, Rahmandad & Ammerman, 2013, pp. 1364). Betty’s basal metabolic rate is 34 x 71
+ 3538 = 5952kJ/day. Determination of physical activity level is based on activity levels as well
as gender. Betty carries out very little activity. According to her activity levels, she can be
considered to carry out a light activity level. Activity level is considered to be light when there is
presence of some form of exercise with respect to work or tasks carried out at home or in the
garden. Light activity level is associated with at least 2 hours of walking or some form of activity
that involves the use of feet (Westerterp, 2013, pp. 90). Thus, the physical activity level or PAL
for Betty is 1.6-1.7. Estimated energy requirement or EER is defined as the estimated daily
energy requirement, which is needed to maintain weight. It can be calculated by multiplying
basal metabolic rate or BMR with physical activity level or PAL (Reaburn, 2014). Thus, the
estimated energy requirement or EER for Betty is 5952 x 1.6 – 1.7 = 9523.2 - 10118.4 kJ or
2276.1 – 2418.3calories. Her energy requirement in order to carry out weight loss is (2276.1 –
600) – (2418.3 – 600) = 1676.1 – 1818.3 cal. The recommended daily intake also called the
recommended dietary intake is defined as the average of the daily intake of a particular nutrient,
that helps to meet the energy requirements of the healthy individuals. The recommended daily
intake or RDI for females is 0.75gms/kg/day. Therefore, the recommended daily intake for Betty
is 0.75 x 71 kg = 53.25 gms/day. The acceptable macronutrient distribution range or AMDR is
the range of intake with respect to a particular energy source (Wolfe, Cifelli, Kostas & Kim
2017, pp. 266-275). This helps to reduce daily intakes of nutrients in order to prevent the

2FOOD, NUTRITION AND HEALTH
development of chronic diseases, while providing enough nutrients to garner energy for daily
activities. Her energy intake is also significantly high, which is more than 2000 calories/day.
Excess consumption of energy is associated with development of type 2 diabetes, obesity, fatty
liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, among others (Rippe
& Angelopoulos, 2016, pp. 697; Noakes, 2013, pp. 826-830). According to the WHO, energy
intake should be limited from total fats and should be shifted from saturated to unsaturated fatty
acids and also reduce the consumption of trans fats. Increased intake of sugars is associated with
the development of obesity and diabetes (Who.int, 2015). Moreover, increased sodium intake is
associated with the onset of hypertension (Ha, 2014, pp. 7-18). According to the NHS, the upper
limit for the daily dietary intake of sodium for adults is 2400mg (Nhs.uk, 2015). Moreover, her
daily sodium intake is also high and increased sodium intake raises the chances of developing
high blood pressure and also increases the risks for strokes. Moreover, she also drinks very little
amount of water and drinking enough water is associated with managing body weight by
reducing the intake of calorie containing beverages, prevents dehydration, prevents overheating,
development of kidney stones and constipation.
Betty’s RDI Betty’s actual intake
RDI - 53.25 gms/day
Protein - 94.235 gms/day.
Protein - 94-132.5gms/day,
Fat - 64.94 gms/day Fat - 89.5 – 93gms/day
Carbohydrate - 161.76 gms/day Carbohydrate - 208.6-215.6 gms/day