Study Skills for Higher Education: Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences and Teaching Methods

This essay discusses Howard Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences and its impact on study skills for higher education. It explores the different intelligences outlined by the theory, including linguistic verbal, visual spatial, logical mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist. The essay also suggests teaching methods that teachers can use to help students learn based on Gardner's theory.

Study Skills for Higher
Education
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY .................................................................................................................................3
Discuss the different intelligences outlined by this theory.........................................................3
Based on Gardner’s theory what teaching methods can teachers use to help students learn......6
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................7
REFRENCES...................................................................................................................................8
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INTRODUCTION
Knowledge and skills has important perspective to play for developing human being in
terms of educational and professional terms. It is effective in terms of higher educational skills
and competencies that helps an individual towards growth in right direction. The concept is
related to teaching in a way that teachers concentrate over developing skills and capabilities of
students enabling them over attaining personal and professional goals that increase efficiency
and perfection within them. These skills helps an individual over making different career
development opportunists attain with academic development. This makes every student develop
abilities and learn things which is similar in nature. The essays is based upon various theories
given by Howard Gardner over Multiple Intelligence that is reflected by people having impact
over ability to learn and achieve their objectives. Further, teaching methods used by teacher over
developing learning has been discussed.
MAIN BODY
Discuss the different intelligences outlined by this theory
Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences tells that no individual is born
intelligent and never will be. Under the theory different kinds of perspectives in terms of other
theories has been covered which is based upon perspective that not everyone has all intelligence
to perform determined task properly(Oc, 2018). Howard Gardner introduced eight types of
intelligence within the theory and they are Logical/Mathematical, Spatial, Bodily-Kinesthetic,
Musical, Interpersonal, Intra personal, and Naturalist. These intelligence helps over making
analysis which helps upon developing scientific discipline. Gardner has stated that individual
attaining intelligence which can be different on the basis of genes and experiences. These
theories of intelligence has been discussed as follows:
Linguistic verbal intelligence is the Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences
which is based upon various sensitive issue which is based over spoken and written language and
having capacity of learning various languages and helping in accomplishing goals with
objectives in more effective way. These types of individuals are good over writing story, reading,
information and memorizing. Also there strength areas are word, language and writing that
makes communication ideas with the help of thoughts and information in the most effective way.
There are various characteristics of linguistic verbal intelligence people which is based over
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writing and reading helping in explaining about things appropriate way over other and able to
deliver pursuance speech. In this different kinds of people are having intelligence over people
that enjoy writing and reading ability helping in explaining about things in appropriate way to
others. There are different career options over people having intelligence like writer and
journalists, teacher and layer as they makes ideas and concepts delivered in persuasive way.
Visual spatial intelligence means the people who are good upon imaging things and
developing visualization in suitable manner over creating mutual understanding among people.
The people are efficient within direction, videos, maps, charts and pictures. Visual and spatiality
intelligence are strengthening area of these people (Guthrie and Jenkins, 2018). The process has
various kinds of characteristics like they interpretative data provided through graphs and charts.
Also they are able to make puzzles enjoying with paintings, drawing and visual arts. Individual
good at spatial intelligence builds career within the field of engineer, architect and Artist.
Logical mathematical intelligence the individuals good within logical mathematics and has
command over logical problems and is able to analyse patterns. These abilities uplifts conceptual
understanding over members, patterns and relations. The strength of such individuals are
analysing problem in relation to maths. There are certain characteristics for these people as they
have problem solving ability(Rosari, 2019). They can conduct experiments and thinks over the
idea with abstract involved within such experiments. The people of these kind is able to solve
complex computation with effectiveness. Such people make career as scientist, computer
programmer, accountant and mathematician.
Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence the ability is based upon individual good over making body
movement, physical control and performing actions. The individual having knowledge and hold
expertise within this area has excellent ye-coordination as well as dexterity. These people are
excellent over monitoring physical movement and monitoring control. As per this different
characteristics possessed by these people are they are skilled in dancing and have knowledge
about sports due to physical coordination as well as remembering those things by hearing or
seeing it. Potential career makes choices over people possessing intelligence as dancer, actor and
builder.
Musical intelligence such individuals are good over thinking and understanding about
patterns, sounds and rhythm. This is specific intelligence helping individual for gaining support
over music and composition while performing. Strength of these people is music and rhythm as
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well as characteristics over enjoying singing and playing musical instrument through songs and
melodies strengthening understanding over structure used within music. Individual develop there
career as musician, singer and music teacher.
Interpersonal intelligence helps people understand and interact with people as they possess
skills over art of assessing emotions, desire, motivations and intentions of people who are around
them. Understanding and relating with various people having strength through its characteristics
over communicating properly over others having non verbal communication skills with ability
and analysis situation with different aspects over solving problem and maintaining positive
relationship with other making them different from others. People having intelligence makes
career developed as salesperson, politician and philosopher.
Individuals having inter personal intelligence are aware about themselves in relation to
there own state of mind, feelings, emotions and motive. Further, it is observed that such people
are more effective over enjoying self-reflection and analysis upon exploring relationship with
daydreaming. Also they posses personal strength (Gardner, 2021). The characteristics of such
people they analysis their strength and weakness by making self reflection. Then in this excellent
self – awareness and understanding over motivation and feelings. Individuals having intelligence
make career within the area of science, writing and other helping over using knowledge and
understanding in best manner possible.
Naturalistic intelligence this is most recent perspective within Gardner’s theory which
faces more resistance the previous seven intelligences. Gardner has explained that individual
possessing such intelligence holds relationship with nature and are sometimes interested in
nurturing, learning over other species by exploring environment. They are aware about subtle
changes within environment. These people has different characteristics making interest
developed over various subjects like botany, zoology and biology and enjoying hike, exploration
and gardening etc.
