Sustainable and responsible tourism development

This report focuses on sustainable and responsible tourism development, exploring the purpose and principles of tourism development planning for minimizing adverse effects. It evaluates the process of tourism development and planning, and identifies approaches for reaching sustainable objectives. The report also investigates the impacts of tourism activity and examines how principles of sustainability are executed by specific tourism businesses. Additionally, it analyzes the contributions made by different stakeholders to develop sustainable tourism practices.

Sustainable and
responsible tourism
development

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................1
P3. Exploring purpose along with principles of tourism development planning for minimising
adverse effects of tourism-oriented.............................................................................................1
P4. Evaluation of process of tourism development and planning addition to concerned changes
and problems................................................................................................................................2
Critical evaluation of various approaches to tourism development planning to reach
sustainable objectives successfully..............................................................................................4
Critical evaluation of approaches for tourism development and planning for identifying along
with justifying rationale to measure and monitor sustainable performances..............................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
P5. Investigating impacts of tourism activity that are generated by particular tourism
attractions from different perspectives........................................................................................5
P6. Examining the ways principles of sustainability executed by specific tourism business or
attraction meet expectations of stakeholder.................................................................................6
Analysing contributions made by different stakeholder to develop sustainable tourism
practices for minimising adverse impacts for meeting sustainable objectives............................6
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................7
P7. Evaluation of sustainability...................................................................................................7
Critical evaluation of success of sustainable management..........................................................8
Recommendations for improving sustainable management and development for a range of
tourism destinations.........................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Sustainable tourism could be defined as the tourism which is highly focused with the
decrement of impacts of different economic, social and environmental impacts upon the tourists
so that the number of visitors for different destinations could be increased. On the other hand,
responsible tourism is the process in which responsibility of making tourist destinations
attractive is taken by the local authorities or legal parties (Hall, 2019). Sustainable and
responsible tourism could be described the tourism which is able to attain sustainability within
the industry and able to meet the expectations of all the tourists. Present report is based upon The
International Tourism Consultancy Associates which is specialist in formulating tourism master
plans and develop strategies. The destination from where the government tourism team
approached the organisation is The United Kingdom. This assignment covers various topics such
as determination and evaluation of main features, importance and principles of sustainable and
responsible tourism development. On the other hand, the management of it is also covered in this
report in context of destinations around the world.
TASK 2
P3. Exploring purpose along with principles of tourism development planning for minimising
adverse effects of tourism-oriented
The term tourism development and planning could be defined to making plans for growth
together with maintenance of destinations and overall tourist industry (Shen, Sotiriadis and Zhou,
2020). It helps in drafting strategies, programs and plans for developing level of tourism for an
attraction. In case with The United Kingdom, The International Tourism Consultancy Associates
is responsible for planning and development of the destination. The purpose behind development
and planning of tourism is to enable diverse number of advantages to all involved parties or
stakeholders. At same time, for The United Kingdom, tourism development planning serves
purpose of assisting in preserving natural, social and cultural heritage for vacationers so to
reduce adverse influences of tourism on the destination.
As per Cohen Hunter, concerns of sustainable tourism have become too far removed from
the parental concepts that results in gap that states principles and policies of sustainable tourism
development (Hunter, 2020). There are certain principles of tourism development and planning
that are key to be followed for minimising negative effects of tourism (Musavengane, 2019).
1

Some of principles that are adhered by The International Tourism Consultancy Associates of
tourism planning and development are explored underneath:
Principle of supporting local communities: The principle states that tourism companies
are required to support local communities while planning and developing tourism of destination.
For The United Kingdom, the principle is adhered by The International Tourism Consultancy
Associates to support local communities and their needs without any compromises.
Principle of training employees: Principle of training staff states that staff training that
integrates sustainable tourism towards practices of work must be used at all levels. In The
International Tourism Consultancy Associates, the principle is adhered for providing adequate
training sessions to employees that improves quality associated to tourism commodities.
Principle of Involving investors: As per the principle, all active investors must be
involved in tourism planning and development so to make optimum returns in invested values
(Edgell Sr, 2019). In case of The United Kingdom, managers of The International Tourism
Consultancy Associates involves or takes guidance from all involved investors and maximise
their returns that leads to generating huge interest for developing the destination.
Approaches to planning of sustainable tourism:
 Boosterism approach: It is one of tourism planning approaches which have attitudes for
developing tourism that is inherently good as well as provides advantages to host
destinations. It is featured as being part of an attitude to develop growth and any drastic
impact are dominated through possible one.
 Managerial approach: Another approach of tourism development which is
organisational oriented as well as depends on micro factors is managerial approach. The
approach basically emphasis on management related practices including planning,
organising, directing and controlling destinations. The changing nature of tourism
development of a particular destination requires implementation of managerial approach
so to manage all activities to develop the destination.
P4. Evaluation of process of tourism development and planning addition to concerned changes
and problems
The concept of tourism development planning involves various stages to explore along
with advance practical understanding among tourism and related areas (Han, Yu and Kim, 2019).
2

