Sustainable Tourism Research and Development

This assignment delves into the realm of sustainable tourism, examining the various aspects of this industry. It discusses the importance of government initiatives in resolving conflicts within organizations to achieve goals and objectives. The provided references are a selection of relevant books and journals on sustainable tourism research, policy development, community involvement, and environmental impact. The analysis is thorough and provides a comprehensive understanding of sustainable tourism.

Sustainable Tourism
Development

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Stakeholders can benefit from tourism development planning........................................3
1.2 Advantages and disadvantages of public-private sector partnerships (PPP) in tourism
planning and development......................................................................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Features of Tourism Development Planning at different levels.......................................5
2.2 Significance of interactive planning systems and processes in tourism developments....6
2.3 Different methods available to measure tourist impact....................................................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
3.1 Introduction of the concept of sustainability in tourism development.............................8
3.2 Factors that may prevent hinder sustainable tourism development..................................8
3.3 Different stages in planning for sustainability..................................................................9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
4.1 Methods of resolving a conflict of interests to ensure the future well-being of a developing
tourism destination...............................................................................................................10
4.2 Implications of balancing supply and demand...............................................................11
4.3 Evaluate the moral and ethical issues of enclave tourism..............................................11
TASK 5..........................................................................................................................................11
5.1 Compare current issues associated with tourism development in a developing country and
an emerging destination where the impacts of tourism are different...................................11
5.2 Recommendations for future development of tourism in both destinations...................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Tourism is the largest and fastest growing sector that impact the economy of a country.
With rise in field of tourism, new ideas emerge such as sustainable tourism. It is defined as that
type of tourism that take care needs of current generation and meeting future generation need in
order to fulfils their requirement (Aldebert, Dang and Longhic, 2011). This report is based on
tourist destination that is Croatia which is situated at central and south-east Europe. This
destination had 18.4 million tourist visitors and 110.275 million people made night stays. It is
developing successfully which has various places for tourist to visit. This report covers rationale
for planning in travel and tourism industry. It also covers various approaches to planning and
development. There are need for planning for sustainable tourism and currents issues are
discussed related to tourism development planning. It also highlights about socio-cultural,
economic and environmental impacts of tourism in developing countries and destination.
TASK 1
1.1 Stakeholders can benefit from tourism development planning
Tourism Development Planning (TDP) is the process which involves planning and
coordination with other government agencies for improving infrastructure related with tourism
sector. This includes improvement in hotels, restaurants, outlets, transportation and other so that
tourists can get all required facilities and enjoy in better and effective manner (Ashworth and
Page, 2011). Croatia tourist destination required proper TDP in order to increase number of
tourists. There are various stakeholders for tourism sector which includes national governments,
tourism establishment & enterprises, local community, tourists, international agencies,
educational institutions (Stakeholders in tourism development, 2025). These stakeholders are
benefited from TDP which are described below:
National Governments- TDP can provide benefits in planning various activities at
national level for tourists. As this can help national government in knowing about need and
requirement of people.
Tourism establishments and Enterprises- Tourism Development Planning can help this
stakeholder in developing and establishing facilities for transportation to tourists, hotels,
accommodation. TDP can provide information to different travel agencies, tour operators
regarding arrival of number of tourists.

Local Community- Tourism development planning provide benefits to local community
to increase their culture and value at tourist destination which help to develop destination as well
as nation. As Croatia is the most preferred tourist destination which need to develop more
effectively and efficiently to increase more number of tourists from different places.
1.2 Advantages and disadvantages of public-private sector partnerships (PPP) in tourism
planning and development
Public Private Sector Partnerships (PPP) is defined as collaboration among private
organisation and government agency which can be used for building, operating projects,
financing, like parks, public transportation network, convention centres (Bramwell, 2011). The
advantages and disadvantages of PPP in tourism planning and development in tourism in context
to Croatia are discussed below:
PPP helps in ensuring investments into public sector and resource management for high
quality and timely provisions. This helps in reduction of risk for managing expenditures. As it is
combination of both private and public which divided work into two parts. For example, Croatia
can develop their different sectors such as risk reduction, transportation and others through better
tourism planning.
There are some disadvantages of PPP in tourism planning and development such as
development in infrastructure leads to be more expensive. If they rely on private side more, then
there is loss for public sector. Profit varies due to risk, level of competition, complexity. For
example, if PPP focus on side then there is no development in other side and vice-versa which is
disadvantage for developing destination in better and effective manner. As Croatia is high
preferred tourism destination which should be developed more in order to increase many number
of tourists.
PPP corporation can provide various benefits to respective organisation. In order to
increase destination of Croatia, it need to cooperate and work with PPP as they combine both
private and public into single organisation for better achievement of results. For example, if
Croatia connect with others PPP they it can increase investment and divide those funds into
different sectors for developing travel and tourism sectors and providing facilities in terms of
transportation, accommodation, hotel, museums, parks and other. The main goal of business is to
earn maximum profits along with large production. Croatia is the renowned tourist destination so
it need to improve itself in better and effective manner by taking help from PPP and managing

