Sustainable Tourism Development Planning

The assignment delves into the meticulous process of planning for sustainable tourism development. It outlines six distinct stages, beginning with defining the overarching goals and progressively moving through stakeholder identification, tourist attraction analysis, issue resolution, conflict mitigation, and finally, the development of innovative solutions for sustainable tourism practices.

SUSTAINABLE
TOURISM
DEVELOPMENT

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Benefits to stakeholders from planning of tourism development..........................................1
1.2 Advantages and disadvantages of public/private sector tourism planning partnerships.......2
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
2.1 Analysing the features of tourism development planning at different levels........................3
2.2 Evaluate the significance of interactive planning systems and processes in tourism
development with reference to the Philippines case study..........................................................4
2.3 Evaluate different methods available to measure tourist impact with reference to
Philippines case study..................................................................................................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
3.1................................................................................................................................................6
3.2................................................................................................................................................6
3.3 Analyse different stages in planning for sustainability..........................................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................7
4.1 Evaluate methods of resolving a conflict of interests to ensure the future wellbeing of a
developing tourism destination such as Philippines Case...........................................................7
4.2 Analyse the implications of balancing supply and demand with reference to the Philippines
Case..............................................................................................................................................8
4.3 Evaluate the moral and ethical issues of enclave tourism in the Philippines Case study......9
TASK 5..........................................................................................................................................10
5.1 Compare current issues associated with tourism development in a developing country and
an emerging destination where the impacts of tourism are different.........................................10
5.2 Evaluate, with recommendations, the future development of tourism in these chosen
destinations................................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Sustainable tourism can be defined as tourism activity which is able to take full
interpretation of it ongoing and future social, environmental and economic impacts along with
fulfilling the needs of industry, environment, host communities and visitors. Therefore
sustainable tourism should include following concepts: a) making appropriate use of the
available natural resources is the key principle of sustainable tourism development along with
conservation of natural biodiversity and heritage, b) respect the authenticity of host community
and conserve the heritage and traditional value and c) it also ensure the long term economical
operation along with the provision of socio-economic benefits to all the stakeholders involved in
tourism industry (Briassoulis and Van der Straaten, 2013). Sustainable tourism also tends to
minimise the cost and increase the benefits provided to tourist.
TASK 1
1.1 Benefits to stakeholders from planning of tourism development
As per the views of Lee, (2013), stakeholders are those person, individuals and
organisations which are directly connected to tourism industry. Following are the stakeholders
that can be associated with tourism industry: local people of the particular area, travellers,
national and local government, tourism associations, financial institutions and various private
and governmental that are operating in tourism sector.
Planning for the tourist development includes the recognition of goals and programmes that
aid in achieving the defined aims by performing the specific tasks and activities. In tourism
industry many strategies are planned for the development sustainable tourism and this planning
is based on demands and supply of resources along with the perceptions of different traveller.
Along with this concept of proactive stance can be applied for the analysing of developed
tourism planning. By taking a look on the economic growth in Philippines it was found that it is
growing at very slow rate thus by increasing the employment opportunities and eradicating
poverty will pose positive impacts on the lifestyle of Philippines. The contribution of tourism
industry in overall GDP of Philippines is around 10.5%. The major tourist destination are
rainforest, island, mountains ranges and many heritage sites. Following are the benefits to
stakeholders from the planning of tourism development:
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 Local People: There are more than 3 million people in the Philippines that are working in
the tourism industry for their living. The local population can earn good profit with
development in tourism industry and improve their living standards. Business organisation: Various organisation and setups such as hotels, resorts, pubs, tour
and travel agencies are also benefited by forming plan which includes information
regarding details of the visitors and other information in order to improve their services
which help in attracting large number of tourist (Mowforth and Munt, 2015). National Government: The efficient planning aid national government to develop
infrastructure for the pleasure of tourist along with this it also help in increasing the
overall GDP of Philippines. Financial Institutions: Various financial institutions such as banks, mutual fund
agencies play an important role in development of tourism in any country. This planning
helps institution by guiding them regarding investment and return at appropriate time.
Thus it is clear that formation for plan for tourism development provides benefit to vast audience
in different ways. Some of the common examples of Public Private Partnership (PPP) is a pact
between government and private organization for anti-corruption campaign in Philippines,
sustainable development is another factor for which two types of organizations have come
together to achieve a common goal.