In this, workings performed by team of The International Tourism Consultancy Associates on
stages to develop and plan tourism are below:
Acquiring Understanding: It is first step of tourism planning and development wherein
managers of The International Tourism Consultancy Associates study about market to acquire
understandings for new changes in the destination. In this, challenge faced by the team is
changes in perception of travellers for the location.
Devising objectives: Once understanding about new changes are acquired then the next
is to set objectives (Ruhanen, Moyle and Moyle, 2019). The objectives for tourism development
planning for The United Kingdom is to improve destination by modifying infrastructure that
garbs attention of wider travellers.
Studying market: The next is to study market through conducting surveys to collect
data. In relevance to The International Tourism Consultancy Associates, marketers study about
target consumer segment or market by using quantitative and qualitative research methods. In
this stage, challenges and problems that are faced by the team are inappropriate selection of
variables and limited time to carry out research.
Conducting new surveys: In this stage, new surveys are carried out by the team so to
gauge representativeness of views along with experiences of individuals. Professionals of The
International Tourism Consultancy Associates divides the team and conduct new surveys to
collect data for making sensible decisions as per analysed outcomes. In this stage, team faces
issues related to inappropriate response from respondents and inconsistencies in rating level.
Policy and plan formulation: On the basis of results, plans along with policies are
framed to develop tourism by The International Tourism Consultancy Associates. A conceptual
plan is devised that provides a concept about what will be done and at what point.
Implementation of plan for development: The stage involves putting al the plans into
real actions for development. In context to tourism of The United Kingdom, managers of travel
establishment allot activities to each person that leads to developing tourism of the attraction. In
this stage, various challenges and issues are faced that includes less involvement of employees,
changes in situations and inappropriate directions by leaders.
Monitoring and reformulation: It is last phase of tourism development planning in
which all stages and their results are properly monitored as well as plan is reformed in case some
changes are required (Kuščer and Mihalič, 2019). The issue faced in this stage by The
3

International Tourism Consultancy Associates includes limited resources, inefficient monitoring,
lack of experience and ineffective evaluation practices.
Critical evaluation of various approaches to tourism development planning to reach sustainable
objectives successfully
As per Lee and Jan (2019), it have been critically evaluated that managerial and
boosterism approaches of tourism development planning are used by The International Tourism
Consultancy Associates for achieving sustainable objectives in success criteria. In context to
boosterism approach, its benefits the company in promoting the destination such as The United
Kingdom,Vietnam and Australia to attain objectives. However, implementation of the approach
requires huge knowledge and skills. At same time, managerial approach helps in concentrating
base activities and functions including planning, organising, directing and controlling tourism of
destinations that inspires employees to work with defined criteria that leads to enhancing brand
image. However, the approach creates biased behaviour which restricts performances at some
extent.
Critical evaluation of approaches for tourism development and planning for identifying along
with justifying rationale to measure and monitor sustainable performances
In accordance with statements of Hermawati (2020), it is critically evaluated that
approaches of tourism development planning assist in attaining sustainability objectives
promptly. The approaches are managerial and boosterism that helps The International Tourism
Consultancy Associates to measure and monitor sustainable performances of the destination that
includes The United Kingdom, Australia and so on. Among the both, boosterism approach is
effective for The United Kingdom as it direct in analysing situation and setting goals with purely
marketing context which closely parallels the desires of travel business interests. It is an
important tourism development approach which have behaviour for developing tourism of The
United Kingdom that is inherently best and provides advantages in measuring together with
monitoring performances in sustainable manner.
4

