Sustainable Tourism Development Assignment : Egypt

Sustainable Tourism
Development

INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Task 1...............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Discuss how stakeholders can benefit from planning of tourism developments with
reference to Egypt...................................................................................................................1
1.2 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of public/private sector tourism planning
partnerships with reference to Egypt......................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
2.1 Analyse features of tourism development planning at different levels with reference to
Egypt.......................................................................................................................................4
2.2 Evaluate the significance of interactive planning systems and processes in tourism
development with reference to Egypt.....................................................................................5
2.3 Evaluate different methods available to measure tourist impact with reference to Egypt.5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
3.1 Justify the introduction of the concept of sustainability in tourism development with
reference Egypt.......................................................................................................................6
3.2 Analyse factors that may prevent/hinder sustainable tourism development with reference
to Egypt..................................................................................................................................7
3.3 Analyse different stages in planning for sustainability with reference to Egypt..............7
Task 4...............................................................................................................................................8

4.1 Evaluate methods of resolving a conflict of interests to ensure the future wellbeing of a
developing tourism destination such as Egypt.......................................................................8
4.2 Analyse the implications of balancing supply and demand with reference to Egypt.......9
Demand..................................................................................................................................9
4.3 Evaluate the moral and ethical issues of enclave tourism in Egypt.................................9
TASK 5..........................................................................................................................................10
5.1 Compare current issues associated with tourism development in a developing country and
an emerging destination where the impacts of tourism are different...................................10
5.2 evaluate, with recommendations, the future development of tourism in these destinations
..............................................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Sustainable Tourism includes strong commitment to environment, social responsibility
and integration of local people. This sector effectively indulges in the fulfilment of meeting
present tourists needs while protecting and enhancing future opportunity. Sustainable tourism
efficiently manage all resources in order to fulfil needs related to aesthetic, economic and social
while maintaining biological diversity, essential ecological processes, life support system and
culture integrity (Buckley, 2012). Present report has been conducted on, Tourism organisation
and governance in Egypt. As The Ministry of Tourism, Egyptian Tourism Authority ( ETA)
along with Tourism Development Authority (TDA) frame policies and establish legal and
regulatory framework for tourism development. In this report, formative discussions has been
made on, manner in which stakeholders get benefit from tourism development planning in
context with Egypt. In addition with this, advantages and disadvantages of private and public
sector, different issues, recommendations for tourism future development is covered in this
report. In addition with this project covers methods with the help of which conflicts can be
effectively resolved in best effective manner.
Task 1
1.1 Discuss how stakeholders can benefit from planning of tourism developments with reference
to Egypt
Tourism is process in which individuals travel from one geographical place to other in
order to feel the pleasure. In context in economic terms, tourism is a form of business activity in
which attraction of tourists from different locations are gathered in order to make them visit host
country.
Tourism in Egypt
Tourism acts as an most important element in Egypt and it effectively share prominent
part of country economy. This sector effectively contributes up to 5.40 % in GDP growth rate in
Egypt economy. In addition with this it has been evaluated that estimated amount of 9 million
tourist visited country last year while on the first half of 2019 this ratio has been predicted up to
6 million. In addition with this Egyptian tourism organisations offer different attractive
programmes to tourists that include, beach tourism and classical tourism. In this, campaign
begins directly when tourists arrives at Egyptian airports. As per new research survey of WTTC
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it has been evaluated that travel & Tourism within Egypt effectively showcase remarkable
recovery in 2018 by becoming one of the quickest growing country within North Africa (Travel
& Tourism in Egypt shows immense strength and recovery in 2018, says new research by
WTTC, 2018). Egypt has wide range of attractive places that lead towards drawing tourist’s
attraction. Some of that rich biodiversities and places include beautiful mountains, islands,
beaches and historical spots, Nile Cruise, Western Desert and more. In addition with this, Egypt
is mainly famous for its heritage and culture. Along with this, Egyptian Tourism Authority
(ETA) lead towards pushing Egyptian tourism towards effective sustainable development
approach. For this they take advantage of some factors that include, Increasing regulatory
pressure, growing awareness in communities in relation to their potential to influence tourism
policy, growing awareness of cost savings and more.