1.2 Advantages and disadvantages of public/private sector tourism planning partnerships
According to World Bank, Public private partnership (P3) is a long term contract which
take place between government organisation and private entities in order to provide the public
with benefits in the form of good services. There is need to increase the planning related to
public and private sector tourism as it will aid in facing variety of diverse situations such as:
progress in technology, international competitiveness and supplier sophistication.as it is well
know that good network play an important role especially in tourism sector as with transfer and
gain of new information help in good growth of this industry (Sharpley, 2015). Along with this
public and private partnership is important for good infrastructure development, risk assessment,
growth in community development and reward giving.
Advantages of Public private partnership are:
 Public private partnership offers better infrastructure solutions for the development
sustainable tourism industry.
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 This partnership also helps in rapid completion of projects and reduction in delays related
to infrastructure work of projects by appropriate measuring the performance and profit.
 Return of investment is also greater in public private partnership when compared to old
entirely private and government methods as variety of new approaches related to
financing are available when both organisation work together.
 Along with this operational and project execution risk is completely transferred from the
government organisation to private entity as private firm have more experience in cost
containment.
 This partnership also tends to increase the efficiency of investment doe by government as
it allows government organisation to re-direct their fund in other socio-economical areas.
 The public private partnership also aims in maintaining the high quality standards by life
cycle of project (Ruhanen, 2013).
 This partnership also plays an important role in reducing the budget provided by
government.
Disadvantages of Public private partnership are:
 The major drawback of public private partnership is that it involve the risk for private
participant which in turn increase the cost of government.
 In case when there are only limited available private organisations to perform the task
than these limited entities are enough to take on the tasks which in turn limit the
competitiveness which is necessary for cost effective partnering.
 Along with this the profit generated through projects mainly depend on competitive level,
volume of the complete project, assumed risk and complexity of the project (Telfer and
Sharpley, 2015).
 In case when expertise only lies in hands of private organisation than government
organisation suffers big disadvantage.
TASK 2
2.1 Analysing the features of tourism development planning at different levels
Most of the development process initiates with the recognition by local and regional
government along with the consultation with public and private sector with concern regarding
tourism development in a planned manner. In order to successfully execute the plan here need to
understand the basic requirement at national, regional and local level along with participation of
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international organisations. It is important to analyse the characteristic of different level in order
to understand their need in tourism development.
International Level
The international organisation such Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD) have its own mission of promoting the policies which helps in improving the social and
economic well-being of people all around the world along with the development of destinations.
The main aim of this international organisation is to work along with government organisation in
order to seek solutions for problem raised in public. The importance of OECD working together
with government is to look for various economic, social and environmental factors which pose
impact on tourist attraction (Waligo, Clarke and Hawkins, 2013).
National Level
These organisations are mainly public and private organisations at the national level which
generally includes government, national volunteer or private organisation that tends to work
along with government. These organisations helps in ensuring the Philippines that their tourist
destination are attractive and is open for tourist all over the world. The national government also
attract the public and private investors to work in partnership with them for the promotion of
variety of benefits in tourism industry. Along with this the tourism authority in Philippines work
along with government at the national level for successfully conducting the business.
Regional level
The characteristics of regional level bodies are highly specific as it only involves the people of
local community in the planning programme. The local government in Philippines consists of
provinces and municipalities which play major role in increasing awareness among local people
regarding tourism development (Graci, 2013).
Sub regional level
The sub regional organisation help in creating a bridge between regional and national level
organisations. These organisations work at the lowest level and are well aware regarding the
emotional attachment of local people with appropriate destinations thus it aid government in
making plans that help in protecting such destinations and helps in resolving the conflicts raised
in between local citizen and government.
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2.2 Evaluate the significance of interactive planning systems and processes in tourism
development with reference to the Philippines case study
Development in the tourism industry tends to bring many several challenges and issues
such as congestion, overcrowding and environmental damage. The main reason of such damages
is lack of efficient tourism planning. The already available traditional methods of planning are
not that much efficient and thus lead to conflicts among organisations. However the availability
of various modern interactive planning systems tends to bring collaboration, participation among
people and cooperation which help in fulfilling the main objective. On the basis of the given case
it can be inferred that government of Philippines stress more on developing and building
infrastructures that help in boosting the revenue generation and also help in increasing the
employment opportunities among local people. With the development of suitable tourism
industry government of Philippines can also keep a check on damages that are done to nature and
environment (Sharpley and Telfer, 2014).
