Sustainability Problem in Perth: Factors and Governmental Involvement

This essay explores the sustainability problem in Perth, Australia, including factors such as temperature, rainfall, and governmental policy implication. It discusses the history of governmental involvement and the identification of system factors for the problem. The essay also includes a linkage analysis and concludes with a summary of the major factors and frequent analysis for occurring the association with increased activity.

Dechen Pelden 33415364 Major Project part 1
“Perth has a dry Mediterranean climate, and a rapidly drying climate, yet household water
consumption continues to be amongst the highest in Australia.”
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Dechen Pelden 33415364 Major Project part 1
Table of content
Table of content..............................................................................................................................2
Introduction....................................................................................................................................3
Governmental involvement and history in Perth....................................................................3-4
Factors to include the sustainability problem in Perth...........................................................4-5
Identification of system factors for the problem.....................................................................5-6
Rationale of the factors:................................................................................................................6
What is the issue?........................................................................................................................6
Why is it an issue?.......................................................................................................................6
How the research will focus on the topic?...................................................................................7
Linkage analysis.........................................................................................................................7-8
Conclusion......................................................................................................................................8
Reference list.............................................................................................................................9-10
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Dechen Pelden 33415364 Major Project part 1
Introduction
In order to encourage the environment and the convention of the biodiversity, all the issues
related to the international actions and development of species must be taken in order to point the
direction towards the better quality. Perth had a thirsty history to scramble to find the proper
water resource. Recovering the loss and land degradation is similar to protecting the global scene
and increasing the rate for the economy. As per the millennium goals for Australia, application to
diminish the poverty and develop the changes in the climate along with ecological degradation is
described in detail. The basic challenges that are examined in all countries are climate and
ecological changes, land degradation, and rising inequality in Australia. The study mentioned
will majorly focus on the demand of the colonial water resources management in Australia (dry
climate, factors causing problem and its identification in Australia (Perth).
This study will be focused on the demanding the colonial
Governmental involvement and history in Perth
In early 1920s, state government was innate to choose for the investments and reliable to water
supply (Morgan, 2017). Hills Water Supply Scheme can be taken as early measurements and
proved to be more profligate pattern as using water. High level of sanitation, cleanliness of the
values and perceived soils for sustaining the summers to meet the household’s standard. Perth’s
sandy soils are supposed to be posed for standard accessibility of water. State Government of
Perth invested to cope with the settings for time and families for addition to the endeavours of
modernity to contribute the aspirants for industrial development in south of Perth. Dams of
Darling Range is provided as garden city and vision with the industrial development at south of
Perth (Aukema et al, 2017). West Australian government took the initiation with willing
knowledge to make the dam for providing the towns for emulation with metropolitan habits in
additional care and development for town after Second World War.
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Since the Second World War, potential involvements and source is drawn to the accessible for
affordable water utility to turn to the ways water supply. Groundwater is the major source in
Perth to add in dry decade and it was sources from the groundwater resource. Compared to the
state’s utility it is easily accessible for the resources. Piping is the major supply and half of city’s
water may be drawn to the groundwater resource (Melville et al., 2010). Half of the city’s major
water resource were drawn and contain with the iron ore. In 21st century, delivery of lowest
stream is flowing from the dam and dry water may undergo since the drought of 1914.
Conditions since 1914, average stream flow can be emerged as evolving the 1970s and the
declining into Perth for dams to draw the resources restriction with severe extent with unpopular
rate of late 1970s. Circumstances to precede the desalinated water in 2002 have been planted for
opening as first desalinated source of water. In 2005, it has set up in Sydney, Australia for
second desalinated plant. Groundwater is reserved as affording the governmental trial in 2011,
which would be followed as replenishing the methods for ground water supply (Barron et al.,
2014). It is to aim for the extreme water supply and program with treating the wastewater. By the
year 2022, Perth’s water supplies will be treated with climatic independency
State government is developing the up dated state climate change for strategic analysis to include
the public transport and metropolitan planning for range with service and planning for five years
in technology implementation. Planning can be developed as the global trending and model is to
include the extensive integrated as carbon sequence. According to the Premier’s climate change
action statement, office in climate change it can be enhanced for office change establishment
(Horne, 2018).
Factors to include the sustainability problem in Perth
Some of the reformation had been implemented as major part of Australian National Initiative.
