Sustainable Tourism Development: Planning, Stakeholders, and Impact Measurement

This research report focuses on sustainable tourism development and its significance in the Philippines tourism industry. It discusses the planning process, the role of stakeholders, and the methods to measure the impact of tourism on social, economic, and environmental aspects.

Sustainable Tourism
Development

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1.....................................................................................................................................................................3
1.1.......................................................................................................................................................................3
1.2.......................................................................................................................................................................4
TASK 2.....................................................................................................................................................................5
2.1.......................................................................................................................................................................5
2.2.......................................................................................................................................................................6
2.3.......................................................................................................................................................................7
TASK 3.....................................................................................................................................................................9
..................................................................................................................................................................................9
................................................................................................................................................................................10
3.3.....................................................................................................................................................................10
TASK 4...................................................................................................................................................................11
4.1 ....................................................................................................................................................................11
4.2.....................................................................................................................................................................12

4.3.....................................................................................................................................................................13
TASK 5...................................................................................................................................................................14
5.1.....................................................................................................................................................................14
5.2.....................................................................................................................................................................15
CONCLUSION .....................................................................................................................................................16
REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................................................17

INTRODUCTION
Sustainable tourism development is specific component for the development of economic
growth. The sustainable tourism development is largely dependent on the some factors like
economic, social, environmental to attract a large number of visitors. The tourism industry is
trying to put positive impact on economy, environment and on different communities also. In
modern era, it meets the need of present tourist and host region while protecting and enhancing
the future needs. The present research report is based on sustainable tourism development to
understand the significance of tourism industry, Philippines tourism industry is considered to
understand the significance of sustainable tourism development. Sustainable tourism requires
that all the participation of stakeholders should be wide (Palacios, 2010). It should also maintain
the high level of satisfaction of tourists by arising the awareness about the current issue which
are sustained. The current study will focus on the different approaches of tourism development
planning, current issues and there impact on tourism industry.
TASK 1
1.1
The planning is based on stakeholders and their efforts to make it successful in tourism
industry. Their is a huge responsibility of stakeholders to make a successful planing. The
president of Philippines, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, wants to increase their tourism nation by
creating both positive and negative impact on developing tourism development planning.
Sustainable tourism development needs a process of planning and management that brings
concerns and interest to diverse the group of stakeholders in sustainable. Stakeholders plays a
important role in the protection of nature and to increase the economy of country. It involves
various stakeholders which involves in the planning of sustainable. Here are some benefits,
which are describing the stakeholder benefits via developing the tourism in Philippines:
People – People plays a key role in developing the tourism industry. Developing the
tourism is good for the people, as it improve the living standard of people. It increase the job
opportunities for people in hotel, restaurants etc. These opportunities will help the people to
improve their living standards of Philippines people (Reihanian and et. al., 2012). It also
improves the living standard of local communities people by offering them a job opportunities.
4

Governments - They are the main stakeholders of Philippines tourism industry. Their
aim is to promote the tourism with in the country. The desire of government is to get the foreign
money for the development of the economy. The president of cited tourism has recognized the
need of improvement of tourism industry. As it will help the government to generate high
revenue and to increase the employment opportunities and income of the people.
Local Tourist – They are also a stakeholders in tourism industry of Philippine because
local people also want to enjoy the some place which are tropical and wants spend some time
with their families and friends. So cited tourism industry have to provide them more benefits as
compare with the outside tourists.
In addition to this, there are more stakeholders such as government, local community and
society. For example, government tend to raise its income with the help of tourism development
of Philippines. For example, developed tourist destination attract more visitors and accordingly
rate of return of particular destination will be increased which in turn revenue of government will
be enhanced. Apart from this, tourism of country make it possible to have developed
infrastructure for convenience of visitors. This proves to be effective for better life of local
communities of society. For example, tourism scope tend to enhance employment attract more
visitors as well as candidates to engage with the same. It would be effective to contribute
towards economic development of nation.
1.2
In Philippines tourism industry the role of public and private sector is important to
generate a high revenue from them. Private and public tourism helps the industry to make
effective planning for the development of cited tourism industry. The partnership of public and
private will be good for the country if the funds of governments are put in to the best use by the
people and in this manner it will improve the level standard of people and those visitors also who
are coming to visit in the country. The government of Philippines can generate the more funds
from the private sectors (Saufi, O'Brien and Wilkins, 2014).
The following are some advantages and disadvantages of private partnership in
Philippine tourism industry.
Advantages: Disadvantage:
 In private partnership there are limited
5