The perks of implication of Interactive Planning System are as follows:
Government can take efficient decisions regarding the infrastructure development by
involving the local people living in coastal areas of the Philippines in the decision making
program. By involving the local communities in this process feedback and negotiation process is
easily achieved. Along with this, the active participation of stakeholders in tourism development
planning help in eradicating the negative impacts over the communities of Philippines. With the
implication of interactive planning system it will be easy to identify the problems and deficiency
that hinder to meet environmental benchmark. On the basis of this sustainable plans can be
generated for the future development and will also aid in attracting large number of tourists. By
implication of this process the local communities and people are involved in the development
process that help in keeping the conflicts away without affecting the overall development.
Drawbacks of implication of Interactive Planning System are as follows:
As it was discussed above that all the local communities are involved in decision making
thus it will lead to generation of number of feedbacks from number of people (Juvan and
Dolnicar, 2014). Thus considering this large number feedbacks from local community and
variety of stakeholders can leads to number of complexities as it will be difficult for an
organisation to evaluate this number of opinions and then to consider few among them.
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2.3 Evaluate different methods available to measure tourist impact with reference to Philippines
case study.
There is need of number of methods that help in the identification of effectiveness to
measure the impacts on tourism. The main aim of all the tourist tourism development planning is
to identify different approaches and activities that help in developing the tourism sector in
particular company. Following are the methods involved in measuring the impact:
 Economic measures: In country like Philippines the economic growth can be
assessed by considering the factors related to tourism. There are certain methods
such as Scarborough Tourism Economic Activity Monitor (STEAM) helps by
providing the actual trends of the visitors by highlighting the attendance of the
event, visitors detail and occupancy rates etc. Thus the government of Philippines is
easily able to track the results of investment done in infrastructure development
(Higham, Bejder and Williams, 2014). With the help of this approach of STEAM
and by sharing the statistic regarding this method government can approach the
local citizens by claiming regarding the employment opportunities in case if the
support the government in this whole process.
 Environmental measures: Environmental Impact Assessment method is used to
evaluate the cost to environment while developing the tourism in country. This
particular method is firstly applied in a particular area than help in calculating the
overall damages that take place in that area in order to come up with feasibility
related to tourism development activities. However, the calculation of
environmental damages is unpredictable (McGehee, 2014).
 Social measures: The socio-cultural impact is most important aspect of
consideration in the tourist sectors. The information that is related to cultural
aspects is difficult to measure in the tourism industry due to its qualitative nature.
For the integration of social and financial divergence there is need to undertake
Human Development Index (HDI). In order to measure the amount of impacts done
on tourism industry various interviews and surveys are taken in order to gather
specific information. Pro Poor Tourism (PPT) is a type of tourism factor that helps
in generating benefits to the poor. The benefits can be in the form of economic,
social, cultural or environmental. It is not a specific product or service, but is an
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approach tourism industry that helps in building social aspect as well. It helps in
creating link between tourism in business and poor section of the society.
TASK 3
3.1
Achieved in poster.
3.2
Achieved in poster.
3.3 Analyse different stages in planning for sustainability
7
The different stages that are involved in planning a sustainable development are:

TASK 4
4.1 Evaluate methods of resolving a conflict of interests to ensure the future wellbeing of a
developing tourism destination such as Philippines Case.
Conflicts of interest generally take place in situation where there is presence of number of
stakeholders with different opinion. But the government organisations and other private and
public entities those who are involved in sustainable development must resolve this conflict of
interest for the future wellbeing of developing tourism destination (Saarinen and Rogerson,
2014). According to the case study it can be inferred that there is need of development of tourism
in Philippines for the duration of long term but in this approach of promoting the tourism there is
a sort of violation in perspective of ecological environment that can lead to initiation of conflicts
among some group of stakeholders which mainly incudes local community. And in accordance
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Stage 1. This stage generally describes the main aim of the sustainable
development. In this stage the short term and long term goals are well defined.
Stage 2. This stage generally involves identification of all the stake holders that
can be included in the tourist industry in order to meet the objective of
sustainable development. It generally includes local communities, business
organisations, tour operators, national park authorities and government (Gu and
et.al., 2013).
Stage 3. This stage includes identification of places which are major tourist
attraction along with the details like interest of visitors and their basic demands.
Stage 4. The basic issues are identified related to sustainable development and
are addressed by consulting them with all the stake holders.
Stage 5. This stage generally includes the analysis of all issues and reason for
the conflicts raised along with finding the specific solution.