Drought can effect for the extreme climate change and reformation for particular climate change
and in other parts in Australia would face the extreme climate changing knowledge. The reform
to be proposed for water laws in rewriting in Western Australia. In particular cases, drying south
decades will experience the climate change as stated by Cross et al (2017). Suffering from the
ground water reduction is due to rainfall and storage in decades to come.
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Reform to propose for the particular expansion in West Australia which effects human including
three decades as there was reduced rainfall and ground water had limited storage. This is
extreme challenge for the Western Australia’s water laws to adapt quickly. To ensure the
sustainability in Perth, sustainability to use as fossils and fuels, the question will depend to use as
unsustainable use of groundwater source. Challenging cases can be executed as compulsory in
severe drought declared by Water Minister. The drought problem in Perth is related to
ecological, economical problem to be established as possible areas to complete knowledge for
solving the problem (Enright 2017).
Drought has several significant of impact of natural environment in aquatic ecosystem, which is
affected by drought. Natural habitat can be influenced as marking the plant population to save
from drought (Morgan, 2017). Many terrestrial ecosystems can have several circumstances to
lead to decline the natural beyond the threats and several planning during Millennium Drought.
During the equivalent area in Australia, it can be planted as native factors for applying the area
with natural conditions. High demand of urban water may be supplied as not frequently and
severity increasing in city. Industries have other approaches to restrictions for water and areas to
be filled as 129 litres per person (Frost et al., 2016).
In coastal areas, rising of sea level will increase the return of storms tide in Perth area as it occurs
once in 100 years. Probability is to find for the dramatic implications and coastal erosion and
reduction in decades (Mingers et al., 2010). Due to climate change, vegetation and water
retention on Australia especially in Perth is low and bushfire became prone, as it is hot and drier
region. Due to observed risks in temperature frequency, the risks have been increased in Perth.
The risk factors may be partly executed as associated as greater risks for severe bushfire and
lighting frequency (Frost et al 2016). Wild West Australian economy would be appeared to the
area with limitless strong and recent benefits as large geological glacial activity as establishing
the programs and projects with climate change activity (Nguyen et al., 2012).
Identification of system factors for the problem
The first factor to be analyzed is temperature. Rise of temperature is one of the factors to
increase in Perth. According to Head et al., (2014), 0.8 degree has varied with experienced
highest value with warming and hot days for Perth to experience in last 40 years. From 1910 to
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2009, 0.15 degree has been increased and the greatest level of warming can be experienced for
executing the whole summer as greatest number with hottest and driest record. Perth has created
the record as hottest and driest place among Australia. Summer temperature would be increased
for 2070 by 1.5 degree. According to the analysis and survey it can be said that the projection for
the Perth’s mean temperature is at high risk (Head et al., 2014).
The second factor is less rainfalls average in 50% less nowadays. In this region, reduction of
waterfall has some illustrated inflow near Perth. This has dramatic reduction by 75% for average
capacity with supply with average consequent dramatic reduction in supply chain system.
Climate has future capacity to decline as cyclonic tendency with extreme severe increase. Future
risk for stronger storm effect in loss of rain and it has been estimated, as by 2030, rainfall will
reduce by 0-20%. Since 1996, Perth has basic average dramatic inflow with consequent with mid
estimation (Head et al., 2014).
The third factor is effect of state government. WA strategy is to develop from 1991s and roots to
support for approaching to demonstrate the grass roots for approaching to the strategic issue to
support the kind of policy in Australia. Office of climate change is to establish to develop the
comprehensive approach to the issue. They have applied some policies such as leading
development policy in WA and response to climate change, working across to the reporting data
and preparation with governmental issue to the methodologies with gas monitoring and
evaluation with policy change. A range of policies can have different effects in adaption policy
(Horne, 2018).
Rationale of the factors:
What is the issue?
Among Western Australia, Perth is the driest city. It has become one of the best impressive driest
cities in world. It is a factor as the drop average of annual rainfall is an issue as the reduction of
annual waterfall is noticed. Climate council is to focus on the rainfall by 80% since 1970s
((Little, Marie Emma 2017). Temperature, rainfall, government policy are the factors to
concentrate the effective shortfall with the behavioral and technological issue in term.
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Why is it an issue?
