Sustainable and Responsible Tourism Management

This document provides an overview of sustainable and responsible tourism management. It discusses the concept of sustainable tourism, the roles of global organizations in promoting sustainable tourism, and the purpose and planning of tourism development to reduce adverse effects on the environment. The document also explores the impacts of tourism on socio-cultural, economical, and environmental segments, as well as the principles of sustainable tourism. Additionally, it examines the development and management of sustainability in different tourist destinations and evaluates the success or failure of sustainable tourism management in chosen destinations.

Sustainable and Responsible
Tourism Management
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
LO1..................................................................................................................................................3
P1 Concept of Sustainable and Responsible Tourism and its evolution................................3
P2 Roles and responsibilities of dominating global organisations in promoting idea of
sustainable tourism.................................................................................................................4
M1 Concept of Sustainable and responsible tourism in accordance of leading global
organisation............................................................................................................................6
LO2..................................................................................................................................................6
P3 Purpose and planning of tourism development in order to reduce adverse effects on
environment............................................................................................................................6
P4 Process of tourism development and planning along with associated challenges and
problems.................................................................................................................................8
M2 Different approaches to planning for tourism development............................................9
LO3 .................................................................................................................................................9
P5 Impacts of tourism industry in context of socio-cultural, economical and environmental
segments.................................................................................................................................9
P6 Principles of sustainable tourism.....................................................................................10
M3 Contribution of various stakeholders in developing sustainable tourism practices.......11
LO4................................................................................................................................................11
P7 Development and management of sustainability in different tourist destinations..........11
M4 Success or failure of management of sustainable tourism development in chosen
destinations...........................................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14
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INTRODUCTION
Sustainability refers to the process in which an attempt is made to fulfil present
requirements without sacrificing the needs of future generations. Sustainability plays an
important role in development of tourism industry and industry has seen a rapid increase in
adoption of idea of sustainable development of tourism industry. On the global level, tourism
industry is one of the fastest growing industries. Sustainable tourism development refers to
process of expansion of tourism industry in sustainable manner. The main motive of this report is
to understand the idea of sustainable development of tourism industry by taking example of
London as the destination. London is one of the largest cities in Europe which is attracting huge
number of tourists, therefore it becomes important to apply idea of sustainable development to
this place. London is also a world tourism city and it is an important tunnel for tourists coming
to Europe and three visitors out of total four tourist coming out of airport are destined to London
only. In additions to this intensity of visiting, tourist coming to Europe prefer to stay in the
capital and also make their more than half spending in this place which makes it look even more
attractive. The main tourist attraction point in London is the capacity of city accommodation
facilities which in figures is almost a fifth of total capacity of national stock of hotel bedrooms.
This place an important role in functions like centre of trade, a centre hub for global financial
services, acts as home for all traditional cultural institutions of country. It is basically that part of
Europe which acts as a hub for attracting large number of tourists every year and makes it more
profitable.
LO1
P1 Concept of Sustainable and Responsible Tourism and its evolution
It is very important to study the relationship of environment and tourism as tourism
industry depends heavily on nature. This relationship has a history of over 60 years and it has
evolved in four stages (Álvarez-García and et.al., 2018). In 1950's the relationship was just
considered to be coexistence, it was understood that tourism was just having a narrow impact on
natural surroundings, by the 1970's the view has turn around and this coordination is now
considered as a conflict able scene. In 1980's, a new stage has been achieved in understanding of
the relationship between natural environment and tourism industry. During this time, it was
clearly visible that both the parties have seen sharing a symbolic relationship. The opinion was
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further evolved in 1990's and now the equation was seen as integrated relationship. This opinion
explained that tourism is having serious impact on natural environment and it can further result
into negative consequences as development of tourism can be diminished. It is believed that
tourism industry can be developed by following environmentally compatible manner through
applying concept of sustainable development ideas on tourism industry (Aminu and et.al., 2015).
Sustainable tourism is a very like concept to sustainable development and is facing
similar difficulties with its implementation process. According to various researches, it can be
said that the concept of sustainable tourism is standing on 3 basic pillars that are, maintaining
and also preserving non renewable resources, planning by keeping long term objectives in view,
and also sharing opportunities and resources in a fair manner at a global level.
