Sustainable Public Health and Family Health in Cambodia

This report focuses on sustainable public health and its impact on family health in Cambodia. It critically analyzes the SDG goal of good health and well-being and its relevance to the country. The report discusses challenges, barriers, strategies, and solutions for improving health care in Cambodia. It also identifies short and long-term strategies to achieve the SDG goal. Recommendations for promoting health within the country are provided.

Sustainable Public
Health

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Background of Cambodia...........................................................................................................1
Topic which is pertaining to family health ................................................................................1
Critically analysing the SDG using relevant research.................................................................2
Why choosing Good health and well-being is important to family health.................................4
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

INTRODUCTION
Sustainable public health as well as care system is attain only by delivering high quality
of care as well as improved health care without affecting natural resources as well as causing
severe ecological damage. Thus, the chosen country and target for this report is Cambodia
which is located in Southern portion of Indochina peninsula in Southern Asia. Also, the chosen
SDG goal for this report is Goal 3 i.e. Good health and well-being under 17 goals of SDG.
Further, report will describe the topic which is pertaining to family health and it also includes
the relevant sustainable development goals. Further, it also critically analyze that topic using
literature review as well as relevant to the host country along with its importance. Moreover,
study will describe challenges, barriers, strategies as well as solution for the chosen topic. Then
report will identify the short and long term strategies as well as solution in order to attain SDG
of Cambodia. Lastly, study recommend and action for the immediate future in order to promote
health within a country.
Background of Cambodia
Cambodia is the the country which is located in Southern Asia. The quality of Health in
this country is rising with a economy and government also tries to provide continuous
improvement in the health profile. But the people live within a country also face some major
disease such that infectious disease, Tuberculosis, HIV and Malaria. Further, the country is also
suffering from the psychologically and in the same time, the people also cope up with the
challenges such that poverty, unemployment and different issue related to politics as well as
climatic changes. Not only this, the health care system is still ill- prepared in order to deal with
the mental health problem.
In addition to this, it is also analyzed that majority of the people also face issue with
regards to some chronic disease, such that diabetes, hypertension, injury that also lead to create
wrong impact upon the mental illness.
Topic which is pertaining to family health
In September 2015, the General Assembly had adopted 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
development which actually includes 17 Sustainable Development Goals, Therefore, as the
chosen country for this is Cambodia which is a poor country in the terms of health because
health indicators in Ratanakiri are the worst in same country. In the same way, the chosen goal is
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goal 3 i.e. Good Health and Well-being whose main target is to reduce the global maternal
mortality ratio. Further, another target of this goal is to end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis,
malaria and neglect tropical disease by 2030 so that the world will be free from disease (Akachi
and et.al., 2016). Along with this, another target goal is to reduce by one- third premature
mortality from non- communicable disease by preventing and promoting good mental health and
well-being within a firm. This will also lead to provide best well-being to the public because if
families do not have good health then they did not support country to reach further level of
success.
The facts and figures also state that at least 400 million people have no basic healthcare
and in the same time, 40% of them lack social protection. In addition to this, it is also analyzed
that, more than 1 billion people also live in fragile setting where they do not get basic health
services and that is why, this goal is stand in 3rd position under 17 SDG goals. Apart from this,
statistics also shows that by the end of 2017, around 21 million people who are suffering from
HIV were receiving antiretrovial therapy, but among them 15 million are still waiting for better
treatment too. Thus, there is a need to go through all the target which were already designed
under this goal and take action on the basis of that. This goal not only focus upon the health but
also state that around 6.9 million people also die every year from the exposure of fine particles
due to inhaling pollutant air (SDG goal 3, 2019). Thus, it is reflected that world is suffering from
the poor health and b complying with the goals describe in SDG will assist to get free from this
issue and provide better health care to all people.
Beside this, the quality of health in Cambodia is also rising along with the growing
economy and government of this country also focus upon the providing high quality of public
care system by getting assistance from international countries. That is why, from 1980 onward,
there is a steady improvement in the total health care system of public who are living in this
because of complying with goals 3 under Sustainable development goal.
