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Surname 1
Name
Professor
Institution
Course
QS1
Part A
1. B
2. B
3. D
4. A

Surname 2
5. C
6. A
7. C
8. B
9. B
10. B
Part B
1. Aerobic metabolism refers to the way through which our bodies create energy via
combustion of carbohydrates, amino acids and fats when oxygen is available.
Anaerobic respiration refers to the method of creation of energy by burning
carbohydrates when oxygen is not present. It occurs once lungs are incapable of putting
sufficient oxygen in the blood circulation (Chamari & Padulo, 2015, p. 9).
b. Aerobic respiration uses a less effective oxidizing agent and hence it is unable to gain
more free energy as it is the case in the aerobic respiration (Chamari & Padulo,
2015, p. 10).
2. a) There are 97 Exoplanets since they are the same as the Exoplanets that orbit around the
sun.
b) They are the main sequence stars
They orbit closer than how mercury orbits the sun
c) M/M_E = 2.69 (R/R_E) ^0.93
d) We need to observe how the spacecraft orbit is influenced by the gravity of the planet.
This will help us to define its density profile.

Surname 3
3. Habital zone refers to the orbital region surrounding a star where earth like planet can own
liquid water on its surface and consequently support life (Madhusudhan, Agúndez, & Moses,
2016, p. 133).
b) Exoplanet HD 149026b orbits its host star inside the habitable region.
4. A)
I. Cellular organization
II. They respond to stimuli
III. They exhibit growth and development
IV. They adapt through evolution
V. They exhibit homeostasis
VI. They have metabolism (Madhusudhan, Agúndez, & Moses, 2016, p. 143).
b) Living organisms like faunas need air, aqua and food whereas floras need air, water
and nutrients for their growth and light
c) There are no extra solar natural satellites that have been detected. Nonetheless, in
2018, there was a discovery of an exomoon orbiting Kepler 1625b. Jupiter and Saturn
have moons that have conditions that can support life. The earth is capable of supporting
life and is where we live today (Hyodo & Ohtsuki, 2015, p. 189).
Jupiter Moons: the moon is habitable since it has salty water. The exomoon also has the
right proportions of hydrogen and oxygen to support the biological systems.
Saturn Moons: here we have large molecules that were created by complex chemical
processes including the ones that are interconnected to life (Hyodo & Ohtsuki, 2015,
p. 190).

Surname 4
QUESTION 5
a)
b) Hot Jupiter has high temperatures almost twice as much as the earth’s atmosphere. If
such conditions were introduced in the earth’s atmosphere, the rate of evaporation in the earth’s
surface would be very high and the ultra-rays would lead to cancer.
6 a)
Power absorbed/area = (1-A) (Solar Flux@mars) / (distance) 2
Energy taken =energy produced
(1-A) (Solar Flux@mars) / (distance) 2 = 4x sigma x T4
T4 = [1368 W m-2 / 4sigma] (1-A)/a2,
Get the fourth root: T = {1368 W m / (4sigma)} 1/4 (1-A) 1/4 /a1/2

Surname 5
=-50 degree Celsius. This temperature is low as compared to actual average surface area for earth
which is approximately 15 degrees (Wakeford, Visscher, & Lewis, 2017, p. 123).
b) The temperatures for escape of gases in mars is about 215k. These temperatures are
comparable to the temperatures in the inland Antarctica .The daily range of temperature in the
lower atmosphere is huge as a result of low thermal inertia (Wakeford, Visscher, & Lewis,
2017, p. 124).
QS2
Part A
1. C
2. C
3. A
4. A
5. D
6. D
7. B
8. B
9. D
10. D

Surname 6
QS2 PART B
1. What are the proposals of Oparin and Haldane on how life began on the early Earth?
In 1864, Louis Pasteur gave an explanation on his experiments that showed that life
could not be created in the absenteeism of the preexistence of life. His work is appreciated as the
basis of contemporary science since it settled a debate concerning impulsive generation
(Lazcano, 2015, p. 112). Impulsive generation referred to an inkling that suggests that life
could emanate astoundingly from a non-living matter. Pasteur’s suggestion suggested that life
could only come from life. The big question was how living organisms initially appeared on
planet earth. The answer to this question was answered by of Oparin and Haldane (Lazcano,
2015, p. 124). Alexander Oparin was a Russian biochemist, outstanding for his commitments
to the hypothesis of the inception of life on Earth, and especially for the "primordial soup"
hypothesis of the development of life from carbon-based particles (Jheeta, 2016, p. 112).
Oparin additionally gave impressive exertion to enzymology and built up the establishments of
modern natural chemistry in the USSR. He got various enhancements and grants for his work,
and has been designated "the Darwin of the twentieth Century".
In 1924, Oparin formally set forward his persuasive hypothesis that life on Earth was
created through progressive synthetic advancement of carbon-based atoms in a "primordial
soup", at pretty much a similar time as the British scholar J. B. S. Haldane was freely proposing
a comparable hypothesis (Lazcano, 2015, p. 133).
Oparin and Haldane made notable contributions to the hypothesis of the origin of life on
planet earth. They came with answer in 1924 and explained that the source of life could be
elucidated not as result of abrupt compeers of organisms in a few weeks but from a long process
of chemical fruition. There has been an advanced progress ever since 1920s (Lazcano, 2015,