P2 Roles and responsibilities of dominating global organisations in promoting idea of sustainable
tourism
It becomes essential that there is some regulating authority intervening in management of
developing concept of sustainable development around the globe. In this context various
organisations can be identified such as UNWTO, WTTC, etc.
 UNWTO: United Nations World Tourism Organisation is the largest global organisation
regulating the tourism industry. Present largest motive of this organisation is to promote
sustainable development around the globe. This is due to increasing importance of
integral relationship between environment and tourism industry. The guidelines of of
UNWTO and other management practices are focusing on just one thing i.e. Sustainable
development of tourism industry. These are applied on various types of places which
includes elements elements like mass tourism and different types of niche markets
segments. Sustainability principles basically refers to all environmental aspects of
tourism industry, viz., environmental, economical and socio cultural dimensions. These
principles throws light on establishing balance between these three dimensions so as to
strike sustainable development of tourism industry (Boley, 2015). According to
UNWTO, following are the basic considerations of sustainable tourism:
▪ Optimised use of environmental resources that will play the vital role in
development of tourism industry and also maintaining ecological processes in
order to preserve natural heritage and biodiversity.
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▪ The main aim of this organisation is to develop a respectful feeling for all socio
cultural values of host place and to maintain cultural heritage and traditional
values so as to contribute to developing understanding and tolerance power of
inter cultural values of hosting venue.
▪ This objective is directed towards providing long term benefits for economic
operations and also making efforts so that socio cultural benefits can be flourished
for every stakeholder of tourism industry. These benefits include providing
unstable condition for employment opportunities, fair income opportunities and
also serving society with social services and contributing to the act of poverty
alleviation. (Borden, Coles and Shaw, 2017).
 WTTC: World Travel and Tourism Council acts as a centre for all professionals of travel
and tourism industry. Its organisational structure consists of members from global
business community and works with governmental authorities to raise awareness about
the travel and tourism industry.
WTTC focus on seven key areas that promotes the concept of sustainable growth of
tourism industry:
▪ Climate & Environment Action – It is the aim of organisation to reach the point of
climate neutrality by 2050 and also to create awareness in general public and
tourists about the impact that tourism industry can put on natural environment.
▪ Sustainable Travel & Tourism Partners – This is a common platform that bring
various groups of society on same page to share their views and opinions to
encourage idea of sustainable tourism.
▪ Sustainability Reporting – This is a process through which encouragement is
provided to different parties of the society so as to share their contribution in
development of sustainable tourism.
▪ Supervision of destination- This objective is destined to promote best policies
which will include planning for administration of tourism industry so as to ensure
that this sector includes a situation of only benefits for every stakeholder
including regulating authorities of destination, other related private sector
authorities and also the local communities.
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▪ Creation of quality work: This objective is directed towards ensuring that sector
remains a driving force for creating quality jobs in the industry and also to make
the tourist industry a attractive place for workforce as compared to other
industries.
▪ Providing protection to wildlife: Increased intensity of tourism ha already put a
huge impact on wildlife and also there is a rapid increase in illegal activities in
wild life. Therefore, it is a necessary need that organisation take some important
measures to protect wild life of hosting nation. (Budeanu and et.al., 2016).
▪ Human Trafficking - Raising awareness of how our sector can prevent Human
Trafficking and providing a forum for collective action.
M1 Concept of Sustainable and responsible tourism in accordance of leading global organisation
Leading global organisation like UNWTO and WTTC, are continuously coming up with
various tools, techniques and guidelines so as to protect the environment from impact of tourism.
These organisations are working all around the globe (Chatkaewnapanon and Kelly, 2019). WTO
defines the idea of sustainable tourism as making present generation of tourist satisfy and also in
order to preserve facilities for future generation of tourists as well. It is a forecasting technique
which enables the management of tourist industry so as to meet of all needs in economic, social
and aesthetic aspects and also the method of meeting these needs in a way that cultural integrity
is maintained. Furthermore, ecological processes, biological processes, and life support systems
are to be maintained. Global organisations defines responsible tourism as the way of tourism that
focuses on minimising negative impacts in context of social, economical and environmental
segments. This will ensure generation of higher economic benefits for local people and also
enhances the well being of host communities.
