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The Study of International Political Science

   

Added on  2020-04-01

13 Pages3218 Words164 Views
Running Head: RESEARCH ESSAYRESEARCH ESSAYStudent NameSubject Professor University

2RESEARCH ESSAYTable of ContentsIntroduction3Marxist IR Theory3Gramscian IR Theory5Gramscis, Marxism and Global Capitalism7Liberal IR Theory8Marxist, Gramscism, Liberal IR Theories: Importance of Differences9Conclusion10

3RESEARCH ESSAYResearch EssayHow important are the differences between Marxist or Gramscian IR theory and liberal IRtheory?IntroductionThe study of international political science is approached by using three major theories, Marxist, Gramscism and liberal IR theories. The theoretical constructs have different perceptions and the ends differ starkly. The theories provide valid arguments about the cause and effects explained by these theories. In any type of analysis it would be naïve to consider that an approach adopted by leader states or institutions is pure, and hence, it is important for the leaders to study and understand the impacts of the theories when constructing important administration policies. The paper provides an overview of the IR theories and explains the importance of the difference between these IR theories.Marxist IR TheoryMarxism is described as the social and political theory developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engel in the 19th century. Marx attached great importance to the concepts of class, and as per his views, the class system was a dominant actor in the traditional international system [ CITATION Reg03 \l 16393 ]. According to Marx, the clashes in the international system were majorly due to the class conflicts. Marxism talked about the transformation of the society into a workforce largely due to the economic conditions[ CITATION Reg03 \l 16393 ]. Marx argued that this workforce is classified as a class in relation to the capital, however, it has not yet transformed into a class for itself. Marxism states that eventually this call would struggle, unite and become “a class for itself”[ CITATION Reg03 \l 16393 ]. Marx identified two main classes in the society, the

4RESEARCH ESSAYbourgeoisie or the oppressor class and the proletariat or the working class as the oppressive class,and according to Marx eventually, the proletariat will unite struggle and throw the oppressor and establish a new classless communist society [ CITATION Bur13 \l 16393 ]. Similarly, the international society is also divided between the capitalists (Bourgeoisie class) states which are the rich and the powerful states who have established political power over their colonies due to economic power of these powerful states. However, Marx did not consider nationalism and its immense consequences. Marx postulated that nationalism had no place in the proletariat organizations, however, his assumptions that the society infrastructure and division of labour are the factors which will influence the behaviour of communist society classes and states was largely disregarded by working class and bourgeois nationalism [ CITATION Reg03 \l 16393 ][ CITATION Bur13 \l 16393 ]. Scope of Marxism later expanded to explain the international relations [ CITATION Ste98 \l 16393 ]. Marxism and its conception to international relations, advocates communist society, and explained that the societies must witness not only economic, and political but a social change, and in the communist society, the means of production will be owned by the people equally and will not be concentrated in the hands of few. Marxist theory of international relations argues that the communist societies should witness social and economic equality. Marxist theory gives more importance to economic situation in the formation of international relations, and argues that the people who hold the economic control exploit the workers which relates to the modern day private sector [ CITATION Sch88 \l 16393 ]. Marx talks about disproportionality and states that capitalist states would overproduce goods for capital gains. Marx suggests that disproportionalitylargely based on the anarchy of the industry and market would cause economic depressions. In the international relations theory Marx also posited that capital will be accumulated among the

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