This presentation covers the elements, equipment, steps and engineering use of surveying. Surveyors make use of elements of regression analysis, engineering, physics, trigonometry, geometry, metrology, programming languages, and equipment like total stations, theodolites, robotic total stations, retro reflectors, clinometer, 3D scanner, radios, digital levels, drones, GIS, handheld tablets, surveying software, subsurface locations, and GNSS receivers. The steps in conducting surveying include establishing the need for a survey, reaching out to numerous surveying firms to get the estimates of the costs, making comparison from the contacted surveyors, choosing a surveyor, and giving the surveyor a chance to conduct the survey. Surveying is a basic requirement for each civil engineering project.
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