LO2
P3 Purpose and planning of tourism development in order to reduce adverse effects on
environment
The process of tourism development and planning is basically covering various processes
and plans for tourism development. The main motive of tourism development planning is to
generate higher revenues and also to reduce negative impact that tourism industry can have on
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the heritage and culture of host nation. In given case, the host nation is London, tourism industry
is highly successful due to the reason that its planning process is dependent on effective planning
tools and techniques. This whole process of planning covers various steps such as estimation of
demand and supply of tourist, determining desired goals and objectives, moving further with that
planning based on desired goals, development of basic required infrastructure, financial
planning, developing HRM planning and suitable organisational structure, formulating effective
marketing strategies, ending process with monitoring and evaluation control. While taking up
above process, one important factor that needs to be considered is time factor (Chen, 2015).
In London, tourism industry is impacting three major segments and these are social,
environmental and economical. Planning of tourism development is been working in the
direction of minimizing these impacts in following manner:
 Economic impact: This analysis helps in determining the impact of tourism on economic
conditions of country. Tourism is impacting economic sector of London in a great
manner (Edgell, 2019). Administration of planning department is trying to minimise this
effect by encouraging growth in secondary and tertiary sector. This model will help in
monitoring economic effects and converting number of visitors to economic terms.
 Environmental impact: Increase in number of visitors and tourist to London has clearly
created a huge impact on environment. The main issue in this respect is increased
pollution like other industries. Environmental impact Assessment is an important
measurement method which helps in analysing environmental impacts on different types
of developments and projects. The main method adopted by management is carrying
capacity technique that is helping in identifying capability or capacity of a specific area.
This technique helps in developing the tourism industry keeping in mind the natural
capacity so that environment is also not effected.
 Social impact: The major issue in this segment is dynamically changing behavioural
pattern. This is clearly visible in population, poverty, quality of life. These all factors are
covered in social impacts those are effecting London tourism. Administration of planning
department is handling this issue by measuring the impact with the help of analysis of
secondary data. The most used model in this respect is Doxey's irrisex model. This model
is based on the developed thinking process of local community population of country and
it assists in determining impact of change in attitude of local people towards tourism.
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Principals of sustainable tourism development:
 Using resources in sustainable manner: this principal refers to the situation when
resources are exploited and are used in more quantity which is actually required.
According to this principle, conservation of natural resources should be promoted and
they should be used in quantity which is required.
 Reducing over consumption and waste: Reduction of over-consumption and waste
avoids the costs of restoring long-term environmental damage and contributes to the
quality of tourism.
 Maintaining biodiversity: Maintaining and promoting natural, social and cultural
diversity is essential for long-term sustainable tourism and creates a resilient base for
the industry.
P4 Process of tourism development and planning along with associated challenges and problems
There are some defined steps that needs to be followed in order to develop accurate
policies and procedures so that these actions are directed towards achieving sustainability in such
areas (Guo, Jiang and Li, 2019). Whole process of planning of tourism development is described
below:
 At the first stage, planning for sustainable tourism is performed so that it can
identify the areas of services which needs improvement. This is made possible by
optimised use of resources.
 In the next step, administration follows rules and policies that are formed on the
ground of supervision so that effective plan can be formulated to make the visit
most advantageous for both visitor and host nation.
 In the next stage, there is a meeting between tourist and administration so that,
visitor can be provided with best possible benefits those meet their needs and
requirements (Hall, 2019).
 Administration of tourism industry of London is contributing a huge part in idea
of sustainable tourism by making optimised use of natural resources and this is
visible in mitigating the adverse impact of tourists on society and surroundings in
a proper manner.
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There are various issues that are confronted by administration of tourism industry of
London while taking up the process of sustainable tourism development and they are listed as
follows:
 Natural environmental changes: Due to increased tourist attraction in London, it has
developed developed some negative impacts on its surroundings such as attrition of
beaches, exploitation of natural resources, contamination, etc. These all factors have
posed a threat that are directly hampering the process of sustainable tourism development
in London.
 Lack of local participation: There is specific part of society (eg. Local people) who are
only concerned about high degree of tourism as it is the main source of income for them.
