Sustainable Systems - ISO Assignment

Sustainable
Systems

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
Life Cycle Assessment ....................................................................................................................1
a) Executive summary ..........................................................................................................1
a). Introduction.......................................................................................................................1
Recommended procedure by the ISO to conduct..............................................................2
c). Estimated weight of each component of each alternatives ...............................................3
d). Well defined functional unit..............................................................................................4
e) Balanced material flow diagram.........................................................................................4
f). Impact analysis for each alternatives.................................................................................5
g). Hot spot for each alternative ............................................................................................5
h). Remedial measure for the identified hot spot...................................................................6
I). Select the best alternatives after the most feasible improvement of each alternative........6
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................................7
ENERGY CONSUMING APPLIANCES ......................................................................................8
a) Executive Summary...........................................................................................................8
b) Problem definition and context as an introduction............................................................8
c. Relevant information regarding product ............................................................................9
d). Finding out the sources of energy ..................................................................................10
e). Simply energy in South Australia promote energy efficiency........................................11
f. Identifying the opportunities to decrease energy consumption.........................................11
g. Performing cost benefit analysis .....................................................................................12
h. Conclusion........................................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
As per the current growing generation and energy use and environmental pollution are on
the increase. This is the reason that natural and raw material are becoming scare and effects of
climatic change are warning us that is reduced output of greenhouse gases. Present study will be
based on Energy Consuming appliances which consumes high energy in home or everywhere.
Present energy consuming appliance is heating and cooling. Air conditioners are now played two
roles in summers as well as winters. Present study will be explains relevant information
regarding the Heating and Cooling that take high rate of energy and very expensive as well.
Nowadays, due to high consuming appliances they occurred high investment costs, dependent on
appliances and loss of fish species, cost for construction.
Life Cycle Assessment
a) Executive summary
In this report, life cycle assessment has been covered by introducing the product in
different manner. The main purpose of this assessment is to maintained the sustainability level
among the environment by offering healthy and environment friendly product or services.
Present report taken beauty cosmetic services which is again most essential ones for women.
Nowadays, women are found of beauty products and frequently using by different brands. It is
necessary for brands to hold out effective sustainability and using organic material. For that,
report has been taken two brands of cosmetics Be same and RJ Mineral Cosmetics, both is
situated ion SA and providing organic cosmetic products or services. The whole report will
explain the LCA and also offered procedure recommended by ISO. Further, they also covered
the alternative material they might be used for mack up. Overall, the main purpose of this report
is to define the issue of chemical used cosmetic products which is very harmful for people as
well as for environment.
a). Introduction
As per this taken issue that, cosmetic brands needs to look into the safety precautions for
customers. Several natural ingredients can be more effective when used properly. Dermatologist
are always recommended to use natural organic materials (Keller and et.al., 2014).
International standards' organisation is the kind of technique for assessing the
environment aspects and potential impacts associated with products. There are some functions
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includes ISO which is necessary for the company to adopt. Besides ISO also suggested
evaluating potential environmental impacts associated with those inputs and outputs (Life cycle
assessment. 2018).
Recommended procedure by the ISO to conduct
Goal and Scope
This is the first stage to discover the effective leading goals. In which elements provides
such as scope, purpose and main hypothesis considered are the key of the study. This also
includes the better decision making approach to make organic product (Secchi and et.al., 2016).
Overall process of ISO helps to develop the effective product development, marketing and
strategic planning goals.
Inventory Analysis
In this next procedure relate to the technical process of collecting data in order to
quantify the inputs and outputs of the system as per the decided scope or goals. In this inventory
analysis process company needs to focused on raw material, consumed, emissions to air, water,
produced by systems are helpful to calculate for the entire life cycle of the product or services.
