Sustainable Tourism: Impact and Practices

This assignment delves into the multifaceted aspects of sustainable tourism. It examines the positive and negative impacts of tourism on economic growth, cultural preservation, and environmental sustainability. The discussion encompasses various sustainable practices employed in the tourism industry to mitigate adverse effects and promote responsible travel. The analysis draws upon academic literature and online resources to provide a comprehensive understanding of sustainable tourism principles and their practical applications.

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
DESTINATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................2
1.1 Stakeholders benefit from planning regarding sustainable tourism of Kenya.................2
1.2 Critical evaluation on public and private sector tourism planning partnership................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
2.1 Steps of tourism development planning process..............................................................6
2.2 Interactive planning and its significance..........................................................................7
2.3 Methods to measure impact on economic, social and environment.................................8
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
3.1 Concept of sustainability in tourism destination in Kenya...............................................9
3.2 Sustainability as an issue for solving out.........................................................................9
3.3 Stages of sustainable tourism development planning.....................................................10
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................11
4.1 Issues of conflict of interest and methods to resolve it..................................................11
4.2 Implications sustainable tourism development for balancing supply and demand........12
4.3 Moral and ethical issues of developing and promoting enclave tourism.......................13
TASK 5..........................................................................................................................................14
5.1 Comparison to current issues related to tourism developments.....................................14
5.2 Recommendations and future developments of tourism in both destination.................14
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCE.................................................................................................................................16

ILLUSTRATION INDEX
Illustration 1: Sustainable tourist.....................................................................................................3

INTRODUCTION
Sustainable tourism is considered as visiting place tourist and creating positive impact on
its economy, society and environment. It is linked with transportation and providing services of
travelling and accommodation. However, with the help of this report, significance of sustainable
tourism for maxi zing tourists' attraction with destination of Kenya. In this regard, advantages of
stakeholders from planning developments, critical evaluation on private and public planning
partnerships for destination can be analysed. However, development planning features and its
importance is being described for sustainable tourism. Including this, issues which have occurred
in tourism development and solutions to reduce them will be identified. Therefore, deep
understanding towards sustainable tourism destination in comparison to Hungary can be
identified with the help of this report.
Background
Kenya tourism destination is one of the well-known destination where 19 national parks
and other attractions are for tourism. However, its Rift Valley, Massai Amboseli Game reserves,
Lake Nakuru are famous destinations for which millions of people come for visiting. Including
this, it is wide spread and attractive destination like price, environment, social, security and so
on. However, demand for visiting for its destinations is getting increased till today able to sustain
attraction of different countries' people at maximum level. Thus, it is world famous and most
desired tourism destination attract tourists for their different purposes on large scale. Besides
this, it is one of the most attractive destination of Sri Lanka which encourages tourists for
coming frequently. In this regard, large number of visitors come for different purposes as
education, research, entertainment and others. Other than that there are several attraction
destinations in the Kenya. Topographically, Kenya is stunning. Surrounded by calderas and
mountain ranges, the Great Rift Valley divides the country. To the east of this sweeping valley,
visitors can climb the snow-cloaked equatorial peaks of Mount Kenya and fish for trout in crystal
clear streams. Hell's Gate National Park harbors obsidian caves and hisses with natural geysers
and hot springs. To experience the romance of Kenya's colourful colonial history captured in the
film Out of Africa, head to Nairobi. This bustling capital is the gateway to one of the world's
most evocative and exciting travel destinations such as Maasai Mara National Reserve, Amboseli
National Reserve, Tsavo National Park etc.
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TASK 1
1.1 Stakeholders benefit from planning regarding sustainable tourism of Kenya
Kenya tourism destinations provide tourism services to a million tourists of the world for
visiting. However, variety of customers including businessmen, school and college students,
groups of friends and family visit the place for education, research, entertainment and several
purposes. It influences social and economic development as well country's effectiveness . In
accordance to this, planning regarding sustainable tourism in Kenya and stakeholders' benefits
can be understood as follows:
 Environmental and sustainable benefits:
Kenya tourism destination aims to created positive environment and sustainability in destination
at maximum level for its stakeholders. In this regard, different approaches are determined and
benefited for tourism services including transport and accommodation effectively. Therefore,
demand for its services and destination can be enhanced on large scale in the future time as well.