TASK 3
P5. Investigating impacts of tourism activity that are generated by particular tourism attractions
from different perspectives
Tourism activity is the practice undertaken by a person while moving from their normal
location of residence to other location for business or leisure aspects (Siakwah, Musavengane
and Leonard, 2020). Some of tourism activities are trekking in primary forest, Wildlife night
spotting, bird watching, tour to biodiversity hotspots, kayaking, traditional music performance,
cycling and community based staying are generated by tourism of The United Kingdom. Within
The United Kingdom, various tourism activities impacts attractiveness of the destination. In this
aspects, The International Tourism Consultancy Associates have investigates different views that
are underneath:
Economic: Tourism have become an essential economic sector that contributes widely on
improving economic position of a destination of nation. According to economic perspective,
tourism activities that are generated by attractiveness of destination that is The United Kingdom
impacts positively as it enhances employment opportunities, increases tax revenues, contribute in
standard of living and created wider opportunities for small businesses.
Social: Tourism activities devised by specific destination leads to various social changes
within host communities that comprises changes in living standards of social lives (Xu, Nash
and Whitmarsh, 2020). The social perspective says that tourism practices devised from The
United Kingdom impacts positively on changing perspective of society, traditional ceremonies
and moral; conduct within the industry.
Cultural: Tourism activities that are devised from destinations impacts drastically
(Schiffling, Phelan and Loday, 2020). In aspect to cultural perspectives, travel activities
generated from The United Kingdom impacts on patterns of behaviours, quality of living on
local population, style of livings and so on. Most activities impacts positively on enhancing cross
cultural interactions, keeping local cultures, traditions and fostering cultural values.
Environmental: In an environment, tourism activity gradually destroy resources on
which attractiveness of the destination depends. In case with The United Kingdom, it is analysed
by managers of The International Tourism Consultancy Associates that travel activities produced
by the destination impacts drastically as these puts huge stress on usage of land which causes soil
5

erosion, force on endangered species addition to increases level of pollution or garbage (The
International Tourism Consultancy Associates, 2020).
P6. Examining the ways principles of sustainability executed by specific tourism business or
attraction meet expectations of stakeholder
Sustainability refers to an ability for existing constantly. In other words, it is about
capacity of biosphere as well as human civilisation to co-exist. There are wide number of
principles of sustainability that are adhered by The International Tourism Consultancy
Associates in The United Kingdom for meeting needs together with expectations of stakeholders
(The International Tourism Consultancy Associates, 2020). Some are as examined:
Principle of supporting local communities: According to the principle, local
communities are the stakeholder that have needs for getting acquainted with local habits,
behaviour and relations. By adhering the principle, managers of The International Tourism
Consultancy Associates meets predictions of local community through respecting their ideas,
promoting small business and engaging them in development of the destination.
Principle of training employees: Employee is the stakeholder who works for company
in exchange of wages or salary. In relevance to The International Tourism Consultancy
Associates, expectations of employees are met by providing them required training session,
respectful attitude, recognition, timely compensation and paid leaves (The International Tourism
Consultancy Associates, 2020).
Principle of Involving investors: Investors are the companies or people who puts money
into business with expectation of higher profits. Along with this, investors have expectation of
long term gains and generating securities again and again. In association to The International
Tourism Consultancy Associates, expectations of investors that puts money into destination like
The United Kingdom, Vietnam and so on are met by giving them higher returns on their
investment as soon as possible (The International Tourism Consultancy Associates, 2020).
Analysing contributions made by different stakeholder to develop sustainable tourism practices
for minimising adverse impacts for meeting sustainable objectives
Stakeholders are organisation, communities and people that widely contribute in
developing sustainable tourism activities for minimising adverse impacts to meet objectives. In
The International Tourism Consultancy Associates, associated stakeholders are employees,
investors and local community that contribute their efforts in form of actions and money that
6

