Importance of Sustainable Development Goals in Achieving Zero Hunger in Haiti

This article discusses the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) established by the United Nations in 2015, with a focus on SDG2, which aims to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030. The article explores the importance of SDGs in Haiti, the challenges faced, and the strategies involved in achieving this goal. It also covers recommendations and relevant actions related to specific SDGs. The article emphasizes the importance of providing access to safe and nutritious food to the Haitian population, especially women, who are vulnerable to diseases due to undernourishment. It also discusses the importance of global health and sustainable development in achieving SDGs. The article concludes with future recommendations and actions to minimize the health effects of food insecurity and undernutrition in Haiti.

Global Family
Health

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Main body........................................................................................................................................3
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
The sustainable development Goals (SDGs) also termed as Global goal established by the
United Nation in 2015, are defined as the development which are meant to meet the necessities
of the present without hindering the availability of the resources for the future generation needs
and requirements (Fukuda-Parr, 2018). The sustainable development concentrate over the efforts
taken towards formation of an inclusive, sustainable and resilient future for the planet. The
sustainable development Goals includes 17 Goals which are in urgent call form the developing as
well as the developed countries (Swain, 2018). In this discussion the place discussed is HAITI
which is a Caribbean Country, sharing island of Hispaniola. The Sustainable development goals
opted for discussion here are SDG2. Furthermore, this discussion will demonstrate this
sustainable development Goals are important along with the challenges and strategies involved.
Moreover this discussion will also cover some Recommendations and the relevant actions related
to specific sustainable development Goals.
Main body
The sustainable development Goals 2 aims attains the Zero Hunger by 2030. This are
done through attaining the food security and improving the nutritions and promoting the
sustainability of agriculture. This goals have eight targets and 13 indicators, the targets are (2.1)
Ending hunger and easily access to the nutritious food (2.2) Agricultural
productivity(2.3)increase the productivity and profitability of small scale producer(2.4)
sustainable food production and enhanced agriculture practices(2.5) developing the genetic
diversity in the food production(2.6) (a.) Investment in rural infrastructure, agriculture research,
technology and gene banks.(b.) Prevent agriculture trade restriction, market distortion (c.) Ensure
stable food commodity market and timely access to information (Popkin, 2021).
Target 2.1 : Access to safe and nutritious food, Hunger is one of the leading reason for
death in the world. Our environment has tremendous resources but due to unequal access and
improper handling makes million of people malnourished. With the help of promotion for
sustainable agriculture along with the advanced technologies and fairly distribution within the
system, It is easier for the population as they can sustain the whole world's population and assure
that no one will suffer from the hunger. This target aims to ensure access to nutritious and

adequate food by all the people particularly the poor people and people present in vulnerable
situation. It has two indicator-
 Indicator 2.1.1 : Regularity of Undernourishment
The Regularity of undernourishment is an estimation of the proportion of the population who are
taking insufficient amount of food due to which the energy dietary level required to fulfil normal
active life style is absent. Approximately 40 % of the country is undernourished and the major
food source of Haiti which is rice is dependent on foreign Exchange. In Haiti, due to
undernourishment One in Three children of age five year or below is Stunted and One in Ten is
Wasted (Poudel and Gopinath, 2021). This undernourishment is making the Haitian women
specially those are in developmental stage of life as in the women of age group between the 18-
50 are weak and vulnerable to various diseases and disorders.
 Indicator 2.1.2 : Regularity of moderate or severe food insecurity.
The Food insecurity is a situation where people lack the access to the sufficient amount of
nutritious food which is required for the normal growth and development and also for healthy
active life. The key factor for the food insecurity in Haiti is high poverty rate and declined
agricultural productivity which is due to often natural disaster (Huffman and Nájera, 2022). The
Haitian population consumes poor quality of diets with low dietary requirements. Half of the
household in Haiti lacks the iron rich food and in one of the four house have deficits
consumption of food rich in protein and vitamin A. This all are adversely affecting the Women
and girls health. A undernourished women of age group 25 to 50 will not be able to give better
care for family, children and also for themselves. A undernourished women age group 25 to 50
will have undernourished child with unhealthy birth rate. Women between the age group 18-30
will have inadequate amount of iron and protein are mostly suffer from fatal infections and can
not able to survive the bleeding during child birth. Undernourished mother who's age may be
between the 18- 40 year experiences obstructed labour and due to not sufficient amount iron
present in body the women and girls of age group between 18 to 50 have to face the irregular
menstrual Cycles which is impacting her over all health. Maximum woman population of Haiti
are suffering from Anaemia. In order to monitor the target 2.1 of sustainable development goal
and measure the food insecurity. FAO approaches and used a survey which reports peculiar
conditions related to the limitation on access to food (Oxford, 2020).