Impact assessment
Life cycle impact assessment is progress to identify and characteristics the potential
effects produced in the environment by the system under the study (von der Assen and Bardow,
2014). The main purpose of this step id to identified the potential effects that produced under the
study. Company needs to briefly considered the following categories includes:
 Climate change
 Acidification
Photochemical smog
 Human toxicity
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c). Estimated weight of each component of each alternatives
Components Alternative A: Besame Alternative B: RJ Minerals
Cosmetics
Foundation This company used all their
products in hygienic manner.
Besame is based on the
organic products. It maintained
their quality high and prime.
RJ mineral provides amazing
foundation with best complex,
texture, coverage, longevity.
On the other hand they contain
high toxic and minerals are
used.
Eye Products Eyes products of Besame is all
based on organic material
which helps to get eyes
protective.
RJ mineral are also helps to
use the best effective eye
colours.
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Illustration 1: Life cycle assessment framework
(Source Life cycle assessment. 2018)

d). Well defined functional unit
Both the brands provide best and productive range of products. As compare to
sustainability level Besame cosmetics are more important and productive level of task. Overall, it
helps to define the best target or effective performing goals. Products of both alternatives are
long lasting and waterproof as well (von der Assen and Bardow, 2014). It helps customers to
take care of skin issues. Such as Eye Products of Besame cosmetics are more hygienic and
environment friendly product. There eye products consisting less harmful substance as well.
e) Balanced material flow diagram
Alternative A
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Alternative B
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Illustration 2: Determining of lead eye shadow blush by high resolution

f). Impact analysis for each alternatives
Alternative A: Besame using hygienic or organic material to make eye shadows. It helps to give
positive impact on human skin or give stressful impact on the overall system level.
Alternative B: Comparatively RJ mineral are less effective than Besame, they used high
chemical while preparing eye colours or foundation which might be not that much effective for
the human skin. It gives negative impact on the environmental growth.
g). Hot spot for each alternative
Each alternative has their own style to manufacture product or services. On the basis of
observation from life cycle analysis (von der Assen and Bardow, 2014). It has been concluded
that, RJ minerals are given negative impact on environment by using high harmful minerals. On
the other hand, Besame company can also need to concentrate on the development process to
keep maintained the proper protection level.
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Illustration 3: Determine eye shadow and blush

h). Remedial measure for the identified hot spot
Alternatives A: for Besame they need to improve its resistance level of quality. Besides,
they also need to focused on herbal products.
Alternative B: RJ material can use plastic base eye colours which is more durable as
compare to others. Besides, company also needs to reduce their high chemical substances or
product or services.
I). Select the best alternatives after the most feasible improvement of each alternative
On the basis of above section it has been concluded that, life cycle assessment is very
much required to understand what to produce or how to produce a particular services. It helps to
identify harmful substances and helps to enhance environment friendly business activities. On
the basis of two alternatives alternative A that is Besame company is more efficient than RJ
minerals (von der Assen and Bardow, 2014). Besides, Alternative A is providing far better
quality than Alternative B. Overall study has been concluded, that cosmetic product must be
organic or environment friendly.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Keller, A. A. and et.al., 2014. Release of engineered nanomaterials from personal care products
throughout their life cycle. Journal of nanoparticle research, 16(7), p.2489.
Secchi, M. and et.al.,, 2016. Assessing eco-innovations in green chemistry: Life Cycle
Assessment (LCA) of a cosmetic product with a bio-based ingredient. Journal of cleaner
production, 129, pp.269-281.
von der Assen, N. and Bardow, A., 2014. Life cycle assessment of polyols for polyurethane
production using CO 2 as feedstock: insights from an industrial case study. Green
Chemistry. 16(6). pp.3272-3280.
Online
Life cycle assessment. 2018. [Online]. Available
through :<http://grimstad.uia.no/puls/climatechange/nns05/13nns05a.htm>.