(Source: Egypt GDP Growth Rate, 2019)
Benefits to stakeholders from planning of tourism development
Tourism industry include stakeholders in different form such as, national government,
local members of civil society, group that are involved on private business of providing
transportations, accommodations and more. There are different types of benefits that can be
overjoyed by stakeholders of tourism industry. One of the major benefits that are enjoyed by
stakeholders is economic benefit. It has been seen that tourism effectively contributes in Egypt
GDP for that it has been ascertained that economic growth of country is mainly depend on
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Illustration 1: Egypt GDP Growth Rate

tourism sector. For this, it is essential to make planning of tourism in best effective manner as to
develop country employment growth. Tourism sector also contributes effectively in employment
opportunities. Thus, tourism acts as a major pillar for country overall growth.
1.2 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of public/private sector tourism planning
partnerships with reference to Egypt.
Public and Private Partnership:
In this, there is a partnership among local and private tourism service providers and
government tourism organisations. Within this collaboration formative planning and
achievement of goals in context with sustainable development in Egypt is undertaken.
Partnership effectively aid both to integrate their business functions in best effective manner and
provide support on simultaneous base.
Advantages of public/ private partnership
Better infrastructure solutions:
If both segments perform their work together, them it may lead towards merging
activities in best as to gain more developmental end results. Therefore, it becomes essential to
integrate public and private sector tourism in order to effectively integrate activities in best
effective form.
Faster project completion:
With the help of partnership task and project can be accomplished early than its actual
deadline. As when there is an equal participation of both sector integration of more
developmental ideas, practices and innovation can be measured. Along with this financial
support also facilitate in this that lead towards high rate of return.
Examples
Egyptian Government initiate PPP which is linked with private public partnership as to
effectively fix country impaired roads and airports. It also help in raising requirement of fund
with the help of which project can be easily competes.
Disadvantages of Public/ Private Partnership
 One of the biggest elements that may acts as a one of the biggest disadvantage is cost of
bidding as sometime there is a difficulty to effectively decide cost of bidding.
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 Another biggest disadvantage is less number of private participations form private sector
that may hamper initiation of participation among government organisation and private
sector tourism sector.
TASK 2
2.1 Analyse features of tourism development planning at different levels with reference to Egypt
Nature of Tourism Planning in Egypt
Tourism in Egypt holds prominent promise which is to increase income opportunities by
offering employment opportunities in well effective way. Egypt has wide range of cultural and
heritage places. Major challenge which is hold by country is to effectively maintain sustainable
tourism. For this planning acts as one of the most effective and only tool with the help of which
this challenge can be overcome. By planning tourism development within which proper mapping
out of approaches and process with the help of which country social, environmental and political
benefits can be advanced.
Tourism Planning at Different Levels
Tourism planning includes different type of level with the help of which formative goals
can be effectively accomplished. Mentioned below there are some features of tourism planning:
International Level: This form of tourism involves tourists from international level those who
visit place form outside of country. In this it is essential to develop plan as with the help of which
foreign exchange rate can be effectively increase. In this planning may include for improving
facilities related to tourism.
National Level: In this level, business which is involved is form domestic and national tourists.
At this level tourist from same country visit place. It is mainly a method to earn from domestic
tourists. In this major developmental concern is on major routes along with services of
accommodation. For this short term planning is undertaken to satisfy tourist.
Regional Level: In this, there is a involvement in tourism for only a particular region in a
country. Main motive of this is to, develop location of attractions along with proper
accommodation facilities and transport facilitation.
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2.2 Evaluate the significance of interactive planning systems and processes in tourism
development with reference to Egypt.
There are numerous form of approaches with the help of which tourism development
approaches can be effectively attained. Mentioned below there are some approaches that are
discussed below:
Boosterism: It is mainly a planning approach with the help of which effective
stimulation of tourism is done as to increase economic base of country. Boosterism only consider
economic development rather than on sustainable practices. This approach only taken into
consideration when politicians think that economic growth is superior for development.
Conventional: It mainly consider reactive approach of planning. In this planning termed
as an essential element for improvement when there is a requirement.
