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Study on Rainwater Harvesting Sydney

   

Added on  2020-05-11

21 Pages6208 Words38 Views
1Rainwater harvesting Sydney<Student iD><Student Name><University Name>

2ContentsIntroduction................................................................................................................................3Brief description of the 5 rainfall stations..................................................................................3Primary Objective......................................................................................................................4Data Collection and Analysis.....................................................................................................5Selection of data.........................................................................................................................5Analysis of collected data..........................................................................................................6Comparison between CMIP3 and CMIP5 global climate model...............................................71. Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) refers to a set of climate model experiment that is the largest and most inclusive global coupled climate model..............72. The CMIP3 model was introduced prior to CMIP5 but its projection model makes it a highly preferred model as compared to its counterpart......................................................73. The existing CMIP3 climate projections are highly popular since these models take into account the various factors that have an impact on the environment and climate......7Tank models – Computation of data for general equation.........................................................8Results and Discussion.............................................................................................................10Annual water saving capacity and Reliability..........................................................................14Current Gaps............................................................................................................................15Conclusion................................................................................................................................16References................................................................................................................................16

3Brief description of the 5 rainfall stationsThe Sydney (Observatory Hill)rainfall station is one of the areas of the research study. As perthe available data, for the period 2012, the area experiences an average of 101 mm of rainfall.This figure indicates that the requirements of the tank must be based on the rainwater that canbe actually conserved in order to be used in the future. The reliability, water saving capacityand tank size has been taken into consideration so that the most suitable tank model can beselected for the water storage purpose (Aye, et al., 2014).As per the estimation for the period 2020-39, the area would experience a total of 753.05 mmrainfall during the period and it would have an average of 62.75 mm of rainfall. As per theestimation for the period 2040-79, the area would experience rainfall of 767.52 mm duringthe year with an average of 63.96 mm of rainfall (Campisano, et al., 2017).Seven Hills rainfall station is the second area of the research study. The data that has beencaptured shows the rainfall details for the year 1973. As per the available data, for the period1973, the area experiences an average of 75.99 mm of rainfall. As per the estimation for theperiod 2020-39, the area would experience a total of 726.05 mm rainfall during the periodand it would have an average of 60.05 mm of rainfall. Similarly, for the period 2040-79, ithas been estimated that the area would experience rainfall of 768.19 mm during the year withan average of 64 mm of rainfall (Castonguay, et al., 2016).The Richmond is the third area of the research study. In 1933, the area experiences anaverage of 66.68 mm of rainfall. As per the estimation for the period 2020-39 the area wouldexperience a total of 1186.35 mm rainfall during the period and it would have an average of98.86 mm of rainfall. Similarly, for the period 2040-79, it has been estimated that the areawould experience rainfall of 768.19 mm during the year with an average of 64 mm of rainfall.Lucas Heights is the fourth area of the research study. The data for the year 1986 indicate thatit had experienced 85.65 mm of rainfall on an average in the year. As per the estimation forthe period 2020-39, the area would experience a total of 753.05 mm rainfall during the periodand it would have an average of 62.75 mm of rainfall. Similarly, for the period 2040-79, ithas been estimated that the area would experience rainfall of 768.19 mm during the year withan average of 64 mm of rainfall (Christian Amos, Rahman&MwangiGathenya, 2016).Badgerys Creek is the final area of the research study. The data of rainfall has been capturedfor the year 2003. It indicates that the average amount of rainfall that the area has