This means that they are not willing to participate in the process of sustainable tourism. If
there is lack of participation at the local level itself than it may lead to failure of the
whole process.
 Social impacts: In the history of tourism industry, London has always been the most
attractive destination for travellers. This increased visitors has enriched the pleasure in
London civilization and local people have to move from one place to another. This
movement has marked changes in social trends as well due to changes in behavioural
trend of people. This dynamic behavioural pattern is posing a threat to the process of
sustainable development of tourism industry (Hanna and et.al., 2016).
M2 Different approaches to planning for tourism development
There are several approaches and methods those can be used in analysis and presentation
of idea of sustainable tourism enlargement accurately. These methods will help in obtaining
needed data for planning for tourism. These methods can be used by London tourism industry to
analyse whole stages and situations of London in a better way and also identifies the areas that if
invested more can generate huge success and revenues in future. Through these process,
administration can easily identify the policies and procedures those can assist in sustainable
growth of tourism industry. The main motive behind these approaches is to attract large number
of tourist towards a variety of services and places (Higgins-Desbiolles, 2018).
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LO3
P5 Impacts of tourism industry in context of socio-cultural, economical and environmental
segments
Tourism is an industry which has long lasting impacts on every segment of the hosting
nation. This is due to the fact that this industry is interlinked with many other business lines. For
instance, tourism has a strong relation with hospitality industry as tourist will stay at some hotel
or so. In this way, it can be elucidated that tourism forms a integral part of growth and success of
nation. It is known fact, that every coin has two sides, similarly impacts that tourism industry has
contains both positive and negative as well. In this part of the report, effects are understood by
taking example of specific destination of London, which has been a very famous destination
from ages and that too all around the globe. Impacts can be studied in three different areas and
these are:
 Socio-cultural: Increased destination in London has created a great impact on socio-
cultural behavioural pattern. As now local people have to move on more rapid rate and
also increased tourist has created a severe change in life standards also. This may result in
impact on cultural trends of people. Another major issue relates to problem of housing
and pollution.
 Environmental: These are the most serious issues those are faced by every tourist
destination around the globe. This segment refers to the impacts that activities of tourism
put on surroundings of natural environment. Maine issues that London is facing in this
segment are increased level of pollution and climate changes. They are the main aspects
which are affecting the process of attaining desired goals and objectives of tourism
industry (Lozano-Oyola and et.al., 2019).
 Economical: Tourism industry is facing several benefits in economic terms due to
increased trend of tourism around the globe. Though, London is very stable in economic
terms but in case of economic terms of tourism industry, they are facing certain issues.
These issues relate with difficulty in converting number of visitors into economic
benefits. Also, administration needs to understand the benefits that increased tourism can
put on growth of small scale industries by promoting them (Moore, 2015).
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P6 Principles of sustainable tourism
There are various principles that needs to be followed in order to make the process of
sustainable tourism successful:
 Minimising environmental impacts: Administration of tourism industry should
consider environmental impacts on two levels. These levels are local level and global
level. At local level, precaution should be taken so that visual quality of landscapes is
maintained. Another precautionary measure at local level should be in respect of avoiding
immediate impact in order to minimise pollution (air, water or land). At global level, the
main issue that needs to be addressed are greenhouse gas emissions and also usage of non
renewable resources and management of tourism industry should planning in accordance.
 Achieving conservation outcomes: This principle is focused on seeking support for
conserving natural resources, flora and fauna, wildlife habitat and also attempting to
mitigate possible damage to these segments of environment. There should be
establishment of a mutual exclusive pact between tourism industry and conservation. This
will help in developing better understanding and enjoyment of protecting the resources is
different.
 Stress over being different : It is basically the way to create competitive advantage over
other destination so that revenues and profits can be increased. This can be the key to
successful sustainable tourism industry as it will provide a clear picture of difference
from other tourist destinations. All these objectives can be achieved by stressing on the
strengths and opportunities of destination and also establishing a good brand image and
brand value in the market.
 Another principles relate to various segments achieving authenticity, reflecting
community values, understanding and targeting the market, enhancing the experience,
adding value, having good content, enhancing sense of place through design, providing
mutual benefits to visitors and hosts and also building local capacity (Pan and et.al.,
2018).