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ENERGY CONSUMING APPLIANCES
a) Executive Summary
South Australia is the mix electricity supply source which continues to evolve, with
2015-16 marking the end of coal powered generation in south Australia. South Australia is
highly rich in energy resources (Armstrong and et.al., 2015). Present study will be looked into
the energy consumption appliances. It contains very significant reserves of fossil fuels such as
natural gas, coal and oil. Although there are incentives to phase these out in favour of clean
energy. Present report has been based on the product Heating & Cooling. On the other hand, it
becomes an issue for an environment to decreasing all natural resources. Present study described
the energy consumption level, cost alternatives, usage of the devise. On the other hand, they also
explained the impact of the devise on environment specially considering carbon emissions
(Chang, Chung and Manthiram, 2017). Besides, present study based on the Simply Energy
company who focused on the sustainable environment and provide green house services to
protect the environment friendly services. Overall, furthermore study focused on the
opportunities to decrease energy consumption including but not limited to replacement of
devices, timer switches, manual switching, programmed switches, off peak power usage,
alternative fuel etc. furthermore they presented the cost benefit analysis by given three
improvement items. That helps to promote energy consumptions which helps to reduce negative
impact of polluted energy (Fuhrer and Gregory, eds., 2014). The main purpose of this study is to
increasing the importance of energy consumption and how to reduce negative energy appliances
as well.
b) Problem definition and context as an introduction
Efficient appliances of energy consumption helps to save energy, reduce energy bills and
rates (Vezzoli and et.al., 2015). Also, they avoid the needs to build new power plants as well. For
example, Air conditioner, refrigerators is responsible for wide range of a problem. It has been
also argued by some authors that by allowing customer to save money on the other hand efficient
appliances have caused Australians to abandon the simple life. By using effective energy
appliances, it might be given several benefits to the customers such as it saves cost on energy,
lesser consumption of energy will automatically translate to saving cost of the buyers. All the
appliances with an Energy Star helps them to save 30% on electricity costs. It also helps to
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reduce energy tax credits, benefits the environment, reduces carbon footprint, or also enhances
quality of life, improves the economy (Goonetilleke and et.al., 2014). Present file taken Cooling
and Heating appliance Air conditioner which is highly using at offices. Offices are generally
spread in wide range of area where number of AC are mostly required. To contribute positive
part into the sustainable environment. Simply Energy understands the needs of customers and for
that, they plan overwhelming product or services to their potential customers. The major issue of
using energy consuming appliances in Office would increase the cost of the Company or offices.
This might be given high bill costing to Offices. Instead of that, company planning to replace
those products to green ones (Jones, Michelfelder and Nair, 2017). That helps them to reduce
unwanted bill costing.
c. Relevant information regarding product
Air conditioner is used in homes, offices or everywhere to make climate cool or hot as
per the requirement. The energy using by Air conditioner is based on the climatic conditions or
depend on the region as well. Central air conditioner will run 3 to 7 months of the year. Besides,
an average ac will use 3000 to 5000 watts of power every hour for around 9 hours a day during
the hotter months (Kashyap, Xiang and Heiden, 2015). In offices Ac consumes minimum 6 hours
energy in a day. According to them, or a culture of a office. Overall, it has been cleared that, Air
conditioner is among the most energy taken appliance. In order to reduce cost or energy
consumption company needs to plan to replace that item or product with new one who takes less
energy comparatively AC conditioner. With the help of reducing low energy consuming
appliances to make better environment sustainable environment.
Energy consumption rate : the average rate of air conditioner costs around $0.35 per
hour to run cooling purposes depending on the size of the room of 36sqm would cost $0.36-
$0.70 per hour to run (Liedtke and et.al., 2015).
Alternatives : there are so many other alternatives that helps to less consuming electric
energy in offices. Such as the Adiabatic cooler, they use little power from (45 to 90 W) is also
costly. Overall, it also helps to make the better services or growth level of performance. Besides,
it also helps to control the better forming results and helps in environment sustainability.
Adiabatic cooler just need a full off ice cubes which need to be filled at a time and then simply
plug the unit.