These are different kinds of intelligence which is based over Gardner's theory and it is not
possible that everyone posses characteristics and intelligence. All skills are learned with the help
of training sessions. Each individual possess skills and competencies helping performance
developed with operations which makes goals and objectives achieved through skills in more
effective way. Thus they are important in relation to making individual achieve goals in relation
to career development.
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Based on Gardner’s theory what teaching methods can teachers use to help students learn
As per the Gardner's theory different intelligence which are important has been
developing career within specific field over performance with operations showing great
efficiency with effectiveness(Cheong, et. al. 2019). This is important part which makes teachers
adopted with suitable teaching options showing great efficiency and effectiveness. It is important
for teachers making adoption provided while performing operations related to teaching. This
make various kinds of skills developed with capabilities leading over taking right decision and
providing right direction towards career development for an individual possible with various
factors. Teacher should be analysing about actions and planning in effective way applying over
class objectives for improving students skills and competencies making goals and objective
achieved in effective way. Thus teachers are required to adopt various methods upon various
intelligence. These actions over teaching has been used by teachers in order to make
development possible which has been discussion as follows:
In order to improve linguistic intelligence over students and teachers should use creative
approach within writing and other academic activities. Also they are used in relation to career
development like pottery and script writing. The instruction of students competencies in relation
to writing and memorizing all learning aspects. It has enabled students over competencies
regarding writing and memorizing things over long time period. Through learning about
intelligence students are able to make expression developed with carters and mutual
understanding.
Teachers requires to provide problem solving opportunities to students through analysing
mathematical problems in proper way helping in making patterns and logic games developed
over guiding and organizing information in defined format(Chen and Zhang, 2021). Through
learning skills students has helped in understanding over patterns by maintaining connection
within separate price and information. In order to improve visual and spatial intelligence various
kinds of tool and techniques are used which are mind mapping techniques, guided visualisation
or verbal imagery, instruct students to create effective visual representation.
As these techniques are applied which allows students in order to full fill objectives with
various perspective and helps in taking effective actions over increasing performance with
effectiveness and efficiency. In order to improve students knowledge and learning is based over
badly-Kinesthetic intelligence which teaches body sculpture by creating opportunity for dramatic
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art and usage of human graphs as well as role to be played. In this all activities has helped
students over expressing emotions to others.
Musical intelligence can be enhanced by teachers and student using various instruments
allowing musical compositions and performance with class motive to create song over specific
topic that improves students understanding about music and expressing feelings in effective way.
In order to make improvement done within interpersonal intelligence within student teacher over
various kinds of activities and techniques such as they make collaborative skills to students
providing group work opportunities with personal communication and various other things. Also
in order to improve various perspective better and effective perspectives which makes
development done in more effective way.
With the objective of improving intra personal intelligence, teachers need to adopt
effective strategy and planning such as practice meditation, use mindfulness and self-reflection.
It enables students to express their feeling and emotional to others in effective manner(Alvesson,
2020). Along with that, teachers use various methods and techniques to enhance students
learning regarding practice conservation, conduct outing that provide opportunity to observe
nature and make them understand to classify species as well as provide labs to students of natural
material.
All these actions and strategies enhances all these intelligences in students to improve
their skills, capabilities and competencies that enable them to perform their defined operations in
best possible manner and attain determined objectives on time.
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion it can be marked out that skills and competencies are
important for students that leads over improving performance in relation over effectiveness. In
this discussion various kinds of intelligence is explained playing important role in developing
and shaping individuals capabilities. Further the report helps in making important aspect with
better objectives and goals. Also the intelligence makes teachers develop important techniques
with innovative ideas making individual improve learning. Then in this various methods and
techniques are discussed in relation to over all development.
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REFRENCES
Books and Journals
Alvesson, M., 2020. Upbeat leadership: A recipe for–or against–“successful” leadership
studies. The Leadership Quarterly, 31(6), p.101439.
Chen, L., Li, T. and Zhang, T., 2021. Supply chain leadership and firm performance: A meta-
analysis. International Journal of Production Economics, 235, p.108082.
Cheong, M., Yammarino, F.J., Dionne, S.D., Spain, S.M. and Tsai, C.Y., 2019. A review of the
effectiveness of empowering leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 30(1), pp.34-58.
Gardner, W.L., Karam, E.P., Alvesson, M. and Einola, K., 2021. Authentic leadership theory:
The case for and against. The Leadership Quarterly, 32(6), p.101495.
Guthrie, K.L. and Jenkins, D.M., 2018. The role of leadership educators: Transforming learning.
IAP.
Oc, B., 2018. Contextual leadership: A systematic review of how contextual factors shape
leadership and its outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 29(1), pp.218-235.
Rosari, R., 2019. LEADERSHIP DEFINITIONS APPLICATIONS FOR
LECTURERS’LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT. Journal of Leadership in
Organizations, 1(1).
Rudolph, C.W., Murphy, L.D. and Zacher, H., 2020. A systematic review and critique of
research on “healthy leadership”. The Leadership Quarterly, 31(1), p.101335.
Sow, M. and Aborbie, S., 2018. Impact of leadership on digital transformation. Business and
Economic Research, 8(3), pp.139-148.
Yammarino, F.J., Cheong, M., Kim, J. and Tsai, C.Y., 2020. Is leadership more than “I like my
boss”?. In Research in personnel and human resources management. Emerald
Publishing Limited.
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