expenditure for effective and efficient manner to achieve their goals and objectives. This include
both private and public organisation together which focus on development of country and getting
benefits from it. For instance, Croatia can take assist of PPP for construction of parks, museums
and others in order to attract large number of tourist that leads to development of organisation as
well as country. Therefore, it can leads to make organisation and place more renowned and
famous along with increment in profits, sales and revenues for growth and sustainability of
business.
TASK 2
2.1 Features of Tourism Development Planning at different levels
Tourism development planning is considered as essential planning in order to attract
tourists for natural beauty, heritage and others of Croatia (Buckley, 2012). The proper planning
helps in achieving goals and objectives related with nation in better way. Croatia is very rich
historical place with natural beauty that helps in generating sustainability, growth and high
revenue of economy. The different key steps of tourism development planning process are:
assessment of tourist demand and supply, objectives establishment, territorial planning, basic
infrastructure, financial planning, human resource planning, administrative structure, marketing
& promotion, monitoring progress and time factor. Here, first step helps in identification of
demand and supply of tourist at particular destination from use of various data and information
in effective and efficient manner. After assessment of demand and supply, objective are made
accordingly. In third stage, in which location and territory more number of tourist comes
accordingly planning should be made. Once territory is decided the basic infrastructure is
provided to tourist for their convenience and comfort. After that budget and human resource
planning is to be performed as per number of guest and visitors arrive at respective destination or
place. The administrative structure should be decided as per people's requirements. After
performing of all above stage, marketing and promotion is required to be done in effective and
efficient manner for achievement of goals and objectives. At last, all done activities should be
monitored along with keeping time factor in mind so that set objectives can be achieved.
It is very important for tourism sector to initiate various plans, policies and strategies in
order to attract large number of tourists. As tourists are coming for visit purpose, it is
government duty of respective nation for proving them with safety transportation facilities so

they feel safe and secure (Dabphet, Scott and Ruhanen, 2012). The features at various level of
planning within tourism are described below:
Local Level- In this level of tourism planning, government should promote and
advertising their natural beauty, cultural heritages at different places in order to gain attention of
consumers and other nations for visiting various locations.
National Level- At national level, Croatia should make changes in their plans, policies as
per structure of organisation for dealing with competitors of particular country at geographical
area. This helps in satisfying their consumers need, want and demand in effective manner.
International Level- In international level, Croatia should develop infrastructure facilities
such as transportation, hospitals, road and others to upgrade plans and policies for enhancing
tourism program. For attracting international tourists, they have made changes in their plans and
policies.
All these levels are very much important for an organisation as their capabilities enhances
they pace towards these levels and that helps in enhance their brand name in market. The reason
is in travel and tourism sector all kinds of organisations exist and operate at various levels. So
these levels give distinction to them as per facilities.
2.2 Significance of interactive planning systems and processes in tourism developments
Interactive planning is defined as policies, strategies and plans that are configured for
achievement of goals and objectives in systematic manner (Carlsen and Butler, 2011). This
planning system is important in development of tourism sector. The different types of interactive
planning system are proactive, inactive and instance which plays effective role in tourism
developments. The significance of interactive planning systems and processes in tourism
development are as follows:
 The implementation of plans, strategies and policies given by interactive planning can
help corporation in generating large profits and growth in market.
 If investor can helps companies then there is effectiveness of interactive policies and
plans in organisation. Thus, this can leads in achievement of goals and objectives in
effective manner.
 This planning cannot harm surroundings through over extraction of resources.
The natural beauty, historical places and heritage culture assist in capturing tourist eye
from different nations. There are many sports events which was hosted in Croatia which really

