Sustainable Development and Design Practice - Paper Production Process, Comparison of Virgin and Recycled Paper, Usage of Paper Towels vs Hand Dryers

SUSTAINABILE DEVELOPEMENT AND DESIGN PRACTICE
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Solution 1:
The Process Flow Diagram for a paper product production process is shown in the below
Flowchart:
Virgin
Production Wood Yard
Mechanical
Virgin
Chemical
Virgin
Ground
Wood
CTMP/TMP
Whitenin
g
Screening
Virgin
Recovery
Screening washing
Uptakes
Bleaching
Waste paper
Paper product
production
Stock
preparation
Wet end
Coating
Rewind Finishing
Final paper
product
delivered.
Dry end

The flow chart clearly explains the process that is involved in the manufacturing of paper. Any
product cycle has three stages such as Pre manufacturing phase, Live Manufacturing phase, and
Packing and delivery stages. The Pre manufacturing phase includes the process for background
study, design and analyzing the data such as customer feedbacks needs, etc. In the pre-
manufacturing stage all the planning that is required to make the raw material as the finished
product is done, this process of planning the manufacturing process is known as process
planning. Also, the cost estimation is done before the starting of the production itself, thus the
process planning and the cost estimation takes place in the pre-manufacturing stage. The second
stage is the manufacturing stage which consists of various fabrication processes to manufacture
the product (Bilir, L.K.s 2014).
The manufacturing phase utilizes various manpower and machines to make the raw material into
the finished product. The manufacturing process must to done with care in order to eliminate
wastage of resources and to obtain a good product. The post manufacturing stage is the stage
which consists of packing and delivering the product to the customers. It includes marketing and
sales the post-manufacturing stage also includes quality checking, customer support, etc. In this
particular model, the Collection of waste paper and virgin production from the wood makes up
the part of the pre-manufacturing process. Then all the fabrication processes such as Virginian,
whitening, drying, bleaching, washing, screening, etc. comes under manufacturing processes.
The final process is the post-manufacturing process which includes delivery of the product to the
customers. (Bilir, L.K. 2014).
Solution 2:
Virgin Paper:
Kg of Co2 =1.61
Recycled Waste Paper:
Kg of Co2 = 1.03
Difference = 0.57
The waste paper is better.
Virgin Paper:
Kg Solids: 1.73 x 10-1 = 0.173
Recycled Waste Paper:
Kg Solids: 7.06 x 10 -2 = 0.0706