Perth has impact of strong population as 300bn currently. Since 2006, the shortfall has been
completed as technological change to bring the gap. Australia forecasted the huge technological
and bridging the survey with state to measure the community business to take risk as the business
measurements is dependent on the climatic change there. The climate change and future effects
would be a serious case for shedding light on it (Little, Marie Emma 2017). Rainfall decreasing
has resulted as drought, which had become the city without annual average for water supply.
How the research will focus on the topic?
The research would help to recognize the available paths to solve out the problems and to help
for the likelihood of the climate changing issue. Extreme cyclone or extreme droughts are not
effective for crops and to fulfill the business demand in the city as Perth, is the capital of West
Australia (Morgan, 2017). Eventually Perth has impact of winter points there as it will help to
increase the extreme storm events for cyclone damage in Australia with occasional believe with
rainfall frequency in particular risk zone with extreme cyclonic storm events. Greatest risk will
be delivered as shifting to implication of dramatic occurrence with range of implication for
coastal erosion. It will effect to the Australian risk to definite the climate change for storm tide in
climate changing factors. The research will be focused to the rainfall declining and climate
change factors to establish the rationale of the study.
Linkage analysis
Temperature and less rainfall are interconnected as projecting to the million vehicles for playing
as being part of government policy in Australia. World cities may be programmed as playing as
interconnection role to reduce the role with gases by 2020. Temperature rising would affect the
climate change as adaptation with federal government as the government is linked with it too
(Porqueddu 2016). Playing global connection is to change the climate and adaptation for setting
the governmental rules related to adaptation to establish the project.
Australia found the climate; topology with vegetation to severe bushfires to change the
temperature and frequency with the temperature can have effective result on climate change.
Governmental policy has effects for changing the temperature and the reduction in water loss
deficiency. Frequent of the water loss deficiently, it can count the temperature and the future of
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Dechen Pelden 33415364 Major Project part 1
Perth would recognize the condition with the lighting of activity to associate with storm activity
(Wiek et al., 2011). Government has given some policy in changing atmosphere for the
economic survey with limitless resources for sharing effect for environmental and recent activity
for lighting the association with storm activity.
Relationship with temperature, rainfall with government
The above diagram shows the linkage between the rising temperature, reduction in the rainfall
and the governmental policy implication. It clearly state that if the temperature rises, there is will
be less chances of rainfall which will tend to the implications of government policies. However,
one factor affects the other in an adverse ways because of the strong link between the three
(Clayton et al., 2015).
West Australia will be increased as climate change and effects for Perth. The increase risk can be
associated with greater risk for severe condition of nature to be controlled (Rundel et al., 2016).
Conclusion
In order to conclude the essay, it can be said that Perth has devastating effect for increasing the
temperature and it affected the climate there. Analysis and study has proved that the climate
change and reduction for more negative condition with frequent association with risk activity for
climate change. It has been described the major factors and frequent analysis for occurring the
association with increased activity.
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temperature
arising
governmental
policy implication
reduction in
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Reference list
Aukema, Juliann E., Narcisa G. Pricope, Gregory J. Husak, and David Lopez-Carr. "Biodiversity
Areas under Threat: Overlap of Climate Change and Population Pressures on the World’s
Biodiversity Priorities." PloS one 12, no. 1 (2017): e0170615.
Barron, Olga, Ray Froend, Geoff Hodgson, Riasat Ali, Warrick Dawes, Phil Davies, and Don
McFarlane. "Projected risks to groundwater‐dependent terrestrial vegetation caused by changing
climate and groundwater abstraction in the Central Perth Basin, Western
Australia." Hydrological processes 28, no. 22 (2014): 5513-5529.
Clayton, T. and Radcliffe, N., 2015. Sustainability: a systems approach. Routledge.
Cross, Adam T., Maria Paniw, Fernando Ojeda, Shane R. Turner, Kingsley W. Dixon, and David
J. Merritt. "Defining the role of fire in alleviating seed dormancy in a rare Mediterranean
endemic subshrub." AoB Plants 9, no. 5 (2017): plx036.
Enright, Neal J., and Joseph B. Fontaine. "Climate Change and the Management of Fire‐Prone
Vegetation in Southwest and Southeast Australia." Geographical Research 52, no. 1 (2014): 34-
44.
Frost, Lionel, Andrea Gaynor, Jenny Gregory, Ruth Morgan, Seamus O’Hanlon, Peter Spearritt,
and John Young. "Water, history and the Australian city." (2016).