4experienced is 48.73 mm. According to the estimations, for the period 2020-39 the areawould experience a total of 684.92 mm rainfall during the period and it would have anaverage of 57.07 mm of rainfall. For the period 2040-79, it has been estimated that the areawould experience rainfall of 695.54 mm during the year with an average of 57.96 mm ofrainfall (Coombes, 2015).Primary ObjectiveThe main objective of conducting the study is to identify the most suitable tank model basedon the roof area, water storage capacity and tank size. The estimated amount of rainfall that issupposed to happen for the period 2020-39 and 2040-79 have been made so that the tank canbe introduced to save maximum environmental water that can be used in the futureData Collection and AnalysisA total of 5 different areas or stations have been considered in the research study for thepurpose of introduction of the tank system. The monthly rainfall data has been gathered fromthe Bureau of meteorology and the estimated future data for the periods 2020-39 and 2040-79have been collected from World Bank so that the originality of the study can be maintainedthroughout the process. The CMIP3 model has been used to collect the futuristic data sincethe model basically shows a higher tendency towards the decline in the rainfall that occurs inthe eastern and central Australia as compared to the CMIP5 model (Elgert, Austin&Picchione, 2016).The rainfall projections that have been included in the study form a vital segment of the entireprocess since it helps to understand the rainfall projection that can influence the effectivenessof the selected tank model.The table below represents the five stations that have been selectedfor the particular task. The latitude and longitude of the areas have been presented so that theamount of rainfall that has been predicted can be understood based on their geographiclocation.Rainfall stationsLatitudeLongitudeSite NumberDirectionSydney (Observatory Hill)33.85° S151.20° E066062CentralSeven Hills 33.77° S150.94° E067026North-WestRichmond-UWS Hawkesbury33.61° S150.75° E067021North-WestLucas Heights (ANSTO)34.05° S150.98° E066078South-WestBadgerys Creek AWS33.90° S150.73° E067108West

5Selection of dataThe following table presents the data relating to the amount of precipitation that is likely tobe experienced in the five rainfall stations in the periods 2020-39 and 2040-79. The projecteddata that has been collected from World Bank indicates that during both the periods theSydney (Observatory Hill) is likely to experience 753 mm and 768 mm of rainfall. The SevenHills area would be experiencing the similar rainfall trend during the period. It would have726 mm and 768 mm of rainfall during the specified periods. The same trend is not followedin case of Richmond-UWS Hawkesbury rainfall station since in the period 2020-39 the areawill receive 1186 mm of rainfall whereas during 2040-79 the area would receive 768 mm ofrainfall. The Lucas Heights (ANSTO) region would be receiving 753 mm of rainfall and 768mm of rainfall during 2020-39 and 2040-79 respectively (Floyd, et al., 2014). It has been estimated that the final rainfall station that has been considered for the study –Badgerys Creek AWS would receive the least amount of rainfall. During 2020-39 it wouldreceive 685 mm of rainfall and during the period 2040-79 it would receive 696 mm ofrainfall. The tabular representation shows the rainfall trend in the five selected rainfallstations (Gao, Kim & Lee, 2014).Rainfall stationsFutureyearsJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecTotalrainfall ineachstationp.a.(mm)Sydney(Observatory Hill)2020-395859857164635753446071687532040-79727989555168626252515572768Seven Hills 2020-395859587164635753446071687262040-79727989555168626252515573768Richmond-UWSHawkesbury2020-39584928571646357534460716811862040-79727989555168626252515573768LucasHeights(ANSTO)2020-395859857164635753446071687532040-7972798955516866252515573768

62BadgerysCreekAWS2020-39058598571646357534460716852040-7907279895551686262525155696Based on the available rainfall estimations in the five rainfall stations, a number of tankmodels have been designed so that the best and most suitable model can be introduced inorder to collect the maximum quantity of the rainfall water in the respective locations(Hajani&Rahman, 2013).Analysis of collected dataThe rainfall data were obtained from Australian Bureau of Meteorology was used as input inthe Microsoft Excel spreadsheet model. The precipitation for all the months of the respectiveyears has been taken into consideration to arrive at the annual rainfall figure(Hajani&Rahman, 2014).The projected rainfall figures have been collected from a validsource (World Bank) so that the most accurate and authentic data can be used for the purposeof introducing the tank system. Based on this collected data the above table and its figureshave been ascertained. The other areas of the data management process have been highlightedin the below section which helps to ascertain the most suitable Tan model for the respectivefive locations.Comparison between CMIP3 and CMIP5 global climate modelAs stated in the above section, the CMIP3 climate model has been adopted in order toestimate the projected rainfall in the five stations for a number of reasons. The CoupledModel Intercomparison Project is introduced by World Climate Research Programme(WCRP) every five or seven years to design the global climate projections. It is necessary tounderstand the difference between the CMIP3 and CMIP5 global climate models so that themost appropriate model can be used for the purpose of estimating climatic features (HU,TAKARA & ZHANG, 2013).CMIP31. Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP3) refers to a set of climate modelexperiment that is the largest and most inclusiveCMIP51. Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP5) model basically acts as the newopportunity that enhances the understanding of

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