Sustainable Design and Construction: Challenges, Strategies, and Pioneering Developments

This study explores the challenges and strategies for sustainable design and construction in Castle Combe Wiltshire. It critically evaluates some pioneering developments and discusses some sustainable principles and factors in detail. The study also provides a future plan for developing a sustainable town. The potential location and nature of the site are also discussed.

MMK226175 Sustainable
Designs and Construction

TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Critical appraisal of sustainable challenges facing Castle Combe Wiltshire along with
strategies to solve them................................................................................................................3
Critical evaluation of pioneering developments..........................................................................5
Future plan for developing sustainable town...............................................................................8
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Sustainable construction refers those buildings that have been developed or built with
recyclable or renewable resources (Xu and Shi, 2018). This study is based on developing or
building eco town by developer of Caledonian Eco-towns. This study will discuss some
sustainability challenges that developing countries and big towns are facing because of
increasing usage of vehicles and others. It will further discuss some ways or sustainability
principles by which a town can be developed or built in a sustainable manner. It will critically
evaluate some pioneering developments in order to know their strengths and weaknesses as eco
town. Some sustainable principles and factors that this study is going to discuss in a detailed
manner include: land and density, traffic congestion, development patterns and economic-
societies.
Critical appraisal of sustainable challenges facing Castle Combe Wiltshire along with strategies
to solve them
Introduction: Before discussing sustainable challenges, it is important to understand
sustainability concept with the main aim of knowing its importance. In regard to sustainability, it
can be said that it is a process of performing functions in a way by which people can meet their
own present needs without affecting needs of future generation (Moore and et.al., 2017).
Environmental factors are creating number of challenges for people and society members.
Increasing population is one of the main reason of sustainable challenges. They need vehicle for
going here and there.
Critical analysis
Factors like over use of vehicles and others lead sustainable challenge that have negative
impacts on people’s health. Some more sustainable challenges that local town is facing include:
Environmental degradation: Due to increasing transportation in big towns and developed
countries they rely on cars and it increases greenhouse gases as well as fossil fuel. It is a
deterioration of environment via depletion of resources. When people make use of natural
resources and assets to the great extent like water, plants and others then it leads situation of
environmental degradation. It can affect needs of future generation.
Traffic congestion: It refers conditions in transport that occur due to longer trip times,
increasing vehicle usage and queuing as well as slower speeds (Afrin and Yodo, 2020). When

vehicles are fully stopped for longer times then it is known as traffic congestion and it happens
because of increasing rate of vehicle usage. It increases carbon emission that affect environment
to the great extent. This is one of the main sustainable challenge that Castle Combe Wiltshire is
facing.
Inadequate urban infrastructure: There are number of people who are suffering because
of improper infrastructure including: poor communication system, public institutes and others.
Whereas, some people have all of these facilities to the great extent. Rich people makes use of
air conditioning, refrigerator and all other facilities that leads this problem and increase gap
between rich and poor. So, it is important for sustainability consultant provider as well as
government to provide equal distribution and making use of things that can be reused or
recycled.
So, on the basis of above discussed challenges, it can be said that there is requirement of
developing sustainable towns. Sustainable consultant provider will require considering some
factors while making an effective sustainable plan such as: approaches for pollution and waste
prevention, an effective land use planning for urban ecosystem, mobility management and
resource augmentation (Feltynowski and et.al., 2018). For resource augmentation, developer of
eco town can make use of 3R’s approaches that refer: reduce, reuse and recycle. Promotion of
transport planning can also help sustainability consultant provider in improving mobility and
developing eco towns.
Literature review
Some other principles, strategies and factors that developer of eco town of Castle Combe
Wiltshire will consider while developing eco town include:
According to the Wang and et.al., (2019) environmental manifestation is one of the main
factors that need to be considered. As it is discussed that pollution, global warming, waste
disposal, deforestation are main sustainable and environmental problems that developing as well
as developed countries are facing. So, they need to make use of such strategies by which all of
these problems can be sort out. It is important to have environmental justice and some associated
people and authorities need to increase awareness among people and educating them regards
negative impacts of all of these challenges. By educating people, usage of natural resources can
be decreased that can help developer of small town in successful development of sustainable eco
town.