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Efficiency : all kinds of air conditioners rates by the number of South Australia of heat
they can remove per hour (Lund and et.al., 2014). Each air conditioner has an energy efficiency
rating that lists how many BTUs per hour are removed or pulled out for each watt of power.
Energy efficient ratio depends upon that how efficiency of room will operate at a specific
outdoor temperature.
Usage hr/d, days per week: in an office air conditioner using minimum 6 to 7 hours in a day.
Due to heat generated by machines or computers. Offices required high amount of cooling areas
(Vezzoli and et.al., 2015).
Cost of the device : White plastic central electric Air conditioner would be cost 27000. Besides,
Voltas tower air conditioner AC would be of cost 62,000
d). Finding out the sources of energy
Sources of energy and its cost and environmental impact
Gas : Natural gas is the most valuable source of energy resources which helps to give better
positive environment. Natural gas cleans the environment and less cost effective source of
energy source (Energy. 2018).
Solar : Solar energy source is one of the most abundant source of energy on earth. Besides, this
is the natural source which comes from sun to the surface of earth. On the other hand, it also very
harmful to the skin due to low efficient ozone layer (Maheshwari and et.al., 2016). Sun gives
tremendous resources for generating effective sun rays or electricity without toxic pollution or
global warming emissions.
It starts using land and habitat loss, water use and the use of hazardous materials in
manufacturing (Vezzoli and et.al., 2015).
Electricity : Electricity is never founded from the ground like coal, that is the reason electricity
is a secondary source of energy which is derived from primary sources. Electricity is the versatile
or wider range of complex applications. It involves high investment cost to generate new nuclear
power plants. Electricity is the second largest costly source after coal that affect country
economy condition (Energy. 2018). Electricity affect environment in different manner,
environmental effects associated with solar power can include land use and habitat loss, water
use and the use of hazardous materials.
Coal : of all the fossil fuels sources comparatively coal is less expensive for its energy content.
On the other hand, there are many damaging has been occurred due to coal fired such as air get
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polluted from coal burning which includes sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, or particular matter
which is not good for the environment (Najiha, Rahman and Yusoff, 2016). Air pollution from
coal mines is mainly due emissions of particular matter and gases including methane which is
gain harmful for environment.
Emission factor of South Australia
Green house Emissions Reduction Act 2007 helps to assist renewable energy and
emission reduction targets (Climate Change, 2018). SA taken some initiatives like climatic
change and greenhouse emissions reduction Act 2007, tackling climate change south Australia
greenhouse strategy 2007-2020 this act helps to given change in national policy, many of the
actions currently in the strategy are undergoing review (Pessoa and Maurya, 2017).
e). Simply energy in South Australia promote energy efficiency.
Simply Energy is one of the prominent company in South Australia which promote
energy efficiency tools and appliances that helps to reduce electricity and protect environment
sustainability growth. It appreciates that time is precious and it needs to be saved. Simply Energy
just offers simple and affordable range of appliances which is uses for offices, homes. Simply
Energy helps to promote energy efficiency by help automate home, reduce carbon footprint and
save money on energy bill generation (Maheshwari and et.al., 2016).
There are some other companies as well which increases the role of promoting energy
efficiency such as Australian energy regulator, Clean Energy Council, Australian renewable
energy agency, Australian solar council etc.
f. Identifying the opportunities to decrease energy consumption
There are many opportunities and goals that affect the different learning skills and better
advancing growth. Overall, to adopt practices reducing less energy consumption. Offices, homes
can adopt all following activities to reduce energy consumption.
Use a power strip to reduce plug load: it helps to paying high vampire power cost instead if
these offices can use power strip to turn all the devices off at once (Lund and et.al., 2014).
Eliminate vampire power : Devices like computers, air conditioner, printers, scanners for all
those appliances uses standby power, even when off some charges continue to pull samll
amounts of energy.
