Literature Review : Corporate Social Responsibility (PDF)

STUDY
SKILLS FOR
HIGHER
EDUCATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
ASSESSMENT 2.............................................................................................................................3
1. Literature review and its achievement.........................................................................................3
2. Literature review on corporate social responsibility....................................................................4
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Skills for higher education are required for building strong teamwork and relationship in
the work place(Aguinis and Glavas,2019). At the undergraduate level the eduction is important
to teach management of time and development of learning strategies. In this report the discussion
will be based on the literature review and its purpose. Further the study will be describe literature
review on corporate social responsibilities for the business towards the society.
ASSESSMENT 2
1. Literature review and its achievement
Literature review can also be termed as narrative review. The reviews is done as
scholarly paper, it can include knowledge which relates to current substantive findings. The
review includes methodological and theoretical findings on particular topics(Chen, Dong and
Lin,2019). Literature review is collected from secondary sources and does not collect original
findings or experimental works. Academic literature review are mostly founded from academic
journals that are also termed as book journals. In narrow scope review the research includes peer
review which represents new searches, or study is based on currents facts and informations
which can be termed as methodology and the outcome is in form of sections of work. Literature
review are also common in terms of prospectus or research proposals.
Types of literature review are systematic review in which the study is classified separate
and the study mainly focuses on questions related to research topic, appraising, identifying topic
facts and evidences and deals to answer the arguments related to the topic(Choi And et.al.,
2019). Another type is meta-analysis literature review the statistical tools are used to find
effective outcome of the result and data as these studies helps to gain reliable data from the
results of studies.
The purpose of literature review is to understand and gain knowledge from the research
and arguments in debate. Literature review helps in foundation of knowledge in particular study.
Literature reviews help to identify the inconsistencies and gape in the research, identify the
conflicts that were present in previous study, etc(Crane, Matten and Spence, eds., 2019).
literature review faces some of the challenges for the researcher like losing the focus
from the study topic. Other problems is the scholar some times does repetitive research on the
study and common topics with common themes are taken by the researchers. Some times the

study does not provide sufficient critical analysis of the topic as the justifications given on the
topic are not given in detailed which arise the arguments on the topic due to insufficient
information and justification given by the researchers(Frynas and Yamahaki, 2019).
literature review helps to achieves the overall information of the research study topic. As
it helps to achieve in identifying areas of scholarships, the other places that helped to gain the
understanding the concept related to specific issues in research topics. Literature review gain and
describes relationship between each sources and other selected areas. Literature review interpret
the gap between the current research study and previous research study and help to puts light on
the changed facts in the study. Research study give the further points to be researched in future
studies. Literature review also helps to gain different view points of scholars and author on the
research topic(Gamble, 2019).
2. Literature review on corporate social responsibility.
Corporate social responsibilities means company produces its goods and services by
giving overall higher positive impact on the society(Hejjas, Miller and Scarles, 2019). The
purpose of CSR is to ensure that companies are fulfilling the ethical consideration towards the
society. The company tries to fulfil the consideration like human rights, environment,
community, society, etc.
source: Corporate social responsibilities,2019.
Significance of Corporate social responsibilities
Illustration 1: Corporate Social Responsibilities

Public image is the company which is involved in volunteering social responsibility like
employees of the company give one hour a week for charity purpose then the company is able to
increases its brand image in public. The customers decides to buy the product of the company
which is fulfils more CSR towards the consumers(Significance of CSR, 2019). As the outcome
for will be favourable for the consumers.
Brand awareness is when the company fulfils Corporate social responsibilities by
focusing the on the ethical practices which creates the positive impact on the consumers and
spreads the awareness of the brand in the society(Hejjas, Miller and Scarles, 2019).
Saves cost is the company which follows CSR tries to keep its manufacturing eco-
friendly like packaging of product done by the company using less plastics and other material as
the packaging of product is kept simple. Which further helps the company to spend less expenses
on packaging of product.
Competitive advantages is the company can stand in the market with the competitive
advantages of fulfilling the CSR towards the society due to which the consumers will get
attracted easily.
Customer engagement is company maintaining its sustainability in the market can
advertise or create social blog or online marketing which able to help the company to create the
social channel to get and create new customer for its business due to which the customer are able
to engage with the company brand and their operations(Jamal, Ibrahim, and Surif, 2019).
Benefits to employees is the employee in the company can be retained as the strategies
which fulfils the CSR towards the society. The company builds brand image and goodwill
among the public which help the employee to be retained in the reputed company. The company
engage more employees. The benefits to employee is that is able to create the positive
environment. And promotes in things like volunteering, motivating, or professional growth of the
employees in the company.
Challenges faced by organisations for implementing CSR policies
The company faces many challenges related to implementation of CSR polices buy the
organisation. The company needs to focus on the issues related to social, economic and
environment(Frynas and Yamahaki, 2019). As the company needs to pay equal attention to all
the dimensions of CSR. Some companies does not implement CSR policies because they
consider that implementation of policies are not part of business where as some thinks that it