Liang and et.al., (2020) argued and said that land use and density is the main factor that
need to be considered. Land is one of the main three factors of production in classical economics.
For developing eco town, there is requirement of land but the extent to which it can be used can
help developers in decreasing sustainable challenges. Whereas, density is the ratio of particular
type of land use per given area of land. As per the needs of people in society of this town,
developer of eco town can make use of lands and can make it sustainable. Needs of future
generation need to be considered while deciding using of land and this density or land usage can
make this eco town developer successful.
Dadashpoor, Azizi and Moghadasi, (2019) supported above view and interpreted that
development patterns play a vital role in economic and sustainable development. It is other
main principle of sustainability and factor that need to be considered while planning for eco town
development. Development patterns include: using land or land density, typology of road
network such as: ring and grid, measuring width of streets as compared to height of buildings
and other features of natural environment. By selecting all of these patterns, towns in Castle
Combe Wiltshire can be developed in sustainable manner. In addition, they also said that
Government is the main body that plays a vital role in building towns sustainable. Government
should also take initiative in this context and by developing appropriate sustainable policies and
making it compulsory for all to follow, sustainable challenges can be decreased.
Economics and society: In this context, it can be said that sustainability cannot be
maintained personally as there is need of active human participation. Developers can develop
small town but societies members are the one who can maintain sustainability by following rules
of policies. So, it is important for associated authorities to educate people regarding importance
of sustainable development and positive impacts of it on them. By engaging people in
sustainable plan, developer can develop sustainable or eco-town successfully.
On the basis of above discussed factors and principles, it can be said that developer of
Caledonian Eco-towns can decrease sustainable challenges that Castle Combe Wiltshire is
facing.
Critical evaluation of pioneering developments
Introduction: In regard to sustainable development, it is stated that by developing eco
town, people can decrease all negative impacts of sustainable challenges like health problems,
carbon emission and others (Keeble, 2018). On the basis of above discussed challenges and

principles, requirement of sustainable development has been identified. For developing town in
an economic manner, it is important for developer of Caledonian Eco-towns to evaluate or
analyse some already developed eco-towns.
Literature review
Sait and et.al., (2019) stated that Freiburg is one of the best example of eco town. In this
context, they said that this town was built as a sustainable model district on the site of former
French military base. It has been developing since 2001 and after knowing effectiveness of this
town, around 2000 residents moved in. It is known as city of vision and it can influence urban
developers.
Rostami and Thomson, (2017) argued and said that there are some limitations in
construction of Freiburg town and BEDZED is the one that consists of all sustainable principles
and characteristics. In this context, they said that this town was the UK’s first eco development
and acted as the premier demonstration project in the UK. The main purpose of development of
this town was delivering sustainability and improving health of people that was affected because
of environmental sustainable challenges.
Caprotti, (2020) supported above view and said that BEDZED is sustainable town and as
like this Masdar City also give sustainable goals. Developer of Caledonian Eco-towns can take this
town as one of the best examples of sustainable town. One of the main feature of this town is: it
has tried to achieve zero carbon city and reached nearby.
Critical evaluation
On the basis of above literature, it can be said that there are 3 main pioneering
developments that can be taken as an example by developer of Caledonian Eco-towns. By
evaluating critically to all three eco towns, developer can take better decision and can identify
factors that can lead to development of sustainable and eco town.
Some positive sides and strengths of eco developed town Freiburg include: it has been
developing since 2001 and trying to make positive changes on continuous basis. It is the town or
pioneer that is based around sustainability principles. Other main strength of this town is: an
effective focus on density and its better usage of land has influenced urban planners (Freiburg
Green City, 2018). This strength has made it able in becoming innovative infrastructure. On the
other side, there are some shortcomings and limitations of this town that developer of Caledonian
Eco-towns can consider and can develop new eco town in a successful manner. It has taken 30

years of planning for making this town sustainable which means it took a lot of time. It has given
freedom to stakeholders to the great extent. It has allowed them to change policy leering
processes and stakeholders can affect its development by taking undue advantages.
In regard to one of the best pioneering developments, BEDZED town, it can be said that it
has met all energy demands from renewable and reusable sources. This step has made this town
able in decreasing CO2 emission and global warming by 29%. Other main strength of this town
was: an ability to select building materials in an effective manner and increasing environmental
savings. Using renewable materials is one of the main key and factor that makes this town
sustainable. All these skills and strengths gave it opportunity to improve health of people. It
encouraged public transport, walking, cycling and others. Increasing focus on all these factors
has made people of this town able in improving living standard and decreasing morbidity rate.
The project of this town is being designed to use energy from only renewable sources and it has
made this town able to become zero energy of eco town (Saprykina and Saprykin, 2018).
Whereas, this town was criticised by some people because it gave excuses that it had tried a lot
to bring innovation in this project but due to increasing cost, it became failed. After getting
criticised, this town focused on influencing other new developments in the UK like: North West
Bicester. It also took a lot of time in developing eco-friendly town.
In the context of Masdar city, it can be said that producing car free city space with electric
car was one of its main strengths. It has built this town with smart technology and shading with
the main purpose to help the building adjust to dessert climate as well as becoming energy
efficient. There are some limitations for which some people have argued. It is found that as per
its proposed plan, this town has been developed to 5% only. It is estimated that it will be
completed by 2030. It is its main weaknesses and it can have negative impacts on its brand.
There are some concerns and doubts that if developer of this town will consider sustainability
principles or not because of pressure to complete this project in a timely manner.
On the basis of above evaluation and literature, it can clearly be said that BEDZED is the
best pioneer and by considering factors involved in this town, developer of Caledonian Eco-
towns can build eco town in Castle Combe Wiltshire.