Head, Lesley, Michael Adams, Helen V. McGregor, and Stephanie Toole. "Climate change and
Australia." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 5, no. 2 (2014): 175-197.
Horne, James. "Water security in Australia." In Global Water Security, pp. 21-52. Springer,
Singapore, (2018).
Little, Marie Emma. "Health Impact Assessment of Climate Change in Rural Western Australia:
The Blackwood Stirling Area 2030." PhD diss., Curtin University, 2017.
Melville, Nigel P. "Information systems innovation for environmental sustainability." MIS
quarterly 34, no. 1 (2010): 1-21.
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Mingers, John, and Leroy White. "A review of the recent contribution of systems thinking to
operational research and management science." European journal of operational research 207,
no. 3 (2010): 1147-1161.
Morgan, Ruth. "The Allure of Climate and Water Independence: Desalination Projects in Perth
and San Diego." Journal of Urban History (2017): 0096144217692990.
Nguyen, Nam C., Doug Graham, Helen Ross, Kambiz Maani, and Ockie Bosch. "Educating
systems thinking for sustainability: Experience with a developing country." Systems Research
and Behavioral Science 29, no. 1 (2012): 14-29.
Porqueddu, Claudio, Serkan Ates, Mounir Louhaichi, A. P. Kyriazopoulos, Gerardo Moreno, Ad
Pozo, Carlos Ovalle, M. A. Ewing, and P. G. H. Nichols. "Grasslands in ‘Old World’and ‘New
World’Mediterranean‐climate zones: past trends, current status and future research
priorities." Grass and forage science 71, no. 1 (2016): 1-35.
Rundel, Philip W., Mary TK Arroyo, Richard M. Cowling, Jon E. Keeley, Byron B. Lamont, and
Pablo Vargas. "Mediterranean biomes: Evolution of their vegetation, floras, and
climate." Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 47 (2016): 383-407.
Wiek, Arnim, Lauren Withycombe, and Charles L. Redman. "Key competencies in
sustainability: a reference framework for academic program development." Sustainability
science 6, no. 2 (2011): 203-218.
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Su2 512 Sustainability, Ecology and Communities
Major Project: Part I
Academic requirements Poor Fair Good Very Good
Excellent
Quality of writing, structure and clarity x
Referencing x
Quality of research and justification x
Project requirements Poor Fair Good Very Good
Excellent
Understanding of sustainability x
Understanding of a systems approach x
Quality of systems analysis (especially linkages) x
Creativity and originality of ideas x
Relevance of ideas x
Comments and grade
Dechen, you show a good understanding of the issue here, and give a lot of relevant information.
The assignment covers a number of factors contributing to the problem of, and gives you a good
base from which to work.
There are a couple of issues which need to be addressed in order for the assignment to pass (I
would very much like to pass it, as you have done such good research as have such good ideas!).
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One is to do with clarity in writing, one is to do with referencing, and the other is do with the
analysis of the key contributing factors. To explain these further:
Referencing:

 Provide a citation for any factual statement that you give
 It must be made clear where it is an idea or fact that is being referenced, and where text is
being directly quoted from elsewhere
Writing – have a look at:
 The structure of sentences (for clarity – at times I lose your meaning)
 Punctuation
 Plurals
Analysis:
 Include a systems brainstorm which shows a number of factors interlinking
 Show the links that have been drawn already on the ‘linkages’ figure
If you take this copy of the assignment with my comments on it to the Student Learning Centre
in the library, they can assist you to work through the feedback. Once this is done, please send it
through to me – if the three dot-points I have made about referencing and the content about the
linkages has been updated, I will be delighted to be able to raise your grade to a pass  Can
you please do this within a week, and send it through to me by the 27th of May? The
resubmission can be emailed directly to me at my email, which is [e-mail]
Please don’t be too disheartened by being asked to resubmit – it is a steep learning curve
stepping into the academic system of a different country! You have made a good start, and it is
now a matter of building on that. Once you are familiar with things like referencing systems, the
next semester will be so much easier! It is also up to do whether or not you respond to my
feedback and resubmit accordingly, or if it is too busy a time of semester (you have already been
awarded some marks for the work you have done here). It is up to you 
GRADE: Invitation for resubmit by May 27th
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