 Fulfilling requirements of tourists:
Stakeholders come for different purposes can be achieved through visiting destinations of Kenya.
For which, their knowledge regarding tourism attractions can enhance efficiently affect
knowledge and sustainability of tourist destination in the world (Beaumont and Dredge, 2010).
Therefore, all of their purposes can be fulfilled regarding tourist destination for historical places
of Kenya effectively.
Stakeholders belonged to private and public companies come for visiting the destination
at most. Including this, good relations are maintained with them in terms of advertising its
services and demonstrating new creations in them. However, new schemes and specific benefits
for stakeholders are promoted to encourage them towards visiting the destination. In addition to
this, government also plays crucial role in maintaining relations with stakeholders effectively.
2

3
Illustration 1: Sustainable tourist
(Source: Sustainable tourist destination, 2016).

Different stakeholders
There are different stakeholders that are engaged in the tourism activities and operation
such as National governments, local governments, institutions engaged in financing tourism
projects, tourism employees, tourism professionals and tourism consultants, trade unions of
tourism employees, Tourism education and training centres, Local populations and host
communities at tourism destinations through their representatives etc. Most of the stakeholders
and their benefits are as follows:
Tourist/Audiences: this industry is depended on the tourist and the audiences it refers to
the people who are interested to come in the nations or the internal people who are involve in the
countries' development. If the tourist are not interested than the economic condition of the nation
will be affected. So to develop the Philippines they have to develop some destinations.
Local residence: for the benefit of the local residence the tourism development planning
should be in the context of them. Local directness are the important person for the tourism
development in the Philippines. They can earn the income for their livelihood from the tourism
locations.
Government: policies made by the government of Philippines will be reflected in the
tourism development planning in which countries development can be made and the economic
conditions can be better with their polices. Also, partnership in between private and public
sectors for development of the tourism can be helpful.
1.2 Critical evaluation on public and private sector tourism planning partnership
Planning is created for providing tourism services to public and private sector
organisations' together, then following advantages and drawbacks are determined as mentioned
below:
Advantages of public and private sector tourism planning:
For tourism planning for public and private sectors' stakeholders' together for Kenya
destination, following advantages are determined as:
 Contacts between private and public stakeholders increases and knowledge regarding
different businesses can be enhanced. In accordance to this, good relations and bonding
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are created between public and private sector stakeholders. However, knowledge o0f
different kinds of businesses and work get enhanced effectively.
 Cost effectiveness can be determined for tourism planning. As appropriate planning is
created for managing public and private sector stakeholders together impacted on cost
incurred on tourism. Besides this, appropriate planning can be created in terms of fewer
expenses and increasing revenue efficiently.
 Fewer risks will be occurred for tourism destination in terms of finance, environment,
security and so on (Cohen and Cohen, 2012). It is because of good bonding and
understanding created between public and private sector stakeholders. It is resulted to
effective decision making towards destination and gaining tourists' attraction at higher
level.
Therefore, it is effective for creating tourism planning for public and private sector
stakeholders' together affect economic position and tourism environment of Kenya.
Drawbacks of tourism planning for Kenya destination:
On critical evaluation, some disadvantages are also determined for providing services to
public and private sector stakeholders together as:
 Misunderstanding may create, therefore; possibility of conflicts and disputes is emerged
affect tourism planning for Kenya.
 It is difficult to manage both sectors' stakeholders for tourism destination and taking care
of all service takers for Kenya destination (Weaver, 2011).
 It is difficult to provide securities and safety to all stakeholders for tourism destination of
Kenya.
 Loss of government control: Due to the public and private partnership government will
face loss the control on some decision which are associated with funds and other risk.
 Political risk and labour issues: Sometimes: The government is not able to take certain
decision because of inexperience of public private partnership. The political risk in which
the interested parties may involved in the political pressure. Also, the trade union will
raise the issue with regarding the labour.