 It reduces the cost of taxes of visitors.
 It provide the better solution for
infrastructure so that visitors does not
faces any problem.
 The return on investment may be
higher than traditional, it will benefited
for Philippines industry to earn high
revenue.
 By increasing the efficiency of
government's investments then it
allows government to re-directed their
funds in other socio-economic areas.
 It is effective for market development
as private partnership is having large
scope to increase the market in
different areas to promote the tourism
industry.
number of stakeholders so that limited
funds are generated from them (Scott,
2011).
 It some times effect the quality
management of tourism industry.
Because private partnership mainly
focus on the costs and profits which are
generating from the services, which are
providing to visitors.
 The involvement of private sector
involves a huge investment and
Philippines tourism industry does not
have enough resources.
 The entire cost is paid off by the
organization because government might
not support them.
For example, if there will be no role of public or private partnership then Philippine
tourism industry does not spend so much finance to provide proper training and development
programme to members. So it is important that the role of private and public sector have huge
amount to help the large organisation.
TASK 2
2.1
In the world of travel and tourism industry, the government of Philippine tourism
industry is trying to put a lots of efforts to change their working style to develop the tourism
development planning (Spenceley, 2012). Tourism development planning is completely market
lead approaches which provides different services, facilities to attract a large number of visitors.
6

There are different approaches for tourism planning so that destination level can be recognized
according to values and support the planning and policy. These approaches are:
 Boosterism
 Physical/Spatial
 Community approach
 Sustainable tourism approach
There are different features of tourism development planning at different levels which are
described as below:
International Level – The tourism development planning have mission to promote
activities and policies that will improve the social well-being, economic of people around the
world and in developing destinations. The organisation of Philippine industry is measuring the
productivity and global glow of trade and investments to analyse and compare the data to
predicts the future needs. At this level, the increasing of international transportation service helps
tourist to plan their tourism activities (Stoddard, Pollard and Evans, 2012).
National level – At national level, the organisation inspires the private and public sector
to work with tourism industry to promote the benefits of tourism development. The goal of
governments is to develop tourism with the best interest of country in partnership with the
international and regional level also. Engaging the public, long term value, brand revaluation etc.
are some benefits that offers national level.
Regional level – The characteristics at regional level is more specific which are with
emphasis details that involves the sub regional level also (local communities). The governments
of Philippine are planning policies, infrastructure, legislation etc. for various tourism industries
which emphasis in location, marketing, media etc. to promote the specific destination and to
attract large number of visitors.
Sub Regional Level – In this Philippine tourism provide the various services to local
people. The tourism industry is trying to provide the services to local people. They also provide
the job opportunities to local people so that they can improve their life style and satisfy different
wants and requirements. This industry take help of local government to provide products and
services to local people.
The local level tourism package of Philippine can be (Best of Philippines Manila
Boracay Cebu (6 Nights & 7 Days). It covers varied destinations such as Baguio, aet and Isabela
7