The global health is the health consideration worldwide. It can be defined as area of study
and practice which works with the aim of prioritizing and improving the health and achieve the
interest in health. Global Health emphasizes on several health issues, determinants and the
solutions. Global health is important to considered because it covers all three part of the Health
which are physical, social, and mental well-being. With the help of Global health, all social and
environmental determinants are addressed and eliminate the inequities in health system and
health care access (Vuppalapati, 2021). The Global health address the health issue which are
transnational. By improving the global health, It assist the national and global security interests
by encouraging political stability, economic growth and diplomacy throughout the world. The
sustainable development goal includes three components Social inclusion, Economic growth,
environment position. Sustainable development goals shifted the focus of peoples in finding the
better alternatives without affecting the quality of life. Sustainable development is important
because it minimizes the reduction of naturally present resources while developing new
developments. It also help in developing and maintaining the surrounding and be continued the
development without causing any harm in the future for the environment. With the help of
sustainable development, there is provision of other methods for modernising the existing
developments into eco-friendly facilities and the projects. The population is the key factor for the
sustainable development campaign. With the growing population, it is hard with the same
unsustainable cultivation, irrigation, planting, harvesting techniques to feed the population in
future. They are financial burdening and over consumption of the fossil fuels. With the help of
sustainable development the focus will be on sustainable agricultural methods which may
include effective seeding techniques, rotation of the crop to enhance the yields while maintaining
the integrity of the soil, which generate meals for large population (Katina and et.al., 2018). The
practice of sustainability development reduces the consumption of fossil fuel since they are
depleting in future and these are responsible for the emanation of greenhouse gases. The
sustainability development provide financial stability due to the development of new renewable
technologies which will generate the sustainable jobs instead of job which are based on fossil
fuel technologies. The use of renewable energy resources and organic farming resources will not
emit any greenhouse gases in the atmosphere thus maintains the biodiversity.
The sustainable development goals, targets and the indicators have their own specific
importance. The sustainable development goals 2 is important because It aims to end the Hunger

worldwide. In context to the target 2.1, which is Access to safe and nutritious food, are very
important for the women in the families in the Haiti population as it is making them more weak
and vulnerable towards the diseases. The involved target indicator are Indicator 2.1.1 :
Regularity of Undernourishment and, Indicator 2.1.2 : Regularity of moderate or severe food
insecurity. This target goals to access the nutritious and proper food to the Haiti population. The
women of the families especially need this nutrition the Haiti women have very low nutritional
intake. These indicators will measure the women proportion especially in the age group between
the 18-50 in Haiti who are unable to get the sufficient nutrition to fulfil the normal active life and
due to which the normal growth and development of Women body is reduced. Half of the
household in Haiti lacks the iron rich food and in one of the four house have deficits
consumption of food rich in protein and vitamin A. The women of age group 18 to 50 of the
Haiti families are getting affected due this Lackness very badly. The undernourished women will
not provide proper care for the family and children, and even for their own selves. The
undernourished mother give birth to the undernourished child and unhealthy rate of birth. Due to
lack of proper amount of iron, proteins and many more the women over the age of 18 suffer from
fatal infections and can not able to survive the bleeding during child birth. Due to not sufficient
amount iron present in body the women have to face the irregular menstrual Cycles which is
impacting her over all health. Maximum woman over the 18 age population of Haiti are suffering
from Anaemia (Citaristi, 2022) As per the World food Program 135 million people are suffering
from acute hunger which are largely occurring due to conflicts between the human, several
climate change and the declining economics..
In implementation of this sustainable development goals, various challenges were also
recognised. There are numerous factor which are hindering the nutritional requirement of the
populations especially the women over 18 year of age. The major challenges faced are Under
nutrition, this has highly impacted the country and have consequences in women body
throughout the life cycle. This also increases the occurrence of other more chronic diseases.
The low investment in the agriculture sector is also one of the challenges in implementation as
the investment will reduce the hunger and poverty and improves the food security. Several small
scale producer and farmers are poor and they have limited resources and abilities, they also
face food insecurity more often and does not have easy access to the market and services. This
small scale producer are not getting assistance for the improvement of agricultural productivity,