Integrated Planning: In this approach major focus is on the process of continuous
planning within which there is an involvement of innovations and modifications as per according
to change. Integrated planning acts as a most significant tool with the help of which dynamic
challenges can be effectively overcome.
Supply-led: In this approach major focus is on improving those places which tourists
found most attractive.
Market-led: This approach is used to undertake in order to make effective improvement
and development in tourism. Market led approach effectively lead towards developing marketing
strategies along with improvement of locations in order to make them as one of the effective
tourists attractions.
2.3 Evaluate different methods available to measure tourist impact with reference to Egypt.
Need to measure the tourist impact
In order to facilitate tourism impact as to effectively evaluate improvement level in
tourism industry. With the help of measuring impacts provisions that exist within change can be
effectively valued. This will further help in making strategies as per according to the current data
and trend. In addition with this positive and negative aspect of tourists upon local communities
can also be effectively able to measure.
Methods of Measurement:
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Cambridge Economic Impact Model: Main aim of this model is to calculate value of
tourism within local economies. With the help of this model many local authorities can
effectively accomplish their outcomes as this is affordable.
Limitation: There are some limitations which are linked with this model; major
limitation is that it requires various data sources for which there are a requirement to consider
many criteria. In addition with this, those trips are not considered that are made outside of area.
STEAM model: This model, The Scarborough Tourism Economic Activity Monitor
model mainly focus towards day visitors along with those who stay. In this model data can be
extracted from four inputs that include, bed stock, attendance at attractions, information on
occupancy percentage and tourism information centre. All these data acquired from each month.
Pro Poor Tourism ( PPT): It is mainly a tourism approach that will effectively lead
towards generating net benefits for poor. PPT approach considers development of policies that
will help towards improving tourism along with providing benefits to poor.
TASK 3
3.1 Justify the introduction of the concept of sustainability in tourism development with
reference Egypt
Sustainable tourism development: It refers to the development of the tourism industry in
the present scenario without harming the environment and ruining the opportunities for future.
Sustainable development in the tourism sector supports the country to maintain the balance in
social, ecological, environmental aspects.
Benefits of sustainable development:
 Maintain ecological balance
 Conservation of cultural and traditional values
 Conservation of flora and fauna
 Clean and healthy environment
 Raises standard of living
 Cultural awareness and integration
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3.2 Analyse factors that may prevent/hinder sustainable tourism development with reference to
Egypt
Factors that hinder sustainable development:
 Excessive use of resources
 Waste of resources
 Exploitation of the non-renewable energy
3.3 Analyse different stages in planning for sustainability with reference to Egypt
Local government: Local government helps in making the plans for the sustainable
development for the local tourist attractions.
Tourism operators: Tourist operators are the one who makes the use of resources
effectively in order to serve the best quality survives to the customers
Tourism organizations: These are the organization that focuses on making the policies
that argues about maintaining the sustainability in the development process.
Stages of planning:
Background analysis: the first stage that needs to be considered is the analysis of the
environmental background as well as the tourism background of the country.
Development of strategies: Strategies need to be developed according to the analysis.
Implementation: Implementation of these strategies required the involvement of the
above discussed elements.
Control: The regulatory authorities should keep proper check on the activities and process.
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Task 4
4.1 Evaluate methods of resolving a conflict of interests to ensure the future wellbeing of a
developing tourism destination such as Egypt
Conflict of interest occur mainly due to difference arise in between interest of two parties
that are engaged together. Situation of conflicts may also arise because of so many stakeholders
involvement. In context with tourism Industries this sector has numerous stakeholders those who
engage in tourism development of Egypt while having their different interest. For example
government engage in these Industries as they want overall economy of country to increase while
on the other hand tour operators engage in these Industries as to increase their business growth.
Thus, it can be said that there are different types of industries who are engage in tourism sector
as to work in combined manner this lead towards creation of complex in between parties
mentioned below some of the contracts are define:
Tension between the partners if a plan is formulated in order to achieve a particular
objective it involves numerous planner in it. In context with Egypt there are many stakeholders
such as national government, local communities and local authorities who are engaged in this
planning process each and every unit has different perception and view in contact with tourism
this will look towards increasing conflicts between the planners.
