Sustainability And The Environment Case Study 2022

Running head: SUSTAINABILITY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Sustainability And The Environment
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Table of Contents
Case study 1: Climate change in Magway region in Myanmar.................................................3
Introduction............................................................................................................................3
Current Issues in Magway region, Myanmar.........................................................................3
Causes of Climate Change in Magway region, Myanmar....................................................3
Impacts of Climate in Magway region...................................................................................4
Solutions for Climate Change in Magway region..................................................................6
Conclusion..............................................................................................................................7
Case study 2: Soil pollution in Youxian , China........................................................................8
Introduction............................................................................................................................8
Issues of Soil Pollution in Youxian, China............................................................................8
Causes of Land Degradation in Youxian province, China.....................................................8
Impacts of Soil Pollution in Youxian province, China..........................................................9
Solution and Action Plan in Youxian province, China........................................................11
Conclusion............................................................................................................................12
Case study 3: Air Pollution in Jaipur and Delhi, India............................................................13
Introduction..........................................................................................................................13
Issues related to air pollution in Jaipur and Delhi, India.....................................................13
Causes of air pollution in Jaipur and Delhi, India...............................................................13
Impacts of Air Pollution in Jaipur and Delhi, India............................................................14
Solution and Action plan for Jaipur and Delhi, India..........................................................16

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Conclusion............................................................................................................................17
References................................................................................................................................18

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Case study 1: Climate change in Magway region in Myanmar
Introduction
Climate changes have become one of the major concerns for the environmentalists all
over the world (Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet., 2019). For the past 20 years, most
of the places in the world have faced consequences of climate change. It has been seen by
environmental scientists that the underdeveloped countries are more affected by climate
change than the developed countries (Eckstein, Künzel and Schäfer 2017). This study
analyses the issues, causes of the issues, their impacts and possible solutions of climate
change in Myanmar, a severely underdeveloped country.
Current Issues in Magway region, Myanmar
Myanmar is spread over an area of 676,578 sq.km and consists of a population of 54
million people (Myanmarccalliance.org., 2019). It ranks 135 out of 169 in the index of human
development thus making the country one of the most underdeveloped in Asia. In the past 20
years, Myanmar has seen many floods. The cyclones have increased in frequency and
intensity. The country lies in the tropical region and thus have tropical monsoon type of
climate predominantly. In past two decades though, the country has experienced erratic
rainfall and sudden spells of heavy rain that has led to flooding in the delta regions like
Magway region. The summers in the country also has recorded highest temperatures during
this time (Horton et al. 2017). The sea level in Myanmar coastal areas has raised significantly
thus affecting, lives, agriculture and water preservation.
Causes of Climate Change in Magway region, Myanmar
Due to climate change, some places have experienced severe cold where some have
seen intense heat. Thus sudden shift in environmental climate changes are not a result of few

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years but of decades of environmental exploitation and degradation. In case of Myanmar, the
causes that have led to climate change are directly or indirectly human induced. The reasons
are:
1. Greenhouse effect: greenhouses are structures built in severely cold places. In them
plants are kept so that they can live. The glass of the green house prevents the heat
generated from the rays of the sun to go out. There are many gases in the atmosphere
of the earth that can have the same effect. Carbon-di-oxide, Carbon monoxide,
Methane are all greenhouse gases. This gradually increases the temperature of the
earth leading to changes in climate (Horton et al. 2017).
2. Human activities: the emission of automobiles, factories and other human activities
increases the greenhouse gas content of the atmosphere. Due to the greenhouse effect,
the earth retains much of the heat that is received from the insolation. This causes rise
in heat that creates unusual conditions to arise. Due to intense heat, many areas
including Myanmar develop depression in the summer months. They attract high-
speed wind that increases cyclone occurrence.
Impacts of Climate in Magway region
According to Kreft and Eckstein (2014), people all over the world will feel the impact
of climate change and variability that have caused death to more than 5 lakhs people along
with losses that amount to 2.5 trillion. The main impacts of climate change on the country
are:
Increase in life and property loss: due to change in the climate, Magway region has seen
several cyclonic disasters, floods and heat waves that have taken the lives of more than a
million people in the last two decades. Along with that, it has affected the life of many more
and has caused large-scale government and private property loss.

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Impact on population: Myanmar has heterogeneous population and there is a history of
conflict among them. The climate change has caused them to become vulnerable and prone to
disaster effects. Their conflict has led to limited advancement in the areas that they reside and
thus, they are unlikely to find shelter or food supplies after any disaster (Slagle 2014).
Barrier to sustainable development: frequent climatic disasters and have slowed down the
sustainable development of the country. The government creates plans in order to develop
areas that need the most attention. Due to climate change, several areas have not been in the
condition of development. The government had to manage the disasters so often that it left
little time and opportunity to enact developmental plans.
Coastal inundation, flooding and draught: the rise of sea water level has caused many
areas of Myanmar to flood. Due to the increase in sea level, the coastal areas have also
become prone to inundation. There are several rivers that flood during the monsoon near the
Magway region. In the central hilly areas, on the other hand, experience extreme hot and dry
seasons owing to the climate change. Due to the scarcity of rain, these areas experience
severe draught. This leads to forest fires and acidification of rain. That in turn affects the flora
and fauna of the ecosystem, thus, disrupting the balance of the nature.
Water supply: according to Shrestha, Thin and Deb (2014), due to the shortage of rain and
frequent flooding, there are many places all over the Myanmar, specifically in the Irrawaddy
river regions that face water scarcity. Flooding causes water pollution or infiltration of
polluted water into the ground water reserves thus causing scarcity in drinkable water in
regions like Magway. Draught prone areas face problems regarding water as well.
Diseases: flooding and water pollution are the main causes of water-borne diseases. The
population of Myanmar are vulnerable to such diseases. Specially, the people living in the
low lying river deltas, like Rakhine state, are extremely prone to such diseases and thousands