and Pampanga. The total expenses for this package would be 58,900. It can be critically
evaluated that hotel expenses and personal insurances etc will not be included in the tour
package. Moreover, the rate of pack can be changed without prior. Hence,
2.2
The significance of interactive planning in tourism industry is important. As tourism
industry brings many problem to local community people, super infrastructure, social-culture
depreciation etc. But most of these problems can be attributed due to insufficient planning. On
the other side, there are some destination which have been benefited from tourism development
which does does require any previous planning (Waligo, Clarke and Hawkins, 2013). The
specific plan system in Philippine tourism industry does not emphasis on research. Interactive
planning system allows the top of development structure which work with local communities and
people to direct with the tourism for the better implementation of plans and policies. Interactive
planning process includes the importance of tourism planning with the market orientation and
provide the right product to visitors.
The government of cited tourism industry, have to use systematic planning in order to
attract the visitors and to develop the tourism places. The government have to make sure that all
the level of communities, organisations and tourists are involved to make the plan in order to
avoid the negative impact on country. The resources should be used in a precious manner to get
the good result for the future. It will help the government to make plan ahead for the future and
to improve the life style of people to make the position in the market. The expectation of tourism
industry of Philippine is increasing due to lack of instability and safety in host communities. If
there is poor education and poor sanitation generates then it will be unsustainable tourism in the
region.
2.3
To measure the tourist impact there are many different methods, the measurement is
necessary to avoid negative impacts on social-culture, economic and environmental. The aim of
Philippine tourism is to make effective planning process to evaluate whether the industry is
fulfilling the objectives through measuring the economic, social and environment impact
(Weaver, 2011). There are different methods to measure the tourism impact and help to protect
and improve the nature of society. These measures are:
8

Social measure – The impact of social culture on tourism and development plan are
difficult to measure because they are extremely personal and qualitative. Philippine tourism can
collect the information for social impact measurement in two ways i.e. through primary source
information and secondary source of information. In primary source information, the information
are collected through the survey, interviews, questionnaire etc (Strategic Plan. 2010). On the
other side, secondary source of information are collected through the records, documentaries,
newspapers etc. Tourism provides practical and statistics data that how tourism can be beneficial
for poor and local communities people. The cited tourism industry aims to promote better place
for local people and for visitors also.
Economic measure – The impact of economic measures have been concerned with the
tourism industry. The tourism economic potential can be understood with the help of gross
income of people who are living in small areas, the changes of income which are occur due to
the absence of tourism industry. The government of Philippine takes those measures which are
directly benefited of tourism which include the number of jobs increased, high rate of return on
revenues, employment earnings etc. There are two models which help the industry in estimating
the impact of tourism i.e. Cambridge model and Steam model.
Environment measure – The environmental measure is very effective for the tourism
industry. The aim of this measurement is to evaluate the environmental costs which effect the
natural resources of economy. The objectives of Philippines tourism industry is to predict the
consequences of proposed development activity and to ensure the potential risk that needs to be
forecast & to avoid those damage which are are identified through the environmental changes
(Yasarata and et.al., 2010). Philippines tourism industry have to important measures to ensure
that their environmental factors does not effect the natural resources and it should protect
country.
Steam (Sport Tourism Economic assessment model) model can also be applied under
which facilitates to conduct the economic impact assessment. Thai proves to be effective to
estimate the level of eco0nomuc activities which tend to support the event such as tourism of
Philippine. Under this, visitors profile by taking into account expenditure incurred can be
prepared and at the same time impact can be assessed on economy.
Pro poor tourism is set up for the developing countries which helps to improve the local
people and economy of the country. It defines the relationship between the tourism industry and
9

poor people. So that poverty can be reduced and poor people are also able to participate in the
tourism activities. Philippine tourism industry sometimes help the poor people to participate
them in tourism activities.
On the other side, responsible tourism is tell about to make better place for the tourists to
visit them properly. Responsible tourism requires that governments, operators, local people
should take the responsibility to make tourism more sustainable. However, here, management
ensures that all tourism activities are completed effectively with optimum utilization of limited
resources.
10