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 Insecure services: The private partnership will make insecure services in which the
labour disputes may arise and the tourism planning can be failed.
However, these issues are occurred in tourism planning for both public and private sector which
are required to be controlled. Therefore, it is essential to create planning for tourism destination
and providing destination to all stakeholders systematically. It is essential to consider all of these
factors and impacts of tourism plan together for public and private sector stakeholders.
TASK 2
2.1 Steps of tourism development planning process
Tourism development planning are different at various levels. These are as following:
International level
Changes in environment impact on the planning process of the government. There are
many higher authorities working those which continuously such as Kenya vision 2030 where
government of Kenya is working, the Environmental Management authorities, The National
Environment Management Authority (NEMA) etc. The main focus to enhance international level
tourism is on enhancing transportation services in the country. This can help in attracting more
travellers towards the Kenya. International agencies such Eco tourism agency of Kenya, Kenya
Association of Travel Agents (KATA) work in the partnership with public entities and they
continuously work for sustainable development of the country (Tarrant and et.al, 2014). Some
major marketing strategies and promotion in other countries is important for the tourism
development. Relation with the other countries has to be improved and the more focus to attract
the international tourist which can be benefit to the economic conditions.
National level
It is part of development planning process. In this level, many national bodies such as
Kenya Association of tour operator, Ministry of tourism etc. put hard efforts so that inbound
tourism can be increased in the country. They improve accommodation facilities which is the
part of planning process. National bodies perform their duties as a route in order to promote the
Kenya in the world. Infrastructure facilities and other services developed by national level
authorities so that customers take interest in this location . National trust also performs in this
manner and try to develop condition of villages, beaches so that travellers like to come here
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(Stylidis and Terzidou, 2014). Also, some marketing strategies and the promotions events for
economic considerations mat develop the tourism sector. The short development plan should be
implemented at the national level which can be projected on the other levels.
Regional level
In this planning process authorities involve local communities for the sustainable
development of the nation. Regional authorities continuously work for the development of
internal transportation facilities, enhance educational level of population so that development of
the country can take place (Tarrant and et.al, 2014). Education at the regional level is poor which
can be the failure of such planning at the regional level. Form the regional level the marketing
strategies and the focus on the best locations of the regional places.
2.2 Interactive planning and its significance
Interactive planning is the systematic process in which authorities work to improve the
future of the country by making necessary changes in the current situation. London Olympiad is
the success event which is the great example of interactive planning process. Many countries
have participated in this event and by this way nation has become able to attract new travellers.
If tourism business of the nation is increasing then it may create issues such as overcrowding,
environmental damage in the nation. Interactive planning is the process in which concern
authorities work in collaboration, cooperation and partnership in order to reduce negative effects
and increasing the revenues of the nation (Stylidis and Terzidou, 2014). By making interactive
planning government of Kenya can enhance tourism activities in the country. Significance of
interactive planning process are as following:
 With the help of interactive planning safety and security of the Kenya can be improved to
great extent.
 This system can support in resolving issues such as overcrowding, environmental damage
etc.
 With the help of proper planning government of the nation can utilize funds in effective
manner and can use this fund in the sustainable development of the country.
 This helps in maintaining transparency so that criminal activities can be minimized.
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2.3 Methods to measure impact on economic, social and environment
There are various methods that helps in measuring impact of tourism on economic, social
and environment condition. With the assistance of these methods authorities can identify real
impact of tourism in the sustainable development of Kenya (Stylidis and Terzidou, 2014).
Various methods are as following:
STEAM and Cambridge model to measure economic impact
Cambridge model is the calculative method in which authorities calculate the number of
visitors those who came to the Kenya and their spending. This help in identifying the economic
growth and increasing rate of foreign currency in the nation. With the help of this tool concern
bodies can make plan to enhance activities of tourism in the country so that country can gain
economic growth (STEAM model, 2016.). Cambridge model is helpful in identifying
effectiveness of the planning process. STEAM model is another method which is used to
measure economic impact of tourism in the nation. In this tool authorities collect relevant
information about tourists such as bad debt of tour operators, total visitor's spending in the
country, increment in employment opportunities etc. This helps in identifying whether planning
is effective or not.
