Literature review on corporate social responsibilities (Doc)

Study skills

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
1. Literature review and its achievements...................................................................................1
2. Literature review on corporate social responsibilities............................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5
REFRENCES...................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
Literature review is a discussion on the topic whose information has been published by an
author. It comprises the detailed summary of subject and forms an opinion based on the writer's
interpretation. It analysis the articles, books, that are related to the concerned topic thus it can be
called as combination of summary and synthesis. It helps in providing guidance about the
relevant subject matter along with strong background of research paper. There are different areas
where literature review is written such as humanity, sciences and social sciences etc. In the
following report corporate social responsibilities has been selected as topic on which research
has been done and literature review is written thus deep understanding chosen topic can be
acquired through proper investigation done by the researcher (Denney and Tewksbury, 2013).
MAIN BODY
1. Literature review and its achievements
Literature review is an analysis of available literature in particular topic selected by the
researcher and is used as tool that helps in providing knowledge on subject matter. It comprises
of summary and explanation of certain topic based on the articles, books, journals or any other
sources. While writing research paper researcher gives opinion on the review and explain about
what he gained from doing this search. Readers are able to analyse weather the objectives which
were the reason for this research are achieved or not. In the structure the three main part which
are included introduction, body and conclusion (Galati and Moessner, 2013).
 Introduction- This part explains detailed description of subject matter along with it's
importance. Also it consist of discussion on the type of research that has been done and
different point of view on the chosen topic from original sources. Based on that
suggestions are made about the findings and the perceptive that writer got from this
research.
 Body- Under this section summary and evaluation is made about the information of
actual state of field hence it justifies the the argument made in the research report.
 Conclusion- This part comprises of the evidence presented and their significance with
respect to the topic. Gaps and inconstancies are also highlighted which shows how the
previous work leads to completion of research project.
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There are various purpose as to why this is written which are explained below in detail:-
 Easy access- Readers are easily accessible about the chosen topic as there are various
scholarly articles and studies from authorised sources that are easily available. It helps in
summarising the report and gives meaningful conclusion.
 Starting point- Once the starting point is determined analysing aspects of research
becomes easier. Following appropriate direction the information collected by the reader is
evaluated and compared with the original sources
 Avoidance of duplication- This is made to ensure that researcher do not copy the
content written by the original writer thus it ensures that duplication of effort is avoided.
 Quality of research- Ensuring quality of research is very important for that it should be
known for the writer to understand in what direction the research is heading and is there
any other area where focus is lacking, all this will help in improving the quality of report.
 Identification of gaps- Preparing literature review is needed so that gaps or
inconstancies in relation to research can be known as they can question the authenticity of
research.
 Conclusion- In the end review is concluded with significance of investigation and how
previous research helped in preparing the report along with an opinion or judgement is
formed in which the researcher discusses the key findings and learning about the subject
matter.
 Exhibit the knowledge about subject- The main purpose of preparing literature review
is to achieve the objective set by the researchers and that is to gain the deep knowledge
about specific topic which has been selected (Hart, 2018).
Literature review is done to achieve various goals such as readers as well as researcher
are given easy access of detailed information about the specific topic as provides general
overview of subject matter and provides explanation on the basis of studies of other authors. In
this way credibility of writers in their field is emphasized. This helps in achieving the high
quality of research which is another main priority that can be fulfilled by preparing this review.
Gaps and inconstancies act as roadblock in the efficiency thus they can be avoided by the
researcher through this therefore it provides benefits both to the writer as well as reader.
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2. Literature review on corporate social responsibilities
According to Aguinis and Glavas, (2012) Corporate social responsibilities refers to a
model used by the organisation that involves taking into account the impact of social,
economical and environmental factors on business. As it can be seen that business and society
are interlinked and there are certain mindset and expectations of people which organisation is
accountable for. This approach guides the organisation to fulfil their obligation towards the
stakeholders and shareholders. Business being complex activity different factors impacts the
companies therefore concept of CSR is created to so that coping up with ever changing
environment becomes easy (Corporate social responsibility, 2019). Various organisation are
incorporating this model as it plays significant role in building an image of the company, this
shows that businesses is operating in the ethical manner and it is sensitive about the various
issues faced by the society. It helps the companies in achieving the higher success as managers
can assess the affect of their working on the society. From the corporate point of view an
organisation be it small, large or medium this strategy is applied as it provides competitive
advantage in the market and makes them stand out from the competitors. Another main reason as
to why the businesses adopt these strategy is that it ensures increase in the sales and profitability.
As per the survey in UK large number of consumers preferred to buy products from those
company who indulge themselves with activities that helps in improving the society. Due to
technological advancements customers are becoming aware with every passage of time as there
is an easy access of every information about national or international level. This increased
awareness results in rejecting those elements that does not comply to the norms of society
therefore effective CSR policies are developed that promotes the environment sustainability.
Adopting this concept is not just important to attract and retain customers in fact it is much wider
term that is associated with economic development of country. Many organisation uses this an
opportunity to promote the goods and services offered by them and establishing brand name by
sharing stories and news on the various media platforms.