Switch incandescent flashbulbs to Led bulbs: this can be the another reason to adopt
affordable and easy local hardware store.
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g. Performing cost benefit analysis
Cost benefit analysis : Cost benefit analysis is a type of systematic approach to estimating the
strength and weaknesses of alternatives (Liedtke and et.al., 2015). This is the best option to
chose option which is cost effective while preserving savings. This is the useful method that
helps to compare potential courses of actions.
Pay back Period = Cost of the investment
Annual new cash flow
By applying all strategies or action plan to reduce energy consumption company getting
favourable results and getting low electricity bill investment cost.
h. Conclusion
In order to handling better less consuming energy consuming task, it requires adopting
the best possible action plan to recover the effective planning tools (Najiha, Rahman and Yusoff,
2016). Simply Energy company can adopt any of technique to provide best low consuming
energy using appliances. This might be completed this into more efficient manner. All
organisations can apply energy consuming styles to make effective or efficient in cost and
environmental benefit manner (Vezzoli and et.al., 2015). Low energy consuming give positive
impact on environment or more helpful in energy consuming targets.
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CONCLUSION
On the basis of above section in the report has been concluded the importance of energy
consumption sources. Report discussed about the appliances who consumed high energy power.
In order to reduce the negative impact of energy emission report presenting different
opportunities to reduce energy consumption level. Overall, throughout the study report helps to
explain the importance of sustainable systems and how it should be kept properly and
effectively. Study explained the different source of energy and their environmental factor on the
economy. Due to heavy impact of global warming, water scarcity, natural resources. There is
highly required to adopt better strategies to make better environment friendly steps to reduce the
negative impact.
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REFERENCES
Books & Journals
Armstrong, C. M. and et.al., 2015. Sustainable product-service systems for clothing: exploring
consumer perceptions of consumption alternatives in Finland. Journal of Cleaner
production. 97. pp.30-39.
Chang, C. H., Chung, S. H. and Manthiram, A., 2017. Dendrite‐Free Lithium Anode via a
Homogenous Li‐Ion Distribution Enabled by a Kimwipe Paper. Advanced Sustainable
Systems. 1(1-2). p.1600034.
Fuhrer, J. and Gregory, P. J. eds., 2014. Climate change impact and adaptation in agricultural
systems: soil ecosystem management in sustainable agriculture (Vol. 5). CABI.
Goonetilleke, A. and et.al., 2014. Sustainable urban water environment: Climate, pollution and
adaptation. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Jones, S. A., Michelfelder, D. and Nair, I., 2017. Engineering managers and sustainable systems:
the need for and challenges of using an ethical framework for transformative
leadership. Journal of Cleaner Production. 140. pp.205-212.
Kashyap, P. L., Xiang, X. and Heiden, P., 2015. Chitosan nanoparticle based delivery systems
for sustainable agriculture. International journal of biological macromolecules. 77. pp.36-
51.
Liedtke, C. and et.al., 2015. User-integrated innovation in Sustainable LivingLabs: an
experimental infrastructure for researching and developing sustainable product service
systems. Journal of Cleaner Production. 97. pp.106-116.
Lund, H. and et.al., 2014. 4th Generation District Heating (4GDH): Integrating smart thermal
grids into future sustainable energy systems. Energy. 68. pp.1-11.
Maheshwari, P. and et.al., 2016. Dynamic modeling of performance indices for planning of
sustainable transportation systems. Networks and Spatial Economics. 16(1). pp.371-393.
Najiha, M. S., Rahman, M. M. and Yusoff, A. R., 2016. Environmental impacts and hazards
associated with metal working fluids and recent advances in the sustainable systems: A
review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 60. pp.1008-1031.
Pessoa, J. C. and Maurya, M. R., 2017. Vanadium complexes supported on organic polymers as
sustainable systems for catalytic oxidations. Inorganica Chimica Acta. 455. pp.415-428.
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