M3 Contribution of various stakeholders in developing sustainable tourism practices
Stakeholders can be defined as all related parties that are affected by the process. In the
given case, stakeholders of tourism industry are local tourism industry, tourism organisations,
relevant governmental and/or local agencies, local residents, local community groups and
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visitors / tourists. Stakeholders play an important role in policy formulation and implementation.
This consultation becomes more important even at local level. Therefore, it becomes mandatory
to consider opinions and views of all tourism stakeholders so that no important concern is missed
during the planning for sustainable development of tourism industry (Putri, Soemarno and
Hakim, 2015). The findings of the research show that according to stakeholders, local authorities
have the most important responsibility for sustainable tourism development and should lead the
other stakeholders in that development because they are the most powerful party; they have the
role of preserving heritage buildings and planning sustainable tourism. Tourism enterprisers also
stated that they have responsibilities in preserving heritage buildings by restoring or renovating
their hotels. Local residents have the responsibility to preserve the local culture and to sustain it
for the future of the community and for tourism.
LO4
P7 Development and management of sustainability in different tourist destinations
For this question, it is required to choose different destination and for this purpose,
selected places are London and Turkey. Tourism industry is one of the emerging industries and
there is increasing trend of visiting different places. Therefore, in this view, it becomes important
to regulate and manage this industry in more sustainable manner.
Due to increased number of visitors, there are some of the issues faced by these tourist
places which are described as follows:
London: It is the most attractive destination for tourist from ages and therefore, it is
facing serious issues like changes in socio cultural changes which in turn results in impact on
service patter. Further issues relates to housing and pollution. Local public residing from years in
London are forced to leave the place due to increased urbanisation. Furthermore, some negative
impacts that industry put on economic conditions also create a problematic situation for whole
industry. Environmental issues like increased pollution, over exploitation of natural resources,
etc. are only some of the hurdles in management of sustainable tourism.
Turkey: The situation at this place is also not very different as it is one of the major
competitive destination of tourism. In present time, major issues faced by tourism industry of this
country are religious and ethnic cultural management. In context of environmental factor, this
place is facing challenges like climate change and land desecration which are impacting tourism
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industry in bad way. Furthermore, issues related to unstable economic standards is major
effecting factor.
M4 Success or failure of management of sustainable tourism development in chosen destinations
There are various recommendation that are advocated to both the places so as to improve
the management of above mentioned process:
London: Administration of the venue should initiate some changes which will related to
social segment. This is an important task to implement as it would mean that various socio-
cultural issues can be overcome. To maintain the authenticity and management of the
environmental aspects this is necessary to initiate some of the strategies which will be helpful to
attain environmental benefits. Furthermore, implementation of financial management strategies
becomes necessary to overcome the economic challenges faced by this country.
China: Most important strategy that is needed to be implemented is modifications in
ethical and religious considerations as it will ensure attraction of more tourists to the place. It
becomes necessary to implement some climatic management strategies so as to maintain
environmental aspects considering major environmental issues faced by this place. This is
necessary to implement some trends which helps to maintain the economic management
(Romão, Guerreiro and Rodrigues,2017).
CONCLUSION
From this report, it can be concluded that idea of sustainable tourism helps majorly in
development of tourism industry. Furthermore, it facilitates to satisfy tourist's needs and wants in
a more better way. All regulating authorities and government should involves themselves in
management and maintaining all impacts such as social, cultural, environmental and economic in
hosting country. There are some important considerations that will have to be kept in mind
before planning for future of tourism industry in London. These factors relate to control on crime
in hosting country, development of infrastructure, optimised usage of natural resources, etc. this
whole process can be defined as the planning and implementing different policies so as to ensure
sustainable development of tourism industry in London. Tourism is an integral part of the
economic segment of any country, therefore, it becomes mandatory to formulate policies and
strategies in an effective and efficient manner. This industry not only assists in engaging a large
number of tourists but also creating employment opportunities in the country. This report aims to
throw light on different approaches and methods those can be adopted so that enlargement of
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idea of sustainable development of tourism industry can be ensured. This report discusses several
issues and obstacles that arise in the path of practising of sustainable ideas in tourism industry so
that effective strategies can be formulated.
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REFERENCES
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