As per the views of Kang, Germann and Grewal, (2016) Corporate social responsibilities
is defines in various term like corporate citizenship, responsibility, responsible business or
corporate social performance. It is form of corporate self regulation which companies adopt to
manage the process of business that will lead to impacting the society in positive manner.
Different countries have explained this approach as per the culture followed by them. In united
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states CSR model is presented in a way that companies has to donate certain funds to charitable
trust from their share of profits. This model comprises of fulfilling the expectations which the
customers have from the business and ensures the working of organisation in a responsible way.
According to Grayson and Hodges, (2017) The Corporate social responsibility is
associated with businesses giving due attention to the issues of society and shifting their focus
from increasing their wealth to bringing change in the real world. It puts emphasis on notion of
organisation's realising their duty towards the employees, customers, shareholders as well as the
general public. Respecting the interest of each of the stakeholders must be realised. Another
major reason for this application is that before providing the credit to the company, financial
institutions checks whether such responsibilities are being followed by the companies or not.
Therefore this causes significant impact on the credit rating of companies poor CSR policies will
reduce the chances of organisation of getting financial help from government institutions.
According to Servaes and Tamayo, (2013) corporate social responsibilities helps in
ensuring long term stability of business because effectiveness in these policies will help in
attracting large number of investors. This affects the image of the company like if the interest of
stakeholders are not protected investors become reluctant to invest in the business. This effects
the stability of businesses, inefficiency in CSR policies will be roadblock for the further growth
of the organisation. CSR is a mechanism that is used to deal with the issues such as conflict
between the communities, customers, suppliers and employees. Provisions are made under this
that protects the rights of children, environment, women etc. This helps in building good
relations with workers as well as customers and loyalty and commitment from both these is
important for the welfare of the organisation's business.
According to Orlitzky, (2013) In modern times businesses have been pushed to adapt
different strategies, CSR is one such model which is concerned to with enterprises managing
their operations in honourable way. This contributes towards the economical development of
country as it focuses on enhancing the lifestyle of employees, their families along with the local
community. As corporations are major part of country's growth hence their interrelation with the
masses is essential to determine. NGO's can be taken as an example of this approach, the role
played by such entities in the economy is huge. They develops the standard of living of people
by providing education, knowledge about sanitation and creating awareness amongst citizens on
various other topics. Countries having higher CSR has higher growth rates.
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According to Crowther and Seifi, (2018) The only thing that matters for the corporate
houses is to maximise their profits by hook or crook and CSR is one such factor that is vital for
increasing the profitability of business. There lies very close relationship between these two
elements setting limits that business should not cross while doing business is the main purpose of
introducing this concept. It influences the leadership and performance of organisation, many of
them are now making changes to address the needs of every group of society. Application of this
framework helps in attracting effective workforce which is important for improving the
efficiency and productivity in performance of the organisation. Thus achieving the objectives by
performing business activities without involving itself with immoral means is called as
Corporate social responsibilities.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that literature review is used in summarising
and evaluating topic and helps in providing deeper understanding to the reader. The main
purpose of preparing is because it provides proper direction to the research and credibility of
various sources is also identified and situation like duplication of effort can be avoided.
Corporate social responsibility is the selected topic in the this report that is concerned with
practising the business operations in an ethical manner. This involves organisation shifting their
focus from maximising profits to living up to the expectations of customers, employees,
shareholders, and public. Many organisations from small, medium to large are applying this
model as it helps in building an image of the organisation.
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REFRENCES
Books and journal
Aguinis, H. and Glavas, A., 2012. What we know and don’t know about corporate social
responsibility: A review and research agenda. Journal of management. 38(4). pp.932-
968.
Crowther, D. and Seifi, S. eds., 2018. Redefining Corporate Social Responsibility. Emerald
Group Publishing.
Denney, A.S. and Tewksbury, R., 2013. How to write a literature review. Journal of criminal
justice education. 24(2). pp.218-234.
Galati, G. and Moessner, R., 2013. Macroprudential policy–a literature review. Journal of
Economic Surveys. 27(5). pp.846-878.
Grayson, D. and Hodges, A., 2017. Corporate social opportunity!: Seven steps to make
corporate social responsibility work for your business. Routledge.
Hart, C., 2018. Doing a literature review: Releasing the research imagination. Sage.
Hu, Q., Mason, R., Williams, S.J. and Found, P., 2015. Lean implementation within SMEs: a
literature review. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management. 26(7). pp.980-
1012.
Kang, C., Germann, F. and Grewal, R., 2016. Washing away your sins? Corporate social
responsibility, corporate social irresponsibility, and firm performance. Journal of
Marketing. 80(2). pp.59-79.
Orlitzky, M., 2013. Corporate social responsibility, noise, and stock market volatility. Academy
of Management Perspectives. 27(3). pp.238-254.
Servaes, H. and Tamayo, A., 2013. The impact of corporate social responsibility on firm value:
The role of customer awareness. Management science. 59(5). pp.1045-1061.
Online
Corporate social responsibility. 2019. [online]. Available through:
<https://www.principalpeople.co.uk/blog/2015/11/what-is-corporate-social-
responsibility>
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