TASK 3
11

12

3.3
Leaflet
The effective planning is having several stages to create activities in a particular manner. It is an
appropriate way to achieve a goal, Philippines government have to divide their work in several
stages which is having their own aim and type of work. There are some stages for sustainable
tourism in the Philippines:-
Target- President has to take charge and set targets for tourism. They have to decide what
type of tourism destinations is suitable for them and as well as for tourist (Castellani and Sala,
2010). As they have limited resources and finance for development, they have to use those
destinations that are required for the lower investments and has a potential of higher revert.
Analysis- Government have to make analysis of the potentials which they have in their
country for tourism (Weaver, 2011). They has to make analysis of those destination which are
decided for the development by innovative ideas to develop these tourist destinations.
Planning- In this government is making plans for different types of tourism destinations.
They are setting tourism destinations on priorities basis, some tourist sites are having low
investments of time and as well as finance, so they are taking these types of sites in the firs. They
has to make proper facilities for foreign tourist, they have to develop proper infrastructure
compare to international level.
Implementation- They are having a partnership with the [private sector companies and
these companies are implementing planning which is made by the government (Hunter, 2012).
Implementation stage is having a lot of significance in development cause it is having huge risk
of ineffective implementation.
Review- Government have to make review on their planing, they have to compare their
planning on the basis of effectiveness as per they have invested in the particular tourist site.
These all stages are having a significant role in the development and it is developing tourist
destination in the Philippines.
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TASK 4
4.1
In this industry of tourism there are very high levels of competition and complexities and
have certain conflicts that arise during the course of operation. In business conflicts can arise in
any situations but its important to solve them with in the period of time for the better
development. The conflicts of interest only arises in tourism development and so its difficult to
make changes in tourism industry (Aref, 2011). Some of the measures taken for the better
development of tourism are mentioned below-
 Clear policy should be made to disclose to develop all the board members should know
about what all the issues are being faced by the travel and tourism industry.
 The government should take a step to minimize the conflicts of interest by identifying the
main reason. It is very important to recognize the main reasons which are behind the
conflicts.
 Collaboration method is the method where there is win win situation. Government should
follow these strategies to work for the best way to resolve the conflicts.
When the policies are being initiated then its important that there should be in working.
Paper application of policy is very important and without them, it shall not be effective enough.
Philippines industry of travel and tourism should include such action in policies which help in
development of travel and tourism industry (Dabphet, Scott and Ruhanen ., 2012). This industry
has many drawbacks that effects the tourism activities. In this situation, Philippines has to
identify the factors on which conflicts of interests are arises and solve them. When the factors are
identified then the necessary policies shall be executed and after that proper development of
tourism will take place. Its clear that the necessary measures of conflicts should be identify and
related activities or actions as to be taken for the time period.
4.2
In travel and tourism industry there is a demand that will effect in any ways. So, only
Philippines tourism development provides those services which are highly in demand. Its
important to maintain the demand and supply in relation to products and services that are
provided to tourists. Its important to have a balance in the market place for the demands and
supply. Philippines board levels has to integrated those policies which help to maintain the
14

implication of demand and supply (Hall, 2011). Its very much important to save the available
resources for the future use. It helps the tourism industry to balance the demand and supply and
satisfy the requirements of country people. This also helps the people who are travelling from
their country by means of travel and tourism industry. The government of UK supply natural
resources on time by which proper adjustments can be taken. It help in fulfilling the demand of
tourists. The government or the regulatory bodies should make an appropriate decision so the
tourism industry can find best solution for their problems in future to achieve success in the
industry of travel and tourism. Proper resources should be used by Philippines so to provide
regard to transportation, roads, hotels etc (Waligo, Clarke and Hawkins, 2013). In the
Sustainable development helps the tourism industry to meet the demands of customers in best
possible manner with in the limited resources that are available. This also helps the government
to understand the demand levels of the consumers and necessity ways through which resources
are provided. In tourism industry the members of Philippine has to provide proper facilities to
customers on the basis of demand and supply. So that they can achieve the success in future for a
long period of time. In terms of supply and demand, it can be asserted that at present the hotel
industry of Philippine is not able to supply products, services as per the demand. Over the past
few years, the demand among tourism has increased to a great extent and the supply regarding
the same is very low. The destination is required to come up with new ideas and innovative
strategies in order to meet the growing demand in the best possible manner.
In addition to this, hotel industry of Philippine should focus upon issues which are being
faced by visitors. For example, during peak season visitors find issue in getting desired hotel.
Owing to this, issue can be resolved by offering effective facilities to get the hotel booked on
right time. It can be critically evaluated that, pricing strategy used for hotel should be effective
enough for attracting more buyers. Moreover, supply of the Philippine hotel sector is appropriate
where it is important to increase demand of the same by increasing more users towards the same.
This can be made possible with the help of effective marketing activities and other related
aspects.
4.3
Travel and tourism industry, in the modern era as become as the major force in the
economy world. So, only all most countries are also increasing the opportunities to participate in
the tourism destination as well as for tourist (Bramwell, 2011). In this travel and tourism
15

