Sweat-based Wearable Diagnostic Sensors from Nanoparticle (Doc)

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Sweat-based wearable diagnostic sensors from nanoparticle
Introduction
The use of sweat-based nanoparticle sensors has been in increase in the past decade. These
biosensors are used in the diagnosis of different chronic ailments. Some of the ailments
require continuous check of some key factors for the patients. These tests are sometimes
expensive and painful thus being considered stress intensive due to repetitive blood
collection1. This has led to researches on sweat-based nanoparticle biosensor to enhance the
diagnosis of the different ailments. This paper will look at the developments which have
taken place concerning sweat-based sensor and the way they have been able to help the
industry. The nanoparticle biosensors are used to enhance continuous monitoring of patients
health factors such as glucose content. The key process which is connected with the use of
the sweat-based wearable biosensors is the iontophoresis.
Literature review
In treatment of the chronic diseases, blood samples are mostly used. The drawing of the
blood is painful experience for the patients. Sweat-based wearable biosensors have been
developed to ensure continuous monitoring of health of the patients is done without the
painful experiences2. The sensors are able to allow measurement of different parameters such
as heart and respiratory rates or even blood pressure. The new sweat-based nanoparticle
biosensor is able to measure the composition of human sweat. These biosensors have two key
1 K. Takei W. Honda, S. Harada, T. Arie, and S. Akita, Toward flexible and wearable human-
interactive health-monitoring devices. Adv Healthc Mater 4(4), 2015, 487–500.
2 A.J. Bandodkar, and J. Wang Non-invasive wearable electrochemical sensors: a review
Trends Biotechnol., 32 (7), 2014, pp. 363-37

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parts which include a system of flexible sensors and microprocessor3. These microprocessor
sticks on the skin and are able to stimulate the sweat glands and then detect the composition
of the sweat. Electrical signals are used to detect the molecules and ions which are present on
the sweat. The sweat-based diagnostic sensors can also be used for monitoring the health
conditions of patients, drug developments and drug personalization. The use of sweat-based
biosensors is a non-invasive monitoring method used for monitoring the health conditions of
patients4. The sweat-based diagnostic nanoparticle biosensors are able to detect body factors
such as glucose and pH of body through the sweat analysis. The major method which is used
to stimulate the sweat secretion for this process is the iontophoresis. Through the sweat
secretions, the sweat-based diagnostic biosensor is able to continuously monitor the body
metabolites and electrolyte.
Figure 1: An example of sweat-based nanoparticle biosensor5
Methodology
3 P. M. Farrell, et al. Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis: Consensus guidelines from the Cystic
Fibrosis Foundation. J Pediatr 181S:S4–S15, 2017, p. 15-22.
4 D. P. Rose, et al. Adhesive RFID sensor patch for monitoring of sweat electrolytes. IEEE
Trans Biomed Eng 62(6), 2015, p.1457.
5 A. J., Bandodkar, I, Jeerapan and J., Wang. Wearable chemical sensors: Present challenges
and future prospects. ACS Sens. 1:, 2016, 464–482.