EIM method to measure environmental impact
Overcrowding, environmental damage are major drawbacks of increasing tourism
activities in the country (The Standard in Economic Impact Measurement, 2017). EIA
(environment impact assessment) looks upon the elements such as limitation of natural
resources, issues create in the city after increasing tourism activities, impact on soil and water
etc. After examining all these factors development team of Kenya can make changes in the
current operations so that such issues can be minimized and it can give positive results
(Ridderstaat and et.al, 2014).
Pro poor tourism (PPT) method to measure social impact
It is another quantitative method which pay attention on development of poor
communities. In this method authorities collect previous information of income of poor people,
their social development and compare it with the current status. This helps in measuring the
reach development. This helps in identifying whether the planning was effective or not (Stanford
and Guiver, 2015).
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TASK 3
3.1 Concept of sustainability in tourism destination in Kenya
For tourism destination in Kenya, it is needed to develop and increasing attraction of
tourists towards destination. It is analysed that sustainability in tourism sector affect economic,
employment and other sectors of the country positively. Including this, different ideas are
generated for optimum utilization of resources and cost for tourism and reducing wastages of
resources as well. Justification and importance of tourism destination in Kenya can be
understood as:
 It impacts on creating balance of demand and supply for tourism destination as well
utilizing natural resources.
 It is beneficial for protecting cultural heritage and biodiversity affect country's
development and effectiveness effectively.
 It increases economic position of Kenya as well determines employment opportunities on
larger scale for tourism destination.
 It is helpful for minimizing wastages and creating effective balance between demand and
supply for tourism destination.
 It is beneficial for protecting natural resources and increasing efficiency of Kenya
effectively.
 It plays crucial role in spread of cultural awareness across the world as well increasing
interest of stakeholders from all over the world.
Therefore, sustainability in tourism destination influences country's effectiveness and
proper balance between demand and supply for destination. However, economic position of
country can be maximized as well public interest at maximum level. Thus, sustainability in
tourism sector is required affect growth of Kenya and its monetary position.
3.2 Sustainability as an issue for solving out
Different issues are occurred for sustainability in tourism for Kenya, some of them can be
described as:
Socio-economic challenges:
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Differences in social systems and income level of people impact on income from tourism
sector. However, demand for destination and profitability of Kenya affect country's economic
position. Therefore, socio-economic challenges impact on tourism destination also able difficult
to attract people belong to other countries of the world.
Relations with tourists:
Due to differences in attitude, interests, perception and lifestyles of people from different
countries affect income level for Kenya tourism destination. It is difficult to consider different
interests and demands from people regarding tourism affect country's monetary position and
sustainability of Kenya destination.
Balance between supply and demand:
Imbalanced demand and supply for Kenya tourism destination impact on its financial
position and country's effectiveness. However, changes in political, technological and legal
factors also impact on demand and supply for destination. It is required to create balance
between demand and supply affect profitability and country's effectiveness. Therefore, proper
growth can be determined in terms of economy, employment and other sectors' performance for
Kenya.
Changes in market price:
Due to changes in market price and government policy rules, price for destination get
fluctuated. However, increasing in rate decreases demand and decreasing rate increases demand
for Kenya destination. Thus, changes in market price and government's policy affect country's
effectiveness in respect of economy, employment and demand for destination.
3.3 Stages of sustainable tourism development planning
For selection of stakeholder, following stages are to be implemented for Kenya
destination mentioned below:
 Selection of stakeholder:
At first, selection of stakeholder is done for encouraging him towards Kenya destination
that who will involved in the planning process (Hanafiah and et.al., 2016). As business, local
community, international agencies or so. Therefore, effective planning is created for destination
and attracting stakeholders at maximum level.
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 Set objectives:
On behalf of analysing stakeholders, goals are set as improving destination, protecting natural
resources, cost effectiveness and so on.