industry there are lots of problems to face. Philippine tourism industry are facing many ethical
problems like pollution, unnecessary use of natural resources,destruction of environment, sexual
exploitation, in order to handle the issues and problems that are needed to be considered the
concept of responsible tourism. This creates a better place for the people to visit and live. In
enclave tourism, the tourist are doing different activities in small geographical area so that they
can get great experience from those small areas. So only, tourism industry of UK has to fulfil
the demand of tourist along with better facilities at a cheap rate (Spenceley, 2012). That the
people can stay and travel in rural areas. Philippine has to make proper planning to use proper
resources that can help in improving the tourism industry. It’s essential for travel and tourism
industry to analyse the moral issues and make decisions according to the tourist. This industry
should follow the rules and regulations to make a proper planning for the tourist and meet their
demands (Yu, Chancellor and Cole, 2011). It can be also evaluated that moral and ethical issues
in enclave tourism are affecting Philippine to a great extent. At the time of carrying its operations
and tourism related activities the destination is required to ensure that no harm is carried out to
environment and other people living in society. For example, terrorists activities tend to threaten
visitors so it is important provide them safe place and ensure their safety while visiting varied
tourist destinations. Apart from this, all available resources like nature places such forests should
not be destroyed and they can be developed without affecting natural beauty. At this juncture,
ethical issues such as sexual exploitation and pollution related aspects must be taken into
account. This would be effective to increase visitor base and make the Philippine as the most
attractive tourist destination. The members of Philippines have to resolve the conflicts in
different ways that are based on tourism industry. So that tourist can share their best experience
by other tourists and make it famous. By doing this the travel industry can attain the success for
long period of time. There are different concepts in tourism industry like people are making
plans for wildlife places for tourism and Eco tourism is also making place in mind of the tourists.
TASK 5
5.1
In the developing countries travel and tourism generally act as a major source of income.
In this industry a huge amount of investments are done and it plays a important role in growth of
16

economic development (Jensen, 2010). Tourism has impacts on economical, social,
environmental factors in developing countries.
Developing country's issues and analyses of US are as follows-
Economical factor:- This factor effects the quality of the life host community and
sometimes it also infringe on the human rights.
Socio-cultural impact:- In this Tourism relies on basic infrastructure such as hotels,
resorts etc.. Jobs provided on the seasons of tourist visitors.
Environmental impact:- In this impact natural threats and cultural resources such as
heritage sites, water supply.
Analysis:
 This creates jobs with in tourism industry and in retail sectors or in transportation
sectors. It provides opportunities to small scale industry enterprises.
 It improves the infrastructure and new leisure amenities that result for the tourism
benefits and local community.
 Helps to promote conservation of wildlife and natural resources.
Issues and analysis of UK are -
Economical factor:- In this factor contribution economic activities are done to
understand tourism region.
Social - culture impact:- In this social impact the infrastructure are not able to cope with
the greater stress created by tourism people.
Environmental factor:- It has impact on the natural resources.
Analysis :
 It increases the economic costs including the direct cost which is incurred from the
tourism.
 In this all the local community people are mixed from diverse backgrounds and with
different lifestyles to improve the infrastructure facilities.
 Both natural and manmade quality of environment are essential.
So by this, its concluded that for both developing countries there are negative and
positive impact on the tourism industry (Nicholas and Thapa ., 2010). Both countries face the
negative and positive impacts. This can only be sustainable by careful management so the
17