does not benefit business for satisfying the customers and important clients. As the owners are
not able to understand that the opportunity for implementing the CSR policies will boost up the
business revenue(Jones And et.al., 2019).
Government Insufficiency as the government is insufficient for imposing the rules and
regulations related towards the society and environment and business has to fulfil all the
responsibilities related to CSR in certain aspects it gets failed to initiate.
Demand for Disclosure as it is demand greater demand for the disclosure from
customers, suppliers, employees, communities, activist etc.
Customer Interest is the customers demands from large company is that it needs to fulfil
the ethical consideration towards the societies. Some studies founded that 50 percent of the
consumers are avoiding the company products because the company is not fulfilling the social
ethics. 30 percent avoided actually disliked the product for some reason. Further it was founded
that ethics are needed to be fulfilled due to the growing influence in customers for purchasing the
product(Murwaningsari, 2019).
Employee Behaviour is the employees in the company are looking for the benefits that
company can provide beyond the pay-checks. The company can retain its employee when it
actually gives benefits to the employee of the company in the form of incentives, bonus, perks,
etc.
Investors pressure as in the company are influencing to others in the company to take
decision on the basis of policies CSR on the company. As the investors are crucial part for the
company which provides funds to the company.
Activities that are needed to be performed by the company to fulfil CSR obligations are
The company should implement CSR to reduce the poverty and hunger from the country which
can be reduced by the company when it provides employment which will reduce the poverty
level in the country and increases the standard of living of people in the society.The company
can spread education by opening schools and colleges in which it can provide free education to
the children of the employees. The company can promote gender equality and provide more
opportunities for the women. The company can give employment to women in some specific
fields which are reserved for the women(Succi and Canovi, 2019).The company can improve the
labour policies so that labours are easily able retain in the company and make the work
environment healthier.

According to author (Aguinis and Glavas,2019) comparative study was done on the
managerial activities attitude towards the fulfilment of social responsibilities between different
companies which follows different business cultures shows that the business needs to fulfil
responsibilities towards its employees, suppliers, customers, society and country. As the rapid
changes are happening in the dynamic environment the pace of knowledge is also changing with
the passage of time.
According to author(Murwaningsari, 2019) CSR is been changing for the business and
the society for last ten years due to changes in the trends of the society. The scholar explain
three basic things in the study which are as follows:
First, major changes had been occurred in the society and business relations. The cause of these
changes are due to environmental and social problems in whole world. This because the
conditions made the society and business to come closer. Secondly, the strategies related to
development of business had been affected the society in many ways. As the business focus
more on innovation and novel ideas, development, concepts are included in the CSR
management of the business which directly affects the products and services that are distributed
in the society. Third, other parties interfere in the CSR of business as other parties focus on
earning profit rather than fulfilling social responsibilities towards the society the other parties are
partnership firms,other agencies, etc.
According to author (Frynas and Yamahaki, 2019) CSR strategies are crucial component
for the company to increases its competitive advantages from its rivals in the market. Which
means that company needs to form procedure and policies which fulfil the responsibilities
towards the society. With the help of CSR the company can integrate its business models as to be
successful. The company can work in many areas like environmental preservation or
accomplishing the legal requirement towards the employee of the company by following labour
regulations. The organisation can taking legal risks can mislead the sustainability of the
company. It is important for the company to focus on the fulfilling the corporate responsibilities
towards the society. The company is able to strengthen its supply chain management system as it
increases the work efficiency in the workers and able to get effective government. For
environment it produces low carbon emission and the resources gets circulated making
environment safe and healthy for coming generation.

CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that literature review is secondary source for
collection of information and facts. In this report the discussion was based on the literature
review of corporate social responsibilities. CSR is important for the company to make its
business model as successful. Customers gets attracted more towards the company which follows
CSR ethics toward the society. CSR has three dimensions which are economics, social and
environmental. All these dimensions are needed to be equally given attention foe the
development of the business. CSR helps the company to get competitive advantages from its
rivals. Which able to attract lots of customers and creates brand awareness among the customers.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Aguinis, H. and Glavas, A., 2019. On corporate social responsibility, sensemaking, and the
search for meaningfulness through work. Journal of Management.45(3). pp.1057-1086.
Chen, T., Dong, H. and Lin, C., 2019. Institutional shareholders and corporate social
responsibility. Journal of Financial Economics.
Choi, S.B. And et.al., 2019. Motivating corporate social responsibility practices under customer
pressure among small‐and medium‐sized suppliers in China: The role of dynamic
capabilities. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management.26(1),
pp.213-226.
Crane, A., Matten, D. and Spence, L. eds., 2019. Corporate social responsibility: Readings and
cases in a global context. Routledge.
Frynas, J.G. and Yamahaki, C., 2019. Corporate Social Responsibility: An Outline of Key
Concepts, Trends, and Theories. In Practising CSR in the Middle East (pp. 11-37).
Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Gamble, T., 2019. Event management education and the meeting and business event competency
standards: The perspective from alumni (Doctoral dissertation).
Hejjas, K., Miller, G. and Scarles, C., 2019. “It’s like hating puppies!” Employee disengagement
and corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics.157(2). pp.319-337.
Jamal, S.N.B., Ibrahim, N.H.B. and Surif, J.B., 2019. Concept cartoon in problem-based
learning: A systematic literature review analysis. JOTSE: Journal of Technology and
Science Education.9(1). pp.51-58.
Jones, D.A. And et.al., 2019. Advances in employee-focused micro-level research on corporate
social responsibility: Situating new contributions within the current state of the
literature. Journal of Business Ethics.157(2). pp.293-302.
Murwaningsari, E., 2019. The Relationship of Corporate Governance, Corporate Social
Responsibilities and Corporate Financial Performance in One Continuum. Indonesian
Management and Accounting Research (IMAR).9(1). pp.78-98.
Succi, C. and Canovi, M., 2019. Soft skills to enhance graduate employability: comparing
students and employers’ perceptions. Studies in Higher Education. pp.1-14.
Online
Significance of CSR. 2019. [online]. Available
through<https://www.highspeedtraining.co.uk/hub/importance-of-corporate-social-
responsibility/>.