 Resource analysis:
Afterwards, team members identify sources for Kenya destination's development in context to
finance, available resources, advertising methods, communicating with stakeholders etc.
 Plan formulation:
In this process, all plans are formulated including structure, team workers' work segmentation,
cost incurred in development plan and time consumed for different activities (Jha and Mishra,
2014).
 Implementation of plan:
In this stage, all plans are converted into implementation as set strategies for each target and
activity. Therefore, proper development of tourism destination plan be succeeding effectively.
 Monitoring/ performance evaluation:
In the end, efforts for development plans are analysed as well monitored. Including this,
difference between actual and expected performance is determined for effective development of
Kenya tourism destination and increasing attraction of stakeholders towards the plan as well
effective for systematic growth (Lebel, Lorek and Daniel, 2014).
TASK 4
4.1 Issues of conflict of interest and methods to resolve it
During tourism development in Kenya, different conflicts and issues raised such as
dissatisfied tourists, host-guest relationship, issue between local stakeholders, moral and ethical
issues and so on. It is essential to solve these issues through providing services according to
tourists' satisfaction and maintaining good relationship among them (Liao, So and Lam, 2015).
However, these issues can be solved out by applying following methods as mentioned below:
 Analysing tourists' requirements and providing services according to their needs. It will
be helpful for establishing and maintaining good relationship with them.
 Increasing good relationship with other countries therefore, demand for Kenya
destination can be enhanced at maximum level.
 Emerging interest of people towards other cultures and encouraging them for destination.
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 Adopting new technologies for tourism destination and improving quality for attracting
tourists towards destination and maintaining their interest with it.
 Public awareness with new creation in Kenya destination and all details related to it for
attracting tourists from different countries on large scale (Moscardo, 2014).
 Using social networking sites for marketing and encouraging customers for Kenya
destination at higher level.
 Increasing bonding with other countries of the world for effective goodwill and
improving efficiency.
 Creating balance between demand and supply for tourism destination which will be
impact on its income earning and profitability.
Therefore, issues occurred related to relations with tourists, stakeholders and other
countries can be solved by above-mentioned methods. However, if environment will be peaceful
and tourists would be satisfied at maximum level. In this regard, good relationship with tourists
can be maintained effectively affect economic position of country (Nara, Mao and Yen, 2014).
Thus, conflicts with stakeholder, tourists and other countries can be solved out affect tourism and
demand for destination.
4.2 Implications sustainable tourism development for balancing supply and demand
It is required to create balance of demand and supply for Kenya destination affect its
productivity and profitability. Both demand and supply are interdependent which is required to
be balanced and maintained. Similarly, as demand increases, supply gets increased and vice
versa. It is linked with price determination and people's attraction towards destination affects its
economic position. Therefore, increasing tourists' interest is needed for supplying services and
enhancing monetary position (Patterson, 2016). For this purpose, attracting people towards
destination is required in terms of marketing and advertising affect its production and
distribution system. For reducing issue of imbalanced demand and supply as well for sustainable
tourism destination for Kenya, below mentioned tips can be followed on:
 Creating balance between demand and supply will be benefited for developing
infrastructure facilities and protecting misuse of natural resources.
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 If demand for destination decreases, price increases for destination which create
imbalanced structure. Therefore, it is needed to create balance and increasing demand for
destination by setting adequate price regarding income level of tourists for different
countries.
 Demand and supply in tourism destination impact on economic and employment in
Kenya. If there is imbalanced between them, it is needed to reduce for increasing
monetary position and employment sector of the country effectively.
Thus, creating balance between demand and supply for destination will be effective for
increasing demand for destination affect monetary position of the nation. Hence, for sustainable
tourism destination, it is needed to create balance between demand and supply affect productivity
and profitability of the country (Pickel, 2015).
4.3 Moral and ethical issues of developing and promoting enclave tourism
Enclave tourism aims for foreign tourists' entertainment at most as providing destination .
