Smart Cities: Concepts and Challenges
Added on 2020-04-29
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Running head: SMART CITIES0Urban SustainableRegion’s
SMART CITIES1Table of ContentsIntroduction...........................................................................................................................................2Sustainable Potential and Planning Implication of Technology and Other Disruptive Forms of Smart Practices in Cities..................................................................................................................................3Conclusion.............................................................................................................................................8References.............................................................................................................................................9
SMART CITIES2IntroductionA smart city can be defined as an urban area which implements multiple types of electronic datacollection sensors for sending the information to assets and resources which can be utilised inmanaging them efficiently. The data is collected from numerous sources such as devices, citizens, andassets. After that such information is analysed and processed to control and monitor various systemsin the city such as transport, water supply networks, power plants, law enforcement, schools, wastemanagement, hospitals, libraries, and other community services. The smart city concept uses variousphysical devices along with information and communication technology to connect a networkthroughout the city to efficiently optimise the operations and services and also connect citizens tothem. The government initiates various programs to shape the change in diverse urban areas and formulatesustainable planning policies to concentrate on strategic issues. To establish and maintain a smart city,the government develops various concepts and issues relating to mobility, non-humans, dwelling,sharing economy and technology. These concepts are used in finding new sustainable practices whichcan be established in a smart city. This essay will focus on providing the sustainable potential anddesign implication of technology and many other disruptive methods of smart practices in cities.Further, the essay will discuss the convergence of technology and different economics to create anumber of new procedures of mobility and urban living.
SMART CITIES3Sustainable Potential and Planning Implication of Technology andOther Disruptive Forms of Smart Practices in CitiesThe importance and advancement of information and communication technologies (ICT) in previousfew decades has assisted in creating the concept of the smart city. According to Hollands (2008), thedefinition of smart city describes it as the ability of a city to respond as promptly as possible to thenecessity of citizens. The core systems of a city profoundly influence the quality of life of people; thecore systems include education, transport, public health & safety and the government facilities. Thesefactors are necessary to be analysed while formulating the policies of a smart city. As per the researchof World Health Organisation, the urban population of the world is accountable for 54 percent in2014, which has been increased from 34 percent in 1960 (WHO, 2017). As per the prediction ofUnited Nations, by 2017 a large number of populations in less developed countries will live in urbancities, and the world’s population could contribute another 2.5 billion individuals by 2050 to the urbansociety (UN, 2014). Cocchia (2014) provided that the growth in population and advancement in information andcommunication technology has provided the various concept of the smart city to improve the qualityof life in urban cities. In the smart city, the government adds physical sensors and other technology toa single network in the core areas of a city to collect the necessary information that can assist inproviding better services to the peoples. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is used inenhancing the performance, quality and interactivity of the services available in urban cities and italso reduces the expenses and consumption to increase the contact between government and peoples.The smart city provides real-life responses to the peoples which improve simple transaction ofcitizens with the city and its practices. As per Nam and Pardo (2011), a combination of social requirements, economic growth, and humanaspiration is implemented to create a smart city culture that formulates the projects and programs forsmart cities in many countries. There are various attributes which describe an urban city as smart,such as ICT, efficient public services, safety & security, sufficient social capital, transit planning, andmany others. The information and communication technology assist in enabling smart public services.The integration and convergence of multiple technologies that are easily accessible over variousplatforms and devices play a pivotal role in providing transparency, speed, access, and participation inpublic services. The ICT devices collect the data of users and automatically perform the publicservices activities which save both time and money of the citizens. Chourabi et al. (2012) stated that using of smart meters, energy conservation, effluent recycling,renewable energy, water harvesting and appropriated solid waste disposal system are few of the
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