results in achieving identified objectives of sustainability (Mir and Singh, 2020). At same time,
all the stakeholders involves in decision making for destinations including The United Kingdom,
Vietnam and many more that preserves resources sustainable to gain concerned objectives.
TASK 4
P7. Evaluation of sustainability
Tourism Sustainability refers to taking into account the various types of factors prevailing
in the macro environment so that the development of tourism can take place without creating a
harm to the environment and the society (Spenceley, 2019). Thus in this way tourism can be
developed in a responsible manner. The International Tourism Consultancy Associates can help
in tourism sustainability in a range of destinations worldwide in the following manner-
 The United Kingdom.- U.K. Is a developed country and is the host to millions of tourists
worldwide every year. The Government of U.K. Has set different laws regarding Tourism
Sustainability. International Tourism Consultancy Associates can make sure that the care
for maintaining sustainability in tourism in U.K. Is taken by Going Green. It encourages
the customers and clients to make more use of the Green Products which therefore
contributes towards development of a Greener Planet and Environment-Friendly
Tourism. For the purpose of tackling climate and fostering tourism of The United
Kingdom, government of the destination has set targets of net zero greenhouse gases till
2025 (Kapetaniou, 2020). With this, green industries are retraining about 21 per cent of
employees compared to only 11 per cent in highly polluting industries. Also, shift to
green growth requires significant investment and incentives for some regions in order to
reduce the production of fossil fuels and make the switch to environment activities.
 Australia- Australia is also a developed country and different tourists from various
countries in large numbers worldwide visit it every year. International Tourism
Consultancy Associates is ensuring that it is able to support the local economy by
encouraging the customers and clients to avail the products and services provided by the
different businesses in the country when they make a visit to the country. In this way it is
providing a much-required boost to their business. In Australia, Tourism 2020 is seen as
whole-of-government along with tourism industry long-term strategy for building
resilience as well as competitiveness of Australia’s tourism industry and grow its
7

economic contribution (Sustainable tourism of Australia. 2020). Through Tourism 2020,
the government is emphasising on improving the industry’s performance via pursuing
opportunities towards enhancing consumer spending together with addressing factors of
supply-side factors. The strategy is being implemented in three phases; it is nearing the
end of the ‘seeing the results’ phase.
 Vietnam- Vietnam is a developing country which is also visited by different tourists
every year. International Tourism Consultancy Associates is ensuring that it markets the
tourism of the country responsibly by providing full information about the country to its
customers and clients so that they are able to contribute towards the effective
development of tourism in the country thereby helping it to generate revenues and raise
its level of income.
Critical evaluation of success of sustainable management
The sustainable management which has been applied by International Tourism
Consultancy Associates in different destinations worldwide is quite successful in ensuring that
the tourism of these countries witnesses a major boost in the future. Also in this way the
company is making sure that the tourism of these countries is sustainable in nature and thus is
able to contribute towards the environment and the society as a whole (Fennell and Bowyer,
2020). Thus it can be said that the strategy for sustainable management which has been applied
by the company has been very successful in giving a boost to tourism.
Recommendations for improving sustainable management and development for a range of
tourism destinations
In U.K. The Going Green strategy of International Tourism Consultancy Associates has
been very successful. However it is recommended that the company encourages its customers to
adopt more green products when they visit internationally to different countries. Similarly, In
Australia the company can aim for ensuring that it supports more local businesses in developing
their business (Panzer-Krause, 2019). Also, In Vietnam the marketing of the tourism will be
done more effectively so that it can contribute towards the enhancement of the revenues of the
country.
8

CONCLUSION
From the information, it is concluded that tourism in a major international exchange
addition to employment generation in multiple destinations. Sustainable tourism is seen as form
of tourism that widely meets essential of all tourists, host communities and hence forth without
compromising ability for coming generations fro the purpose of meeting their own demands.
Responsible tourism is kind of tourism that makes optimal resource utilisation, respects socio-
cultural authenticity, ensures viablity and contributes in alleviation of poverty. There are various
global organisation that performs operations and functions in tourism industry. Hunter's principle
of sustainability aids in minimising adverse results of tourism. Tourism development planning
helps in devising overall plans or strategies of destinations along with meeting objectives.
Stakeholders such as investors, community, employees and so on plays significant role in
developing attractiveness of tourism industry.
9