This all result in reduction of productivity and income of food producers. The major challenges
which is hampering the implementation of stainable development goals 2 is economic recession
and the reduced Fiscal capacity of government which will protect the Haiti population from
hiked prices and loss of revenue, food supply affected by the adverse climate change. There is
huge political instability in Haiti due to several reason which is also hindering the food
distribution system (Schöneberg, 2019). Due to political instability there is poverty and limited
employment opportunities which is increasing the incidence of Food insecurity which could lead
to malnutrition. The food security and nutrition level got negatively affected by unsustainable
livelihoods, Stocks and stressors vulnerability, hiked import costs, lack of social programmes
and not adequate dietary habits and some other factors also hindering the nutritional requirement
of the populations especially the women. The sustainable development goal 2 is not going to
achieve by 2030 with the current trends.
The sustainable Development Goal 2 is the critical issue for public agenda and WFP is
nicely contributing to overall Haiti development by intensifying its operational capacity strongly
in human-centred and development activities, and its technical and policy level partnership with
core ministers. The strategics planning includes six complementary strategic plan which are
providing direct help to criss affected and vulnerable families, facilitating the access of
smallholders to markets and constructing their elasticity and ability to tackle climate related risk.
Another is supporting the national institutions and respective partners towards the achievement
of goal especially sustainable Development Goal 2 (Lemay-Hébert, 2019).
In recent year, the strategic plan developed through serious consultations with the
governments, civil society. The first plan of action which will be functioning in long term is
WFP maximising their support to national support along with the support from the
government in order to regenerate the agriculture sector so as to tackle the food insecurity. This
may include the empowerment to the smallholders farmers, especially the women of above
30 year of age by the help of training and capacitative training and facilitating the incentive
for the production by increasing the local and national product purchasing. Another plan is
working in a new way along with the United Nations which will strengthen the humanitarian
development linkage in Haiti which is assisting the sustainable development Gaol 2 and affects
in longer term.. This could be done by searching stronger synergies with a long term multi-
sector development interventions. The third plan is short term plan which will focus on Haiti's

Vulnerabilities to continual shocks by investments in adjustment measures which will include
the living and resiliency actions, the sustainable food system and plan of actions for the increased
climate risk management in order to increase the self- sufficiency within the population along
with the funding the delicate and degraded ecosystem. The fourth is also a short term strategic
action which include the management of the immediate effects of mother and child under
nourishment to managing its fundamental reason of occurrence through strengthening the
capacitative, communication initiatives for behaviour change and nutrition-sensitive safety nets.
The fifth strategical planning is increasing the importance of technical assistance in United
Nation Development assistance framework, this will include the strengthening of WFP
contribution towards the upstream policy, operational strengthening to facilitate the further
handover of WFP activities in the future to other stakeholder and to assure the long term
substantiality of development programs (Daniels, 2019).
The future recommendations and actions which should be taken in order to minimize
the health effects due to food insecurity and under nutrition due to which the health of the
women of age group between 18-50 is adversely affected which will risk the family health in
future must include specifically giving attention so as to increase the agricultural productivity
and small scale producers, the implementation of the sustainable agriculture practices and
assuring the functioning of markets in a positive ways. For example, by preventing the restriction
over the market and deformation in world agriculture trade in order to limit the food price. For
the implementation of the plan excessive efforts and upgradation are needed while
implementation so as to improve the access safe, nutritious and sufficient food for all people in
Haiti (Sarin and et.al., 2019). An integral part for the solution of Hunger are the small scale
producer which should be empowered fully in development and thus improves the food security
and declines the poverty and hunger. These small scale producer should be assisted with the
training for the management of the resources sustainability, adaptability towards the climate
change and for overcoming the barriers for the market entry, financial services and related
information. The efforts should be taken to understand the reasons of chronic malnourishment,
deficiency of micronutrients, underweight affected people especially the adult and older women
and the rural families. The department of international approaches (DFID) utilises the 3E
framework which is efficiency, effectiveness and economy in order to end the extreme poverty,
attains goals for Sustainable development goals and tackle a broader range of challenges. The