Two operators there are different types of tour operators who work in the collaborative
manner with hotel those who offer accommodation facilities to customers In this conflicts arise
due to Hotel want to make their customer stay in hotel as want them to take advantage of all
facilities provided by Hotel, while on the other hand tour operators want customers to experience
tourist places as to increase their business growth.
Local communities this community plays a crucial role in tourism development planning as
because modification in this may affect those people who live nearby to that location.
Impact of conflicts
Social different parties engaged in tourism development that may lead towards impacting
social sector as increase in number of conflicts may ruin country image in front of their
International tourist.
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Economical those destinations who have conflicts in larger number may also lead towards
affecting earning capability that affect country overall rate of tourism as in this tourist don’t want
to visit those places who are facing who conflicting situations.
4.2 Analyse the implications of balancing supply and demand with reference to Egypt
Demand
It is basically a requirement of customers and quality and quantity of products which are
required by them. In context to tourism demand is a certain to be the total number of tourist those
who travel and want to travel a place. The demand of tourism can be increased with help of
various opportunities. Thus, it is important to attract tourist as to increase tourism demand it can
be increased with the help of measuring certain conceptions of complementary products. It has
been seen that rise in number of visitors increases requirement of bed and food in restaurants and
hotels of tourist some mainly depends on opportunity and season competition and tourist
attractionn.
Supply
In context with tourism supply include a mixture of overall attraction those are available
for tourist in a particular location or destination. All these destinations fulfil tourism demand in
well effective way. Tourism suppliers include attraction of destination hospitality sector and
transport sector. Egypt with their enormous cultural and historical Heritage have potential to
attract large number of customer base as increase in demand of visitors states that it country
successfully satisfy demands of tourist in Egypt. Tourism suppliers please whole by public
private relationship with the help of which proper supply of tourism to visitors are done.
4.3 Evaluate the moral and ethical issues of enclave tourism in Egypt.
Enclave tourism states as to effective offer services to customers by providing them all
inclusive services as to restrain local business to serve them. Within this enclave tourism avert
tourism growth in a nation and effectively encourage consumers to utilize the services that are
available in hotel for every stay. It has also been evaluated that enclave tourism contributes in
lesser ratio in country economy. This leads towards creating issues in between local communities
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and big beneficiaries that further affect survivability and economic growth. In addition with this,
moral issues seems to be also takes place an customers get less chance to interact with country
tourists spots and native environment. Enclave tourism saw high level of leakages within their
services as services serve by them related to food and other are the mixture of diverse culture.
Within hotels there is a less integration of host and guest that further leads towards complexity in
business operations.
TASK 5
5.1 Compare current issues associated with tourism development in a developing country and an
emerging destination where the impacts of tourism are different
The development of tourism plays a greater emphasis on generating revenue for raising
the economy of any country. In context with Egypt, that is under developed country has to
analyze the current recession as well the generating leads of financial source. Mention below is
some points which impacts on exploration of tourist industry:
Economical Factor: The traveling industry helps in raising the saving of an Egypt country. It
allows the tourist, who is very fond of visiting new places and willingly pay to view the natural
beauty across the globe (Bramwell and Lane, 2013).
Social-cultural Factor: There is different culture of every country. The tourist is very active in
knowing languages, religion, recent trends which the society of Egypt, has adopted in regards
with raising the standards of living. The foreign tourist are very enthusiastic in participating in
the activities that are been conducted in the traditions of a particular country.
Environmental Factor: The Egypt country is taking initiatives for creating a clean, green and
healthy environment. The governments have adopted various techniques for producing Eco-
friendly product and which will give positive emphasis on the health of consumers.
Tourism has different life cycle phases which has stages, the initial step includes the
goods which are offering to the tourist, the second phase revolves around the forecasting and
estimation of weather and quantity of potential traveler who can arrive to the destinations, the
third phase is very important which needs modification according to the trends in the industry.
The last phase give emphasis on attracting ample amount of visitors for visiting the locations.
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Tourism in Thailand Tourism in Egypt
Thailand comes under emerging country and
includes different types of tourist’s destinations
such as, flaura and fauna, resorts and hotels.