Stage 6. After solving all the issues and coming up with specific solutions
comes the time for development of ideas for sustainable development.

to this there is need of different methods which can be used to resolve the conflicts of interest in
following ways:
Negotiation:
The most common method used in resolving the conflicts is negotiation. There is need of
effective communication and interaction in order to come up with this method. The main aim of
the parties involved in negotiation process is to come across a fair deal which will create the win-
win situation for both involved parties (AbbasiDorcheh and Mohamed, 2013). To perform this
there is need of local authorities of Philippines government to conduct a meeting with the local
people and their communities regarding development plan. Thus there will be discussion among
both parties regarding issue and they both come up with point that is beneficial for both parties.
The positive aspect of this approach is that both parties come to an effective solution which will
help in establishing the win-win situation for both but the negative aspect is that it will lead to
negotiation.
Mediation:
Mediation is the process in which parties participate voluntarily and will result in the
mutually acceptable agreement. It is one of the best method where different parties actively
participate in process and come up with an effective solution that help in resolving the conflict.
To come up with this method there is need of effective communication among local authorities
and local people where the authority can ensure job opportunities to people of local community.
This will further help in resolving the misunderstanding among different authorities and will help
in maintaining the supportive environment which is the positive aspect of this method (Samat
and Harun, 2013). The major limitation of this method is that sometimes it become complicated
for the mediator to come up with situation and is not able to complete the process of mediation.
4.2 Analyse the implications of balancing supply and demand with reference to the Philippines
Case
In Philippines when it comes to tourism the visit of international visitors have been
declined by 28% that is from 21.97 million to 15.69 million. In previous years it has been seen
that the maximum contribution of tourist in Philippines is from USA, Japan and Korea. The
amount of expenditure is nearly about 102.88 million, 42.1 million and 42.8 million for the
countries like Korea, Japan and USA. It was also found that there is increase in number of tourist
from 480689 in 2015 to 502723 in the year 2016 and the maximum number of tourist were from
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Asian countries and constitute 69% of total tourist. On the basis of study it was also found that
tourism industry contribute up to 10% in countries overall GDP and also support around 4.99
million job in Philippines (Sinclair-Maragh, Gursoy and Vieregge, 2015). Due to the presence of
7000 islands which are highly rich in biodiversity and contains large amount of rainforest and
mountains are the major source for growth of tourism in country like Philippines. The economy
of country is dependent on places like Metro Manila which is ranked 11 all over the world for the
purpose of shopping. Along with this it was also found that visitors from USA used to shop from
this city and thus lead to increase in tourism.
Adequate amount of supply is needed in order to meet the demands of all the visitors and
satisfy them completely which also help in increasing the economic development. The national
tourism strategy of Philippines tends to recognize the critical factors related to tourism
environment. The major focus is given on issues such as infrastructure development,
environmental issues and community welfare projects in order to boost the tourism sector
(Ferguson and Alarcón, 2015). Various strategies are taken for improving the infrastructure
development and accommodation facilities in certain places such as Boracay and Cebu. Various
events can be organised for the tourist such as river cruise, dolphin watching tour, scuba diving
in order to attract large number of tourist in Philippines. Thus these effective steps can be taken
from the side of government to match the increasing demand of various tourist. Along with this
there is need of implication of approach of sustainability in the context of tourism industry in
order to maintain the ecological balance.
4.3 Evaluate the moral and ethical issues of enclave tourism in the Philippines Case study.
Enclave tourism is the type of activity that is conducted over the small geographic region
with the main aim to satisfy the tourist at particular place. This type of activity is generally
conducted by government in order to satisfy the visitors who are having limited amount of
money to spend more time at destination. The coastal areas of Philippines are generally
considered as the best place for the enclave tourism by facilitating the adequate accommodation
and transport facilities. Along with this there is high level of competition among service
providers who tends to provide their services at this place.
The moral and ethical issues associated with the Enclave Tourism are as follows
The major issues arises due to fact that people from local community of Philippines are
not able get benefit from this type of tourism as they are not allowed accessibility and on the
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other hand business organisations tends to dominate over the area in order to achieve greater
profit (Dowling, 2013). Along with this the licence are sanctioned unethically by the people of
local authority and the cultural aspects of the people living in Philippines is hindered due to the
import of culture form foreign countries. Along with this activities such as deforestation cause
serious damages to the ecological environment.