DFID should work by focusing over groups and geographical area that are left behind including
the women. By ensuring the full fledged DFID approaches for tackling the under nutrition. The
farmers should be suggested for new farm cropping because it offer both economic and
environmental benefits and directions the sustainability (de Marvao and et.al., 2021).
This idea can be improved by agricultural crop diversity by promoting the plantation of
mango tree, avocados and citrus tree in Haitian communities. This will generate the income,
promote the local purchasing and increase the food security among Haitian Communities. By
new crop production and enhanced crop yields, Haiti will get assistance for production and
farming and the farmers will be able to replace the remission farming with flourishing
commercialized agriculture which will result in enhanced food security for Haitians. The Haiti
ministry of Health should develop a plan and invest in improved medical facilities, they should
provide medical centres and organise medical camps through which the representatives should
guide the Haitian women about the benefits of adequate nutrition on their physical health and
guide them with the importance of proper calories intake and several health measure prevention.
The Health ministry should work with local NGOs and provide some nutritious meal and
periodic screening of Haitians adult and older women. A system should be developed for
emergency transportation which is being planned for connecting the health centres. The
government should also increase the maternal health care continuously by combining the post-
partum family planning, post abortions care, strengthening the HIV or AIDS programmes and
other vaccinations too for the Haitian women and girls specially between the age group of 18 to
50 (Hertwig, 2020).
Conclusion
From the above discussion it can be concluded that, The sustainable development
concentrate over the efforts taken towards formation of an inclusive, sustainable and resilient
future for the planet. This goals have eight targets and 13 indicators. This discussion is over the
sustainable development Goal 2 which works with the aims of making the hunger level zero. The
Target under this goals is about Access to safe and nutritious food. These goals have two
indicators also which include the discussion over the undernourishment and food insecurity.
With the help of promotion for sustainable agriculture along with the advanced technologies and
fairly distribution within the system, It is easier for the population as they can sustain the whole
world's population and assure that no one will suffer from the hunger. The Haitian population

consumes poor quality of diets with low dietary requirements. This all are adversely affecting the
adult and older women health. This undernourishment of adult and older women risk the life of
child, leads to fatal infection and obstructed labour, the Haitian adult and older women are
dealing with Anaemia and disturbed menstrual cycle. The various challenge faced during
implementation of this goals are Under nutrition,low investment in the agriculture sector, limited
resources and abilities, Economic recession and the reduced Fiscal capacity of government,
political instability. The strategics planning includes six complementary strategic plan which are
providing direct help to criss affected and vulnerable families, facilitating the access of
smallholders to markets and constructing their elasticity and ability to tackle climate related risk.
Another is supporting the national institutions and respective partners towards the achievement
of goal especially sustainable Development Goal 2. the future recommendations are increasing
the agricultural productivity and small scale producers, These small scale producer should be
assisted with the training for the management of the resources sustainability, adaptability
towards the climate change and for overcoming the barriers for the market entry, financial
services and related information, by performing agricultural crop diversity. The Haiti ministry
of Health should develop a plan and invest in improved medical facilities and also provide
medical centres and organise medical camps. Health ministry should work with local NGOs
and provide some nutritious meal and periodic screening of Haitians adult and older women

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