Business and Business Environment Project

This project examines the business environment of Sainsbury's, a leading UK supermarket chain. It analyzes different types of organizations, their size and scope, and the interrelationship of various organizational functions. The project also includes a PESTLE analysis, Porter's Five Forces model, and SWOT analysis to assess Sainsbury's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The content is available on Desklib, a website providing past papers and solved assignments for students.

BUSINESS AND BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P.1 Different types of organization.............................................................................................3
P2. Size and scope of different types of organization.................................................................4
P3. presenting different organizational functions and how they interrelate with each other......5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
P4. Pestle analysis of Sainsbury..................................................................................................6
P5. Analysis of Porter's five force model of Sainsbury..............................................................8
P6. SWOT Analysis of Sainsbury...............................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES .........................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Business environment plays an important role and affects the performance of an organization;
there are two types of environment that is micro and macro and both will affect the business
directly or indirectly. The whole report shows how internal and external factors affect the
environment of Sainsbury's. It is 2nd largest chain of supermarket having dairy shops and
groceries. The report shows different types of organization and their size and scope. It also
explains its organizational functions and how they help in better decision making. Report also
depicts its positive, negative impact on the environment and with the help of PESTLE and
SWOT analysis determine its impact on the performance of a company. It also explains its
porters five force model and strengths and weaknesses of a company. It also explains Sainsbury's
objective that is to provide good quality of product to the customers and it also explains its
mission with vision and its past performances. The report also explains its functional structure
and the inter relation between every part of a company.
TASK 1
P.1 Different types of organization
Slide 1
BUSINESS AND
BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENT

Slide 2
P1 Different types of
organization
Private organization:
 It is controlled by individual, not a part of government. The
basic means of this sector is to gain more profit.
 This type of firm have their own legal identity and this
usually includes both profit and non- profit corporations.
For example retail store, credit unions and local businesses.
 In this sector, activities are guided to earn more profit.
 Further it is dived into Sole traders, in this type of private
organization person simply sets up to provide goods for
profit, there is no legal formality require and sole trader is
responsible for day to day management.
 For example, storekeepers, plumbers etc

Slide 3
CONTD
Public organization:
 These type of organization are owned by the government.
 Its main aim is not to generate profit.
 To serve public, they get funds from taxes, fees and through
financial transfers. For example, education, electricity, gas
oil etc.
 sometimes the public sector will be a partner in private
sector to create public- private partnership.
 These type of relationship work together to jointly deliver a
service and product.
 The main purpose of these sector is to enhance the level to
this sector and encourage people for more trust.

Slide 4
CONTD
Voluntary sector:
 The purpose of this type of organization is to benefit and enrich society
without profit and no government interference.
 They help to create social wealth rather than material wealth. But it is
separate from public sector, there are many organization which are
tightly linked with governments in order to make programs successful.
 Examples are charities, foundations and social welfare programs. In
this type of sectors people work in profit and non- profit organization.
 In profit org, these are operated by private sector and there is no
interference of government.
 These are related to both legal and financial framework. Their operation
can be based in multiple sectors like fashion, technology etc whereas
Non- profit organization are set up not to gain profit they work for the
peoples.
 There work is not to generate profit for private companies but to work
for public benefits.

Slide 5
CONTD
Legal Sectors:
 These type of sectors are completely bound with
laws and regulations.
 Government plays important role in this sector
because state may pass any new rule it must be
follow in this sector.
 Courts are come in the legal sectors.
A group or a social unit which is structured and manged to meet a need of people and
these are affected by environment. In organizations, different activities are dived in members and
staff with their roles and responsibilities. There are many organizations which are mention
below:
Private organization: it is controlled by individual, not a part of government. The basic
means of this sector is to gain more profit. This type of firm have their own legal identity and
this usually includes both profit and non- profit corporations. For example retail store, credit
unions and local businesses. In this sector, activities are guided to earn more profit. Further it is
dived into Sole traders, in this type of private organization person simply sets up to provide
goods for profit, there is no legal formality require and sole trader is responsible for day to day
management. For example, storekeepers, plumbers etc
Public organization: these type of organization are owned by the government. Its main
aim is not to generate profit. To serve public, they get funds from taxes, fees and through
financial transfers. For example, education, electricity, gas oil etc. sometimes the public sector
will be a partner in private sector to create public- private partnership. These type of relationship

