Acute Care Of Pneumonia Patient Case Nursing Essay
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Added on 2020-10-22
Acute Care Of Pneumonia Patient Case Nursing Essay
Added on 2020-10-22
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Summative project on one medicalcondition
Summative project on one medical conditionPneumonia is a respiratory condition that affects primarily the lungs and then whole bodyof the individual. The essay makes a comprehensive discussion regarding, various examinationsthat are required to be conducted by the nurses. The essay will then discuss regarding variousnursing interventions that may be taken in case of the patient suffering from acute ailment ofpneumonia. Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of lungs which is responsible for affecting smallair sacs, that is, alveoli. Typical symptoms of this disease are chest pain, dry cough, troublebreathing and fever. Some people may also experience shaking chills and increased rate ofbreathing as well. It is caused due to infection of bacteria or virus and less commonly occur dueto presence of other organisms. There are other risk factors involved with the condition ofpneumonia as well related to lungs. These are COPD, cystic fibrosis, poor ability of coughing,asthma, diabetes, heart failure, leading to weakening overall the immune system. The disease isgenerally diagnosed through physical examination. Other tests that help in confirming theexistence of disease include blood examinations, Chest X-Ray and sputum assessment as well.There are certain vaccines available that can help in preventing specific types of pneumonia.Other preventive methods include hand washing and not smoking. The main cause behindpneumonia helps in deciding that which type of treatment must be given to patient (Butcher andet.al., 2018). In maximum cases, it occurs due to bacterial infection and hence is treated with thehelp of antibiotics. In severe cases, the individual is also hospitalized. If patient faces continuousproblems with breathing, then in certain conditions, oxygen therapy is also given. Pneumonia, which is caused by Legionella may have symptoms such as abdominal pain,confusion and diarrhoea. If it has occurred due to Klebsiella, patient may experience bloodysputum. Lung abscesses may lead to chronic bronchitis. When pneumonia is caused due toMycoplasma pneumoniae, it has direct association to swelling of the lymph nodes in neck.Predicting the underlying cause may prove to be difficult in some cases as patient mayexperience combination of symptoms. There are more than 100 strains of infection agentspresent that are identified to be pneumonia causing representatives. However, only few of themare responsible in majority of the cases (Sørensen and et.al., 2013). Mixed infections are prone in45% of children and 15% in adults. Risk factors related to predisposing condition of pneumoniainclude chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney illness, alcoholism,1
immunodeficiency, smoking, asthma and liver ailment. Extreme use of acid suppressingmedicines in form of proton pump inhibitors or H2 blockers can lead to increase the overall riskof pneumonia. The origin of pneumonia is from upper respiratory tract that move towards lowerrespiratory region. In the normal body, upper airway helps in giving protection and competingwith pathogens for adequate amount of nutrients. Lower airway is responsible for reflexes ofglottis which includes the actions of complementing proteins and immunoglobulin which play animportant role in protection aspects. Micro aspirations of contaminated secretions can furtherlead to create infections in lower airways, ultimately causing pneumonia. Physical examinationmay disclose low blood pressure, low oxygen saturation and high heart rates. The respiratory ratecan also become a quite faster, which can occur a little early in comparison to the other signs thatare revealed by the body (Van Ness, Peduzzi and Quagliarello, 2012). The affected side of chestmay experience decreased expansion. Chest radiography is generally used by health careprofessionals for diagnosis of pneumonia. There is other type of pneumonia as well which ishealth care associated. It is a type of infection which is generally associated to recent exposure tohealth care system. It is inclusive of outpatient clinic, hospital, dialysis centre, nursing home,home care and chemotherapy treatment. Pneumonia can also be acquired through the hospitalwhich occurs in 48 hours or more, after getting admitted in the hospital. The disease may not beincubating at time of admission. In maximum of cases, it is due to presence of infection inhospital with high risk of multidrug resistant pathogens. As patients who are admitted to thehospital generally have lower immunity level; they are at the high probability of catching adisease. Prevention criteria includes adoption of environmental measures, vaccination and givingappropriate of health issue in which a patient may be constantly dwelling. Immunizingindividuals and care workers can help in reducing the incidence of pneumonia to the minimum.A strong recommendation has been given to preferably vaccinate children below the age of 2years. In order to treat the condition of pneumonia, health care professionals tend to involve inproviding oral antibiotics, simple analgesics, proper rest and fluids to the patient so as to movetowards complete recovery (Morinec, Iacaboni and McNett, 2012). However, elderly people whomay face trouble in breathing may require advanced care as well. If symptoms worsen even after2
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