TASK 5
5.1 Compare current issues associated with tourism development in a developing country and an
emerging destination where the impacts of tourism are different.
It is well known that Thailand is highly developing country and its tourism contribute a lot
in the economic development of country. And it was also found that tourism contribute up to 9%
in the total GDP of country. The Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) tends to recognize the
growth of tourism sector and they have also implemented the sustainable tourism development
plan under the theme of Amazing Thailand. Along with this it was also found that Thailand is
ranked top in the areas such as tourist destination and natural resources. And on the other hand it
is also seen that Philippines is coming out as a new emerging tourist destination in the world
map. As economic growth keep on increasing and has reached up to 6.4% till the end of 2016.
The major factor that leads to increase in GDP and economic growth of Philippines is lowering
the rate of poverty and gradual increase in employment opportunities (Briguglio, 2017).
Impacts of tourism in a developing country and emerging destination are as follows:
Impacts Thailand Philippines
Economic The economic impact on tourism of Thailand
is dependent on different incidents. The
bombing activity in Bangkok have posed
negative impact on the tourist industry with
the reduction in rate of tourist from all over
the world. However the country has a strong
potential and have collected 46 billion US
dollar from international tourists.
The major issue related to
economy in Philippines is high
investment on setting a
tourism industry. Some
amount of investment can be
transferred in emergency
sector where actual
development is needed.
Environmental Along with the development of tourism the
country is dealing with large number of
environmental issues such as increasing rate of
Due to increase in the
development programs
environmental damage had
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pollution, soil erosion and deforestation.
Along with this the water pollution is leading
to bleaching of coral reefs that poses risk to
habitats in water and imbalance the ecosystem.
The major reason for deforestation is
development projects that leads to soil erosion
and the decrease in forest leads to increase in
temperature due to which working hours are
highly decreased (Moscardo and Murphy,
2014).
just yet started in Philippines.
It has resulted in soil erosion
and deforestation. Due to
deforestation, many negative
impacts have affected the
coral reefs and coastal areas of
Philippines.
Socio-Cultural The growth in tourism has also affected social
and cultural norms of Thailand by posing
negative impacts on them. In order to provide
tourist with best hospitality many places in
Thailand had adopted the foreign culture in
order to attract them more but this has resulted
in decline of local culture of Thailand.
Similarly in case of
Philippines many people tends
to adopt the foreign culture in
order to serve tourist with best
services and this causes
damage to local culture along
with the increased activity of
tourist child labour has also
increased to meet the needs of
tourists.
5.2 Evaluate, with recommendations, the future development of tourism in these chosen
destinations
The only measure that can help in reducing the negative impact over the tourism activity
conducted in Thailand and Philippines is Sustainable tourism development plan. The optimum
use of available resources which help in long term socio-economic development tends in
providing the stakeholders with benefits through appropriate sustainable development plan. The
major barrier that hinders the process of sustainable development is meeting the requirements of
all the stakeholders with different interest related to tourism industry. The major things that are
important to consider while developing the sustainable development plan are secure environment
and stability in the income opportunity. The three major areas that are important to consider are:
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 Social: Enabling the employees to take part in decision making program, empowering the
local groups are required to set a friendly environment in tourism industry. Along with
this there is need of prohibition of child labour, gender equality and protection of
women’s are the major steps for social development in Philippines.
 Environmental: The main aim for environmental preservation is to reduce the impacts
that are hazardous for bio diversity. Along with this there is need optimum use of
available resources such as water and energy (Bramwell and Lane, 2013).
 Economic: The economic development of any country is completely dependent on
employment services, earning capabilities and competency development in particular
region. Thus there is need of increasing the employment opportunities in Philippines for
economic development.
Recommendation to Thailand and Philippines are:
 To adopt sustainable tourism which can further help in lifting up poor segment of the
society.
 To opt for tourism laws that are not only benefitted to the tourists who come to visit
countries, but also help in development of home country as well.
 To have major focus on tourism development and investment aspect of this sector
 To define vision and mission of this sector so that its adaptation by the authorities can be
beneficial as well as easy.
 Further, setting up tourism standards for all the stakeholders involved can help in better
development.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that sustainable tourist development is the key
need to enlarge the tourist sector without posing harm to natural environment. Along with this it
was also identifies that all the stakeholders must be involves in development plan in order to
reduce the conflicts. It was also found that difference in interest of stakeholders regarding
sustainable development act as a barrier in appropriate development.
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