Sustainable Operations and Destinations

Running head: SUSTAINABLE OPERATIONS AND DESTINATIONS 1
Sustainable Operations and Destinations
Name
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SUSTAINABLE OPERATIONS AND DESTINATIONS 2
SUSTAINABLE OPERATIONS AND DESTINATIONS
Introduction
The Sustainable Development Goals refers to a global call to adapt measures to combat
poverty, protecting the environment, and making sure that every person enjoys prosperity and
peace. The United Nation’s 17 SDGs build on the effectiveness of the Millennium Development
Goals. The SDGs were invented at the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development
in 2012 in Rio de Janeiro. The primary goals were to provide a set of universal goals aimed at
meeting the urgent political, environmental, as well as economic problems facing the world. The
SDGs substituted the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) that were actualized in 2000 with
a global aim of combating poverty. Measurable and universally-accepted goals to prevent deadly
diseases, tackle extreme poverty and hunger, along with expanding primary education to every
child. For 15 years, the MDGs was at the forefront in facilitating progress in areas such as
maternal health, access to water and sanitation, reducing child mortality, and reducing income
poverty.
The SDGs are commitments to achieving what the UN started and tackle some of the
problems that face the world. The 17 SDGs are interconnected such that if one goal prospers, it
affects the success of other goals. In addition, the SDGs correspond with another historic
agreement that was reached at the COP21 Paris Climate Conference in 2015 (Biermann, Kanie &
Kim, 2017). The agreement, together with the Sendal Framework for Disaster Reduction that
was signed in 2015 in Japan provide a set of achievement targets as well as standards aimed at
managing climate change and natural disasters, reducing carbon emissions, including how to
regain from a crisis. The uniqueness of the SDGs is based on the fact that they cover issues that

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affect every person. The SDGs reaffirm the international commitment to ending poverty,
permanently, globally. The SDGs are ambitious in ensuring that nobody is left behind, and they
involve every person in building a sustainable, safer, and a more prosperous planet.
SDG Targets and Indicators
SDG 1: No Poverty
The indicator for measuring the achievement is the percentage of people covered by
social protection systems, based on their sex, distinguishing older people, children, and people
with disabilities, unemployed persons, newborns, work-injury victims, pregnant women, the poor
as well as the vulnerable. There are approximately 783 million individuals that live below the
international poverty line, - US$ 1.90 daily (Allen, Metternicht & Wiedmann, 2016). The target
is to reduce by half the number of men, women, and children living in poverty.
SDG 2: Zero Hunger
The indicators include the prevalence of food insecurity, malnutrition, undernourishment,
the volume of production, and the average income of small-scale farmers. Globally, the
proportion of undernourished individuals has declined from 15% to 11% in 2014-2016 (Akenji
& Bengtsson, 2014). The proposed target is to end hunger and make sure that the poor and
vulnerable people such as infants access safe, sufficient, and nutritious food.
SDG 3: Good Health and Wellbeing
The indicators are maternal mortality ratio, under-five and neonatal mortality rate,
tuberculosis and malaria incidences per 1, 000 population. Currently, there is a 3% decline in the
global maternal mortality while the under-five mortality rate 44% (Hajer, et al., 2015). The target

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is reducing the global mortality ratio below 70 per 1, 000 and prevent under-five mortality below
25 per 1,000 live births and neonatal mortality below 12 per 1000 live births.
SDG 4: Quality Education
The indicators include the rates of primary and secondary completion for girls and boys,
Early Child Development Index (ECDI), and tertiary enrollment rates for men and women. Since
2008, the rate of primary school age children not going to school is at 9% (Costanza, Fioramonti
& Kubiszewski, 2016). In developing regions, the enrollment for quality education has reached
91%. By 2030, the UN aims to lower the rates of school leaving below 10% as well as make sure
that approximately 40% of 30-34-year-old individuals complete higher education.
SDG 5: Gender Equality
The target indicators include the number of women and girls aged 15-49 that have
undergone FGM, percentage of women aged 20-24 that were married before age 15-18 years,
whether or not there exist legal frameworks to enforce, monitor, and promote non-
discrimination, and equality on the basis of sex. Current statics show that approximately 21% of
women aged 20-24 years were married before they had attained the age 18 (Fukuda, 2016). One
of three girls has undergone genital mutilation. The target statistic is to eliminate disparity in all
education levels, physical and sexual violence, and wage discrimination, among others.
SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
The indicators include promoting the population by safely managing drinking water
services, the proportion of safely treated wastewater, the number of people using safely managed
sanitation services, and the change of water-use efficiency. 29% lack safely managed drinking