helps in tourist increment. Along with, various festivals are celebrated in different ways to attract
large number of visitors. Thus, in this way interactive planning process can help country and
nations for profit increments.
For making best destination place for tourism, it is very important for Croatia to apply
interactive planning. It means they should make best plans, policies and strategies for
achievement of goals and objectives. It can be applied using proper planning for development of
various tourism sector.
2.3 Different methods available to measure tourist impact
There are different impacts to tourists within Croatia are described below:
Environment Impact- The government of Croatia has made huge investment in saving
environment and natural resources. This is considered as tool for measuring and assisting in
decreasing hazards resources that is non-renewable in order to save them for future use. This can
help in attracting large number of visitors at Croatia towards natural beauty (Castellani and Sala,
2010). Croatia can measured carbon footprint with calculation and see impact on land, building,
structure. The sustainability checklist can be prepared and ratings are given accordingly. For
measuring environmental impact, Croatia can create building portfolios for energy star
submissions. This provide rating for building which might be hampered due to large number of
arrival of tourists.
Social Impact- This factors influence and create impact on societies. The tradition, values
and culture of society plays significant role in enhancing tourists as individual like to learn about
various culture, tradition of various places. The impact of social can be measure with individuals
who are working in organisation. As stakeholder can provide accurate and correct information to
the person who are measuring impact. The checklist tool can be used by business for better
outcome.
Economic Impact- Due to increase in tourism, there is improvement in economic
condition of country in finance terms. The government of Croatia should initiate steps for
protecting heritage culture, natural beauty and historical places. It also helps in reducing
unemployment of particular nations and improve living standard of people. This impact can be
measured through Cambridge Economic Influence Model which is tool that measure impact on
particular area. This provide estimation on local as well as national information of area. It
provides information regarding power of visitor, number of jobs, income of people in travel and

tourism sector in Croatia. Croatia can use various tools and techniques for measuring impact of
economic factors. They can apply financial statements, cash flow and profitability ratios to know
about how much organisation have earned and expand on various activities. If all required
facilities are provided then they have high impact on economic for increasing profits and
revenues.
TASK 3
3.1 Introduction of the concept of sustainability in tourism development
Sustainability in tourism development is defined as process for developing and managing
practices that involves in improving conditions of heritages, culture, natural beauty of specified
areas and places (Choi and Murray, 2010). This helps in meeting current tourists’ requirements
and host regions along with protecting and increasing various options in future time period. This
is considered as anticipation which leads in managing different resources such as economic,
social and aesthetic for fulfilling and maintaining cultural integrity, biological diversity,
procedure for ecology, support system for life, and others. The international tourism
development is using multiple methods in order to attract individuals for visiting different
nations. This can help in unemployment reduction and poverty at international level. It is
regarded as important factors which assist nations, organisation and industry which encourage
them for giving their best in order to satisfy consumer's needs, preferences and wants. Some
definitions of sustainability in tourism development are as follows:
Triple Bottom Line- This has connected with sustainability that is contained in three
parts such as financial, social and environmental (Hunter, 2012). It is adopted by nations and
organisations in order to market their position, evaluate performance and time frame of
sustainability. With help of TBL, Croatia measures their sustainability in different terms.
World Travel and Tourism Council- The mission of WTTC is increasing awareness of
impacts of travel and tourism in economy. This helps in providing contribution to sustainability
at market.
3.2 Factors that may prevent hinder sustainable tourism development
Travel and tourism is significant industry which can impact country and individuals. The
factors which can prevent hinder sustainable tourism development are described below:

High Cost- This is considered as major factor which hinders sectors as middle and lower
class people or travellers does not afford in taking facilities provided (Hall, 2011). Due to this,
there is no proper development of tourism sector in nations.
Crimes and Terrorist Attacks- With rise in crime and terrorists attacks, traveller cancel
their plan for particular place. The government of Croatia plays an effective role in development
of tourism and providing them safety at each level. This can impact industry in negative way and
impact profitability.
Safety Issues- This is also important hinder in sustainable tourism development. If
government of Croatia does not provide safety and care to travellers, then it can impact their
business in negative way. In case tour operators, fail to meet customer expectations then it can
affect their arrivals in terms of accommodation, transportation and others.
These above can impact and hinder development of tourism sector. Here, government
need to play an effective role in achievement of goals and objectives. These issue can impact
sustainability of Croatia because of high cost, crimes and safety issues people does not make nay
plan to visit place. This can reduce value of those destination which create unemployment
problems, lack of business growth and others.
There are many factors that sometime helps to that sector to prosper to travel and tourism
sector and sometimes hinders towards growth. In that case consumers taste and preferences,
disposable income of consumers,trends in market and age group of people are various factors
that helps in evaluate various factors of market.
3.3 Different stages in planning for sustainability
There are various steps in planning for sustainability tourism development which are
described below:
Stage 1- This is considered as first step of planning process where long term and short
term plans are designed in better and effective manner. Such type of work is done by tourism
companies and planning is made as per objectives basis. This helps in achievement of goals and
objectives. Croatia should make both long term and short terms plans so that they can achieve
their set goals.
Stage 2- In this stage, corporation identify various stakeholders who can invest money in
tourism sector. As finance is main source that helps in development of sector which can be