current issues does not create negative impact. Positive impact sometimes gives knowledge to
local community to know the background of different lifestyles.
Aspects Croatia Philippines
Social- cultural Use of different kind of
languages and unique food
customers as well as Symbols
of Social Stratification.
Social culture environment of
the Philippines is very unique
due to emergence of tourism.
However, visitors would like
to know the varied kind of
culture, food and other kind of
activities of selected
destination. Furthermore, its
Spanish empire is the center of
attraction for visitors. In
addition to this, combination
of different kind of culture
proves to be effective for
visitors to select tour package
of the same.
Environmental The country is full of natural
resources and beauty which
tend to attract more buyers,
However, rapid development
and higher tourism scope
affect its natural beauty to a
great extent.
The scarcity of natural
resources affect the growth of
selected destination's tourism
to a great extent.
Economic impact The higher scope of tourism and
education level of people facilitates
to ensure positive economic impact.
The availability of less education
people and unemployment affect
economic condition of tourist
destination.
18

5.2
The governments of Philippines tourism industry are applying the different strategies to achieve
long term goals in tourism industry. Some developing countries like UK and US are trying to
encourage the domestic tourism for the achievement of goals. There are many trends of tourism
industry that have been changing from past few years and there is high possibility of that there
will be high changes will come in coming years (Planning Process. 2010). The developing
country first makes sure that the resources they are using for providing the services that
resources should be offer in terms of quality not in terms of quantity. In the contrary, the
resources which are available to tourism industry it will not affect the people and it should
protect the environment. The tourism industry does not do promises for economic growth of the
country for achieving the long term and short term goals. After analysing the impact of tourism
industries, so many tourism industries want to gain the advantage in the market and create value
in customers mind. As in case of Philippines tourism industry they want to achieve the long
term and short terms goals and also want to satisfy the visitors need by providing them a high
quality of service and facilities (Sustainable Tourism. 2014). But different structures and
delivery models have been develop by each destination. The allocation of resources or funds
will create some issues in future if they are not properly used in present.
A number of recommendations have been made for the future development of tourism
industry in developing countries which are in relation to management issue, visitors research
measurements etc. The cited tourism industry has to improve their infrastructure facilities like
hotels, roads, resorts etc. to hit the targets on time and to attract the visitors.
It can be also recommended that the destination can come up with more sustainable practises
for carrying out tourism related activities and operations.
The ethical and moral issues of Philippine should be resolved by adopting effective
approaches or regulation from the government end. This enables people to visit the destination
effectively without any kind of fear. At this juncture, tour operators of country can work on the
basis of parameters related to pollution and use of natural resources. This would be effective to
promote responsible tourism and provide great experience to all its visitors.
19

CONCLUSION
In the above report all elements and impacts are discussed on various organisation that
operates in the travel and tourism industry and sectors. In the emerging and developing countries
has to put a very strong fight with the leading destination of Philippines all around the world. It
also improves the destinations among the tourists and government of the country aims to protect
the natural resources of Philippines because its profitable. Tourism should be planned and well
managed for the successful growth. It involves several types of stakeholders such as local people,
tourists, government and agencies of tourism to gain more profits by improving tourism with
Philippine and improves in the results of economic growth within the country. Stakeholders and
Government in this industry has a responsibilty to ensure about the development in tourism for
long term prosperity and it should not be placed at any risk. Its the best way to develop tourism
planning approaches that results in business improving economic growth with the country. Many
different levels are under takes like national regional, internalize, sub regional that are involved
in tourism planning development.
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