Critically analysing the SDG using relevant research
According to Williams and Hunt (2017). ensuring the good health and promoting well-
being in the world will be consider one of the best strategy that leads world towards success.
That is what, the goal no. 3 suggest under list of SDG. The goals are establish in 2015 and its
progress is seen in 2019 onward, such that the major progress has been made in improving the
health of million of people and also increasing life expectancy, reducing maternal and child
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mortality rate. But on contrary, Howden-Chapman and et.al., (2017) argued that, in Cambodia
there were more than 52 thousands people were suffering from TB in 2017 and results shows
that there were around 13 thousands people die from TB. On the other side, there were
approximately 23000 cases are registered in 2017 where people were suffering from Malaria.
Data also shows that there is a slightly increase in the case of malaria people as compared to last
five years from 2013 to 2017. Thus, it is clearly reflected that it is a major threat of people of
Cambodia and they did not get good well-being as well.
In the opinion of Seidman (2017) there is a strong a steady domestic commitment and
funding which has fueled an acceleration of HIV. Such that by the development of this goal,
the incidence of HIV in Sub- Saharan Africa was decline by 37 percent. Hence, the rate of
global HIV incidence among people whose age is in between 15 to 49 is decline from 0.44 to
0.40 from 2010 to 2017. thus, it shows that they will easily meet the target which are set by SDG
by 2020 and 2030. On the other side, it is also argued by Vij and Singh (2020) there were 73
thousand people were suffering from HIV in Cambodia in 2018 and among them 800 were
newly infected . Thus, this figure shows that there is a rise in the health issue and government
tries to provide some cure for this disease because the rate of HIV infected people are increases
year by year in Cambodia. Such that 81% of the total people are also receive an anti-retrovial
therapy and there have been a huge advance in reducing mother to child transmission. So, to
support the same, data of UNAIDS further estimated that in 2013, only 33 percent of pregnant
women get anitretrovial medicine to fight against HIV disease, but by 2018 onward, it was
jumped up to 85% by 2018 (Priority health concern of Cambodia, 2019).
However, it is also critically evaluated by Franco and Newey (2020) that there are so
many health concern in Cambodia which includes malnutrition, in which every third child of
Cambodia suffer from stunted growth due to malnutrition and this in turn leads to death i.e. 6000
children every year. Further, people also suffer from Diarrhea disease as well as dengue fever,
i.e. in 2016, there were 12843 cases were registered and though this is also fell dramatically in
2017 up to 6372. Hence it s also suggested by Akachi and et.al., (2016) that the goal 3 main aim
is to achieve universal health coverage which includes the access to essential medicines and
vaccines. So it is necessary to provide best treatment and vaccines to the people so that they will
live better life.
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Why choosing Good health and well-being is important to family health
Poor health is the major challenge for the public and this in turn leads to death, that is
why, SDG include this goal and related to family health. Further, this goal is important because
Seidman (2017) stated that not only disease create direct impact upon the well- being of an
individual but it also burden family as well as public resources as well. So, the health and well –
being of people who belong to all ages are therefore, lies at the heart of sustainable development.
So there is a need to protect people from disease which is fundamental goal for survival but in
the same time it also enable the opportunity for everyone and also strengthen the economic
growth as well as prosperity. Therefore, focusing on this issue will assist to provide better health
to people and this is also link with the quality of an environment.
Further, the aim of goal 3 is to reduce number of deaths and illness which is caused by
harmful environment and this in turn affect the overall health of people of Cambodia.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Akachi, Y. and et.al., 2016. Measuring quality-of-care in the context of sustainable development
goal 3: a call for papers. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 94(3). p.160.
Franco, I. B. and Newey, L., 2020. SDG 12 Responsible Consumption and Production.
In Actioning the Global Goals for Local Impact (pp. 187-217). Springer, Singapore.
Howden-Chapman, P. and et.al., 2017. SDG 3 Ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for
all at all ages. A guide to SDG interactions: from science to implementation. Int Counc
Sci, Paris, pp.81-124.
Seidman, G., 2017. Does SDG 3 have an adequate theory of change for improving health
systems performance?. Journal of global health.7(1).
Vij, D. and Singh, H., 2020. Sustainable Development Goal 3 Strategies to Take a Leap.
In Technological Innovations for Sustainability and Business Growth (pp. 231-252). IGI
Global.
Williams, C. and Hunt, P., 2017. Neglecting human rights: accountability, data and Sustainable
Development Goal 3. The International Journal of Human Rights.21(8). pp.1114-1143.
Online
SDG goal 3. 2019. [Online]. Available through: <https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg3>.
Priority health concern of Cambodia. 2019. [Online]. Available through:
<https://opendevelopmentcambodia.net/topics/priority-health-concerns/>.
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