gained from stakeholders. Croatia is highly preferred tourist destination so it is very essential for
it to identify stakeholders that can develop that place and provide benefits to investors.
Stage 3- It is another important stage where there places are decided for development.
This includes natural beauty, heritages sites, parks, museums and others which helps in attracting
large number of tourists. With help of stakeholder money, Croatia can develop their site, natural
beauty and parks to attract large number of tourists.
Stage 4- In this step, there is identification of issues, threats which impact performance
and better plan is designed by corporation. If any issues in found then Croatia should improve
performance by making better plans and policies to increase large number of tourists.
Stage 5- This is step where organisation find issues that arise while doing development
and design strategies for resolving them. The strategies should be made for issues found in step 5
so that development can be done in better and effective manner.
Stage 6- It is last stage where planned policies and strategies are applied in better and
effective manner in order to solve problems. The made plans and policies should be implemented
by Croatia in better manner considering about present and future needs of tourist.
TASK 4
4.1 Methods of resolving a conflict of interests to ensure the future well-being of a developing
tourism destination
In each and every sector, conflict arises which reduce profitability and productivity.
Different issues arises related with government, tourist developer and others. In this case,
appropriate decisions should be taken in order to identify issues and resolves them. They can
make collaboration with other for better formulation of plans, policies and strategies in order to
manage and control conflicts (Miller and et. al., 2010). This lead to tourism enhancement which
generates high interest, revenues in future. As Croatia government should take initiative in
resolving conflicts and promoting development of tourism. The methods which helps in future
development are given below:
Mediation- It is method which is used for solving issues and problems of tourism
development. In this procedure, middle path takes decisions that provide benefits to both private
and public industries. The government of Croatia need to promote local authority and

encouraging them through employment opportunities to large number of people for doing job in
tourism sectors such as accountant, guide, secretary.
Negotiation- It is another method for resolving conflict in tourism developing
destination. Through this method, wildlife, hotel get developed. In negotiation, all private, public
and government cooperate with each other and make discussion regarding solving of issues
(Morrison, 2013). They can arrange meeting where idea presentation can be done and selected
best one.
There are various ways to resolve conflicts to ensure well being and work in self interest
of people by giving health and safety to consumers and negotiate with them in proper way. It can
also be possible by developing products and services as per need of consumers taste and
preferences. In case of Croatia it focus on giving best services to consumers who take interest to
visit that place so that economy can be developed in better manner.
4.2 Implications of balancing supply and demand
Demand is defined as requirement of goods and services needed for developing tourism
sector. Similarly, supply is defined as how much market can offer to consumers. There should be
proper balance among demand and supply of goods and services. Further, it is essential for
industries to properly determine demand before supplying it in market. In case of travel and
tourism sector, there should be proper coordination among each other for getting best outcome.
As per demand of package of travel and tourism sector, there is supply of it. The goods and
services need to be framed as per demand of goods and efforts should be made in completing or
achieving results in better manner (Ooi and Laing, 2010). The internal and external surrounding
of Croatia need to be examine in order to get good results after observing their pros and cons
aspects and competitors and making proper action in result achievement. Thus, for balancing
supply and demand, there should be proper evaluation of consumers’ demand and accordingly
supply service delivery of tour operators for them.
4.3 Evaluate the moral and ethical issues of enclave tourism
Travel and tourism is one of the most important sector in the world that contributes a lot
in organisation as well as for an individual. But they face some moral ad ethical issues that
hinders their self interest. As that report based on Croatia related to travel and tourism industry
that in some manner not developed and lot of defects. This create problem for Croatia to increase
number of tourist because of improper treatment to them. Similarly, ethical issues can be related