Future plan for developing sustainable town
Selection of site and nature of site: Sustainable town expansion is all above refers to provide and
engage new facilities, improvement in constructive activities and improve quality of economic,
cultural, environmental stability. But the things is that its only possible when their city people
take initiative (Sulich and Rutkowska, 2020). Castle Combe Wiltshire village is beautiful village
which situated in England. It has multiple areas for visitor and the major things is people get
highly influence and attract for visit this area effectiveness mainly affects by visitors activities.
Also this area has affects by earthquake environmental issue and solution of this unexpected
issue is not easier to manage.
Thus, knowledge about this term that it affects overall village stability its essential to
engage some essential resources and planning for future effectiveness expansion in village for
maintain their beauty and history impressiveness. It zero carbon city and their eco system is
stable but its important to develop and engage new approaches for making and creating more
consistency within in village effectiveness development. Application and idea about this
activities defiantly improve quality of environment it useful for maintain suitability infrastructure
and effective eco system.
It has less population and people buying property with very good amount so because their
property rate at very impressive prices. So people develop and start construction hotels and pain
guest houses for services provide as well as for enjoy movement capture in holiday because of
their nature effectiveness (Yang, Bao and Liu, 2020).
Also one most challenging factors which impacts on their environmental condition is when
people go for visitors this place they provide harm with vehicle pollutions and many more.
Consideration for this term is important to managing and creating application which useful for
making consistency within environmental effectiveness. This place or are very limited people.
For long term or future benefits and regular or continues improvement is require for maintaining
sustainability in village area.
Potential location: In this place visitors mainly attract with Cotswolds Area because this area is
one of the most attractive place and visitors really enjoy this place with taking pictures, photo
shoots and many more. But the major challenging aspects is increasing in hotels in village
directly influence their environmental natural beauty. Knowledge about this term government

has responsibility to aware on sustainability expansion because it attracts people attraction and
useful for economic sustainability development (Marinova and et.al., 2020). It has no restrictions
to buy land on specific area where people can easily buy land they makes hotel, restaurant and
many more. And their peaceful environment, natural beauty is one of the great concept and
attractive things which is not available in any area.
Infrastructure: This aspects is all above refers to their natural beauty and their house, hotels all
are looking sae that the reason it attract people attraction. From the attraction increment it
impacts on environmental issues like water pollution, air pollution and many more. Infrastructure
of this village is outstanding natural beauty and their weather or climate is also effective and
stable. Infrastructure is proper planning process for maintaining effective eco-system at rural
area with evaluation and identification of economic, environmental and social factors evaluation.
Density: Stability in population, less manufacturing industries, stable economy, polluted free
area, less vehicles, natural beauty and many more aspects is great term of this area. Quality of
area is effective that’s the reason it provides benefit for England economy stability, thus when
other country people get attracts with this term it defiantly improve quality and consistency of
area, one major things which essential for future density improvement if this place is continues
practices for security of natural beauty like that people not provide harm and they maintain
discipline to visit this area.
Sustainability principles alignment: Haughton’s models:
Sustainability mainly develop by three major aspects which environment, economic and society
effectiveness. Knowledge about this term individual area or place people has responsibility to
maintain these three major factors for sustainability expansion (Yaashikaa and et.al., 2020).
Constructing sustainability in village are mainly requires application of this model because its
useful for provide idea to improve consistency in their environmental efficiency. This model
useful for give idea about which essential factors essential to involve in it for maintain waste and
recycling approaches. This term is all above refers to apply this term that various industries
develop manufacturing industries in urban area because lack of space in city areas. Knowledge
about this term and application of this model make sure that manufacturing industry provide
employment which beneficial for economic condition effectiveness and useful for social

activities as well because when people get employment it defiantly get increases employment
which is useful for promoting economic effectiveness. But the major thing which essential to
resolve is manufacturing industry influence pollution like air and water so form this application
of this model its mainly provide idea to applies recycling activity and reduce waste which is very
effective term for maintain suitability constructing approach.
Design patterns: Application of various tools has power to influence and prepares attractive
designs for efficiency expansion of new activity for environment effectiveness development.
This approach will defiantly provide better ideas to promoting activities with more consistency
expansion in practical application of institution development, provide knowledge education to
people and encourage their skills and motivates them. Application and utilization of these aspects
provide result to making and creating more efficiency in influencing performance of Castle
Combe village activities an when their people get educated they increase their life styles with
effective terms.
CONCLUSION
It has been summarised from the above study that sustainability plays a vital role as it has
number of positive impacts on society members and businesses. This study has discussed some
sustainable challenges that countries and big towns are facing and along with these challenges, it
has shown some ways by which challenges can be decreased. This study has been provide idea to
application of model has consistency to provide best and sustainable result which useful for
expansion of area effectiveness and security expansion of natural resources with reduce pollution
and application of recycling activity. This study has been very useful term for higher
improvement expansion within urban area and application of future developing sustainability in
Castle Combe Wiltshire village is one of the most impressive natural place so it has been clear
from the overall study that continues effectiveness expansion in this area require stability in
economic, environment and social factors.

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