Egypt falls under developing nation category.
Major attraction in country includes historical
places, beauty of pyramids and culture.
Country has wide range of attractive places
that gain attention of visitors from all around
the world.
There are different types of accommodations,
hotels and resorts services that successfully
attract tourist’s attention in a affordable price
range.
Major issues that have been faced by country
include poor transportation and narrow roads.
Along with this terrorist attracts is one of the
major cause that restrict government to manage
tourism.
Major problem faced by country is that it has
expensive places that lead towards restricting
country shopping business.
5.2 evaluate, with recommendations, the future development of tourism in these destinations
Recommendations for Thailand
It is important for Thailand government to measure initiative steps in order to effectively
improve tourism in country. Some of that are mentioned below:
 Provision related to better facilitating effective transportation
 Preservation of country culture and heritage.
 Providing best effective services to tourists and for local people.
 Offering better services and facilities in terms of accommodations and convenient roads
and highways.
Egypt
 Egyptian Government is require to take formative initiative to put sign boards in common
language which is English so tourists can easily able to understand them.
 Government is require to offer more guide facilities to tourists.
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 In order to increase tourist’s rates government can offer shopping materials at cheap rates
as to make them affordable for large tourist’s base.
CONCLUSION
As per the above mentioned report it has been concluded that Sustainable Tourism termed as
a commitment to environment integration to local people and social community. In this it is
essential to conduct tourism industry by protect thing natural places why satisfied customers in
this report tourism in Egypt has been effectively define with the help of which this ratio can
further the increase. Along with this context with and planning of tourism are also covered in this
report along with this with their impact with the help of which for the by taking measure these
conflicts can be resolved.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Buckley, R., 2012. Sustainable tourism: Research and reality. Annals of tourism research, 39(2),
pp.528-546.
Mowforth, M. and Munt, I., 2015. Tourism and sustainability: Development, globalisation and
new tourism in the third world. Routledge.
Jamal, T. and Camargo, B.A., 2014. Sustainable tourism, justice and an ethic of care: Toward the
just destination. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 22(1), pp.11-30.
Gibson, H.J., Kaplanidou, K. and Kang, S.J., 2012. Small-scale event sport tourism: A case study
in sustainable tourism. Sport management review, 15(2), pp.160-170.
Ferguson, L. and Alarcon, D.M., 2015. Gender and sustainable tourism: reflections on theory and
practice. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(3), pp.401-416.
Stoddard, J.E., Pollard, C.E. and Evans, M.R., 2012. The triple bottom line: A framework for
sustainable tourism development. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism
Administration, 13(3), pp.233-258.
Bramwell, B. and Lane, B., 2013. Getting from here to there: Systems change, behavioural
change and sustainable tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(1), pp.1-4.
Hashemkhani Zolfani, S., Sedaghat, M., Maknoon, R. and Zavadskas, E.K., 2015. Sustainable
tourism: a comprehensive literature review on frameworks and applications. Economic research-
Ekonomska istraživanja, 28(1), pp.1-30.
Saarinen, J., 2014. Critical sustainability: Setting the limits to growth and responsibility in
tourism. Sustainability, 6(1), pp.1-17.
Gascón, J., 2015. Pro‐Poor Tourism as a Strategy to Fight Rural Poverty: A Critique. Journal of
Agrarian Change, 15(4), pp.499-518.
Richards, G. and Marques, L., Richards, G. and Marques, L., 2012. Exploring creative tourism:
Editors introduction.2012. Exploring creative tourism: Editors introduction.
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Online
Egypt tourism numbers surge after eight-year slump, but downturn leaves a lasting
mark[ Online]. 2019. Available Through<https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/egypt-
tourism-numbers-surge-after-eight-year-slump-but-downturn-leaves-a-lasting-mark-1.829583>
Travel & Tourism in Egypt shows immense strength and recovery in 2018, says new research by
WTTC[ Online]. 2018. Available Through<https://www.wttc.org/about/media-centre/press-
releases/press-releases/2019/travel-and-tourism-in-egypt-shows-immense-strength-and-recovery-
in-2018-says-new-research-by-wttc/>
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