Sustainable System

Running head: SUSTAINABLE SYSTEM
Sustainable System
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Question 1
Removing stand of plants or trees or removing forest from land for converting it into a
land for using non-forest purpose such as urban use, ranches or farms is known as Deforestation.
One- third landmass of Earth is enveloped with lush green forest that provide a domain of
environmental, economic and social benefits. More than quarter of all the known plant species
and terrestrial animal, sustainable supply for fresh water, regulation of climate and helping in
reducing erosion of soil is harbored by the forests. Even after that, natural vegetation and forests
are cleared continuously at a lurching rate. Australia happens to be one of the home for some
most magnificent and unique nature in world. Yet it happens to be one of world’s worst evolved
countries for broad scale deforestation wiping endangered woodlands and forests and killing
native animals. The most important impact deforestation is having on Australia’s climate is
declining fertility of soil and soil fertility biodiversity. There are almost forty percent of forest in
Australia and the remaining are fragmented. Most of forest in Australia is present in coastal
regions and much portion of the rest continent in covered by dry land and desert (Simmons et al.
2018) The patterns of precipitation and local temperature gets affected broadly by the forest
clearing. It reduces rainfall and increases temperatures. The natural cycle of water gets disrupted
by the cutting down the trees due to which the soil moisture is maintained by the tree and water
vapor comes back in the atmosphere. Protecting the forests not only conserve the biodiversity but
also defends the forest community and their rights. Some measures that can be implemented to
tackle deforestation in Australia are discussed below:
 Consumer Power: One of the biggest environmental crime taking place in the
present time is converting the irreplaceable forests to consumer products such as
paper, books, toothpaste, food ingredients, and tissues. However, inside the battle

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of protecting forests, the consumers have power by being careful of the products
they are choosing to consume.
 Corporate Action: If the corporations have the power to destroy forests then
they also tend to have the power of saving them. The environmental abuses are to
be confronted and exposed for bringing a change in the environment. Many
companies that are multinational have changed practices but still there is a long
way to go.
 Putting ‘No Deforestation’ into practice: A large store of carbon id hold by the
tropical forests. They are fully packed with biodiversity that is crucial for local
communities and millions of people. Companies convert the tropical forests into
plantations or agriculture for commodities such as paper or palm oil have been
under pressure from customers to prove the supply chain and operations are
causing deforestation or not.
Australia has been home to many animals and plants where some are introduced since the
European settlement. Few of those animals have become exotic or invasive species. They
multiplied and spread to a limit where those species are damaging the environment, threatening
the existence of plants animals and plants which are native or create problem with the
agriculture. The invasive animals are also known as feral animas at times and there are invasive
weed or plants present in Australia as well. These species have been found to cause immense
damage in native animals and plants, and loss in annual production of the county. Some Feral or
invasive animals like goats, rabbits, pigs, and buffaloes degrade the natural habitat of Australia
by selective grazing. The animals with hoofs that are hard compacts the soil that makes the
native vegetation difficult to grow and contributes in soil erosion. They have been also observed

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competing with the other native animals for habitat and food (Kopf et al. 2017.) They tend to
affect and interrupt the climate of Australia in these ways. Some measures that can be
implemented to tackle invasion of these exotic and invasive species are discussed below:
 Conventional control methods: The methods for conventionally controlling the
invasive animals are trapping, fencing shooting and positioning. Some community
measures for their welfare have also been taken that has been accepted generally
under the program of pest control. For excluding these species, fences have been
utilized for protecting the species that are becoming endangered. The small areas
that have high conversion use electric fences to protect the value of those places
from invasive animals.
 Biological control methods: The methods of controlling the invasive animals
biologically includes controlling pests by using the praises, bacteria carrying
diseases and natural predators. Examples of biological controlling methods are
calcivirus disease caused to feral rabbit and myxomatosis. Using of Cactoblastis
for controlling prickly pear is also an example. The biological methods become
most effective when used with conventional and combinational methods like
digging up the warren like in case of feral rabbits. Strict controls and tests are also
taken to ensure the future of these species.
Question 2
The legal provisions of EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment in Australia) to administrate
the act of capacity as foundation practice for any country and demonstrates the commitment of
that country to potentially protect the development impacts on projects. The regulations, laws
and policies of the legal framework of a country for the system of EIA requires to be organized