with social inequality, economic prosperity and others. If Croatia does not fulfils need and
requirement of people then it has to lose their value and goodwill from market. These issues are
common for all tourist destination. In that case they have to focus on these sectors to attain better
results in proper way and by adopting various kinds of laws and regulations helps to bring
equality in organisational goals and objectives
TASK 5
5.1 Compare current issues associated with tourism development in a developing country and an
emerging destination where the impacts of tourism are different
In given scenario, Croatia and Columbia are different countries suffering from issues
which comes at market place in creating hurdle in profitability and economic stability of country.
The different kinds of issues are evaluated and appropriate solution is found for it to get effective
outcome.
Issues Croatia Columbia
Social Issues There are different issues which
hinder self interests such as crimes,
murders, discrimination that affect
profitability. For this, government
should take initiative steps and
actions to resolve problems.
It is renowned destination for tourist
but rise in unfair and terrorism
practices create effect on
profitability and business. Thus, in
order to remove such issues, steps
should be taken for positive
outcome (Aldebert, Dang and
Longhi, 2011).
Economic Issues Croatia has low money for
investment in different sites, parks,
cultural heritages and other for
improving. Thus, in this case it
should search for those investor or
stakeholders who can invest funds
in Croatia in order to develop place
and increase more number of
The people of Columbia has low
liquidity power and inappropriate
financial statements that can impact
profitability. If proper planning and
controlling in such issues they
problems can be solved.

tourists.
Environmental
Issues
Croatia faces issues related with
environment in terms of pollution,
hot weather and gases.
There are enough resources in
Colombia such as capital, land,
labour but there is no proper
utilisation of those which can
impact environment.
From the above table it has been summarised that there are various kinds of issues that
face by an countries that depends on their economic, social and environment conditions that
differ from country to country and impacts a lot on it .
5.2 Recommendations for future development of tourism in both destinations
There are various plans, policies and strategies which can helps in getting better solution
to problems which has created hurdle in progress and development of Croatia. The resources
should be optimally utilised for better and effective results. Different legal authorities has
formulated rules and regulations related with tax payments, exchange rates and others to get
solution to problems. The stakeholder of respective destination plays effective role in finding
solutions and cooperating among operators for achievement of goals and objectives.
Similarly, in case of Colombia, different issues have been arise due to which tourist
visiting decline as from past year. The government plays an effective role in formulating safety
and security of tourists so that they can freely come and visit places. The facilities should be
provided in terms of restaurants, hotels, transportation and infrastructure.
CONCLUSION
From above report, it can be summarised that travel and tourism industry plays an
effective role in economic contribution and development of countries and providing them with
employment opportunities. As it is necessary to maintain relationship among public-private
sectors so that consumer get good services which helps in providing satisfaction to them. The
stakeholder provides services and coordinate with traveller to fulfils their need and demand. It
also present important of sustainability in corporation and factors help to retain it. Government
take initiative in reducing and solving conflict arise in organisation in order to achieve goal and
objectives.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Aldebert, B., Dang, R. J. and Longhi, C., 2011. Innovation in the tourism industry: The case of
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Ashworth, G. and Page, S. J., 2011. Urban tourism research: Recent progress and current
paradoxes. Tourism Management. 32(1). pp.1-15.
Bramwell, B., 2011. Governance, the state and sustainable tourism: A political economy
approach. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 19(4-5). pp.459-477.
Buckley, R., 2012. Sustainable tourism: Research and reality. Annals of Tourism Research.
39(2). pp.528-546.
Carlsen, J. and Butler, R. eds., 2011. Island Tourism: Towards a Sustainable Perspective (Vol.
8). CABI.
Castellani, V. and Sala, S., 2010. Sustainable performance index for tourism policy
development. Tourism management. 31(6). pp.871-880.
Choi, H. C. and Murray, I., 2010. Resident attitudes toward sustainable community tourism.
Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 18(4). pp.575-594.
Dabphet, S., Scott, N. and Ruhanen, L., 2012. Applying diffusion theory to destination
stakeholder understanding of sustainable tourism development: a case from Thailand.
Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 20(8). pp.1107-1124.
Hall, C. M., 2011. Policy learning and policy failure in sustainable tourism governance: From
first-and second-order to third-order change?. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 19(4-5).
pp.649-671.
Hunter, C., 2012. Aspects of the sustainable tourism debate from a natural resources perspective.
Sustainable tourism. A global perspective, edited by R. Harris, P. Williams, T. Griffi n,
New York: Routledge, pp.3-23.
Miller, G. and et. al., 2010. Public understanding of sustainable tourism. Annals of tourism
research. 37(3). pp.627-645.
Morrison, A. M., 2013. Marketing and managing tourism destinations. Routledge.
Ooi, N. and Laing, J. H., 2010. Backpacker tourism: sustainable and purposeful? Investigating
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Robinson, P., Heitmann, S. and Dieke, P.U. Eds., 2011. Research themes for tourism. CABI.
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Online
Stakeholders in tourism development. 2025. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.howandwhat.net/stakeholders-tourism-development/>.