REFERENCES
Books and journals:
Edgell Sr, D. L., 2019. Managing sustainable tourism: A legacy for the future. Routledge.
Fennell, D. A. and Bowyer, E., 2020. Tourism and sustainable transformation: a discussion and
application to tourism food consumption. Tourism Recreation Research. 45(1). pp.119-
131.
Hall, C. M., 2019. Constructing sustainable tourism development: The 2030 agenda and the
managerial ecology of sustainable tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 27(7).
pp.1044-1060.
Han, H., Yu, J., Koo, B. and Kim, W., 2019. Vacationers’ norm-based behavior in developing
environmentally sustainable cruise tourism. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality
& Tourism. 20(1). pp.89-106.
Hermawati, A., 2020. Transglobal leadership approach to sustainable tourism competitiveness at
tourism sector-engaged MSMEs through integrated human resource performance and
responsible marketing. International Journal of Tourism Cities.
Higgins-Desbiolles, F., 2020. Socialising tourism for social and ecological justice after COVID-
19. Tourism Geographies, pp.1-14.
Kapera, I., 2018. Sustainable tourism development efforts by local governments in
Poland. Sustainable cities and society. 40. pp.581-588.
Kuščer, K. and Mihalič, T., 2019. Residents’ attitudes towards overtourism from the perspective
of tourism impacts and cooperation—The case of Ljubljana. Sustainability. 11(6).
p.1823.
Lasso, A. and Dahles, H., 2018. Are tourism livelihoods sustainable? Tourism development and
economic transformation on Komodo Island, Indonesia. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism
Research. 23(5). pp.473-485.
Lee, T.H. and Jan, F.H., 2019. Can community-based tourism contribute to sustainable
development? Evidence from residents’ perceptions of the sustainability. Tourism
Management. 70. pp.368-380.
MacKenzie, N. and Gannon, M. J., 2019. Exploring the antecedents of sustainable tourism
development. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
McLoughlin, E. and Hanrahan, J., 2019. Local authority sustainable planning for tourism:
lessons from Ireland. Tourism Review.
Mir, M. and Singh, R., 2020. Empirical Examination of the Impact of Environmental
Responsible Tourism Practices on the Destination Sustainability. e-Review of Tourism
Research. 17(6). pp.837-864.
Musavengane, R., 2019. Small hotels and responsible tourism practice: Hoteliers’
perspectives. Journal of Cleaner Production. 220. pp.786-799.
Panzer-Krause, S., 2019. Networking towards sustainable tourism: Innovations between green
growth and degrowth strategies. Regional Studies. 53(7). pp.927-938.
Poudel, S., Nyaupane, G. P. and Budruk, M., 2016. Stakeholders’ perspectives of sustainable
tourism development: A new approach to measuring outcomes. Journal of Travel
Research. 55(4). pp.465-480.
Rasoolimanesh, S. M. and Jaafar, M., 2017. Sustainable tourism development and residents’
perceptions in World Heritage Site destinations. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism
Research. 22(1). pp.34-48.
10

Ruhanen, L., Moyle, C. L. and Moyle, B., 2019. New directions in sustainable tourism
research. Tourism Review.
Schiffling, S., Phelan, C. and Loday, K.P., 2020. Responsible Rural Tourism in Bhutan: Aligning
Gross National Happiness with the Cape Town Principles. Responsible Rural Tourism
in Asia, p.27.
Sharpley, R., 2020. Tourism, sustainable development and the theoretical divide: 20 years
on. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 28(11). pp.1932-1946.
Shen, S., Sotiriadis, M. and Zhou, Q., 2020. Could Smart Tourists Be Sustainable and
Responsible as Well? The Contribution of Social Networking Sites to Improving Their
Sustainable and Responsible Behavior. Sustainability. 12(4). p.1470.
Siakwah, P., Musavengane, R. and Leonard, L., 2020. Tourism governance and attainment of the
Sustainable Development Goals in Africa. Tourism Planning & Development. 17(4).
pp.355-383.
Spenceley, A., 2019. Sustainable tourism certification in the African hotel sector. Tourism
Review.
Xu, F., Nash, N. and Whitmarsh, L., 2020. Big data or small data? A methodological review of
sustainable tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 28(2). pp.144-163.
Online:
Hunter. C. 2020. Sustainable Tourism as an Adaptive Paradigm. [Online]. Available through:
<http://myfite.org/resources/Hunter%20Sustainable%20paradigm%201997.pdf
The International Tourism Consultancy Associates. 2020. [Online]. Available through: <
http://itc-associates.com/>
Kapetaniou. C. 2020. Going Green: Preparing the UK workforce for the transition to a net-zero
economy. [Online]. Available through: https://www.nesta.org.uk/report/going-green-
preparing-uk-workforce-transition-net-zero-economy/>
Sustainable tourism of Australia. 2020. [Online]. Available through: <
https://www.tourism.australia.com/en/about/our-organisation/our-performance-and-
reporting/tourism-2020.html>
11