Including this, it targets for establishing and maintaining good relationship with other countries
of the world. However, tourists enjoy the facilities at most under this destination affect income
earning and productivity for Kenya tourism. On critical evaluation, it is recognised that moral
and ethical issues are occurred in developing and promoting the destination as; differences in
culture, differences in people's attitude, living styles and so on. However, if there is focus on
enclave tourism destination at most then income will be dependent on foreign investment only. It
will then impact on economic position of Kenya negatively as well tourism destination gets
affected adversely. Including this, some issues for enclave tourism and methods for reducing
them can be understood as:
 Local public do not take much advantage of this destination in comparison to foreigners.
 In increasing this destination, income can increase only in this way as number of local
businesses get reduced. It affects economic and employment of the country which is
required to be controlled over. However, it can be reduced through government plans for
tourism destination (Ribeiro, Valle and Silva, 2013).
 It is needed to set adequate price for destination and increasing people's attraction
towards destination.
 Uncertain changes in climate and environment affect destination negatively.
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Therefore, it is required to set price for enclave tourism and considering all tourists'
income level (Sustainable tourism, 2016). It affects economy and employment of the country for
proper balance and increasing income from tourism sector at most.
TASK 5
5.1 Comparison to current issues related to tourism developments
It is observed that several issues are occurred in development of Kenya tourism such as;
finance, human resource and tourists' attraction related. However, changes in visitors' attitude
and interest towards destination affect its profit level adversely. Similarly, changes in market
prices and government policy affect financial position of the destination negatively. Likewise,
some differences are occurred between Kenya and Hungary as of current issues and gaining
tourists' attraction towards it. It is analysed that demand for visiting Kenya destination is higher
level than of Hungary it is because of appropriate balancing between demand and supply as well
gaining tourist' attraction at higher level.
Aspects Kenya Hungary
Economic impact In the Kenya economic
condition is not good because
of the lack of effective
investment. Further, there most
of the population are
uneducated which create the
barrier in developing the
country (Kang and et.al.,
2012). This is the major cause
for the tourism development.
Due to the low economic
development, there is not
proper facilities of education
and employment. But still the
tourism development is far
behind as they are
concentrating on component
the economy stable for the
individual.
Social and cultural impact Kenya is a developing country
so there are different kinds of
cultural people. It is famous for
its culture and food. In this
As it is the developing
countries, the people are
illiterate and even because of
this they do not talk English
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culture both kind of people
belongs such as rich as well as
poor. As this is hinder the
tourism because they are fond
of the culture.
which get the impediment for
the tourists. Along with this,
the food is not according to
the traveller as they generally
consumer sea food which are
not liked by the visitors (Mill,
2008). This is issue which is
faced by the people over there.
5.2 Recommendations and future developments of tourism in both destination
It is recommended that evaluating critically regarding destination and its position by
which further decisions are made to implement. However, variety of ideas are generated to
increase satisfaction level of tourists with destination and enhancing demand for it. In accordance
to this, future developments are related with maintaining good relations with them and improving
its services at maximum level. As per the entire discussion about the tourism development of the
Kenya. It has seen that there is very important requirement of maintain the sustainability of
development. In this concern, country have to optimal utilisation of natural resources. With
assistance of the country can enhance its beauty on the various destination. In addition to its
government of the nation should also develop such effective policies and practices through
which tourist can safely survive in the country. Government should concentrate on the health and
safety of local people as well as tourist.
CONCLUSION
It is concluded that sustainable tourism plays effective role in increasing economic
development and employment opportunities of UK. However, significance of stakeholder and
tourists' attraction is essential for destination and increasing efficiency. Including this,
advantages and disadvantages of public-private sector partnerships in tourism has been
understood. Moreover, planning process and features at different levels as local authority and
national levels for tourism destination is identified. Along with this, importance of sustainability
in tourism development has been recognized for Kenya and increasing economic position of the
country in this assignment. Similarly, different stages for sustainable tourism development are
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recognised for Kenyan tourism destinations. Apart from this, significance of creating demand
and supply for tourism destination is understood. Thus, importance of sustainable tourism
destination for Kenya is determined which affect nation's growth and relationship with other
countries of the world.
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