work together to jointly deliver a service and product (Eidizadeh, and et.al. 2017). The main
purpose of these sector is to enhance the level to this sector and encourage people for more trust.
Voluntary sector: the purpose of this type of organization is to benefit and enrich society
without profit and no government interference. They help to create social wealth rather than
material wealth. But it is separate from public sector, there are many organization which are
tightly linked with governments in order to make programs successful. Examples are charities,
foundations and social welfare programs. In this type of sectors people work in profit and non-
profit organization. In profit org, these are operated by private sector and there is no interference
of government. These are related to both legal and financial framework. Their operation can be
based in multiple sectors like fashion, technology etc whereas Non- profit organization are set up
not to gain profit they work for the peoples. There work is not to generate profit for private
companies but to work for public benefits.
Legal Sectors: these type of sectors are completely bound with laws and regulations.
Government plays important role in this sector because state may pass any new rule it must be
follow in this sector. Courts are come in the legal sectors.
P2. Size and scope of different types of organization
Slide 6
P2 Size and scope of different
types of organization
Private organization:
 These type of business are mostly depends on its share because
they are small as compared to other form of organization as they
having small shareholder.
 For example 50 shareholders in UK. These share cannot be
related to public traded that means private companies cannot list
their shares on stock exchange.
 In UK, at the time of incorporation at least one share issued but
there is no minimum capital requirement so set up new private
company.
 There are many small medium enterprise which support private
company in order to protect them from personal liability and
reduce personal risk and allow to raise the funds.
 The main scope of this sector is to reduce the small scale
industry's quality and enhances the relationship between
customers and private owners.

Slide 7
CONTD
Public sectors:
 They can sell their shares easily on stock exchange. Not like private
companies, there is need to invest some amount of capital
 for example $50,000 in UK. They must appoint two type of directors
and company secretary and can file their annual return in every 12
months i.e. closing of financial year.
 In UK, public companies cannot trade its share without trading
certificate and they must include public limited in their names.
 They have different types of share including ordinary shares,
preferences share and redeemable share.
 The main advantage of public sectors is that they raise finance through
sale of shares to the public.
 But on the other side it is not possible for small business because they
will not afford it and at last they struggle to raise finance elsewhere.
 The scope of this sector is to provide variety of services and protection
from the government . It also manages government owned industry and
regulate private industries.

Slide 8
CONTD
Voluntary sectors:
 charities and foundations are divided in many sub group that is less
than 10,000 are named as micro charities, between 10,000 to 100,000
called small charities, range between 10,000 to 1 million known as
medium charities, 1 million to 10 million are named as large charity and
more than 10 million are known as major charity.
 These are the different types of charity and voluntary organization
conducts lot of activities it may in grouped or sub-sectors or in industry.
 Different activities are held on international and national level in order
to creates interest to take part in charity functions. In reality many
organizations take participating in multiple activity for their benefits.

Slide 9
CONTD
Legal Sectors:
 There is increment in the industry, over 600 industry are added.
 For example in Bureau of Labor Statistics issued that there are
around 1,128,200 people engaged in this company during
December.
 It includes lawyers, paralegals, secretaries in the legal service
employment report.
 In June, 2013 there is increase in service about 1.12 million and
1.13 million , roughly 50,000 new employees are engaged.
 Now in 2017, the data is slightly down because only 1,123,300
people are employed in legal sector while June marked a high,
with employing 1,130,700 in that month.

Slide 10
REFERENCES
Calabrese, M., and et.al. 2018. From Mechanical to Cognitive View: The
Changes of Decision Making in Business Environment. In Social
Dynamics in a Systems Perspective (pp. 223-240). Springer, Cham.
Hansen, M. W. and et.al. 2018. Coping with the African Business
Environment: Enterprise Strategy in Response to Institutional
Uncertainty in Tanzania. Journal of African Business. 19(1). pp.1-26.
Adegbite, O. E. and et.al., 2018. The Organisation Business Environment.
In Organisational Adaptations (pp. 11-26). Springer, Cham.
Private organization: these type of business are mostly depends on its share because they
are small as compared to other form of organization as they having small shareholder. For
example 50 shareholders in UK. These share cannot be related to public traded that means
private companies cannot list their shares on stock exchange. In UK, at the time of incorporation
at least one share issued but there is no minimum capital requirement so set up new private
company (Adegbite and et.al., 2018). There are many small medium enterprise which support
private company in order to protect them from personal liability and reduce personal risk and
allow to raise the funds. The main scope of this sector is to reduce the small scale industry's
quality and enhances the relationship between customers and private owners.
Public sectors: they can sell their shares easily on stock exchange. Not like private
companies, there is need to invest some amount of capital for example $50,000 in UK. They
must appoint two type of directors and company secretary and can file their annual return in

every 12 months i.e. closing of financial year. In UK, public companies cannot trade its share
without trading certificate and they must include public limited in their names. They have
different types of share including ordinary shares, preferences share and redeemable share. The
main advantage of public sectors is that they raise finance through sale of shares to the public.
But on the other side it is not possible for small business because they will not afford it and at
last they struggle to raise finance elsewhere. The scope of this sector is to provide variety of
services and protection from the government . It also manages government owned industry and
regulate private industries.
Voluntary sectors: charities and foundations are divided in many sub group that is less
than 10,000 are named as micro charities, between 10,000 to 100,000 called small charities,
range between 10,000 to 1 million known as medium charities, 1 million to 10 million are named
as large charity and more than 10 million are known as major charity. These are the different
types of charity and voluntary organization conducts lot of activities it may in grouped or sub-
sectors or in industry (Bohari, Hin and Fuad, 2017). Different activities are held on international
and national level in order to creates interest to take part in charity functions. In reality many
organizations take participating in multiple activity for their benefits.
Legal Sectors: there is increment in the industry, over 600 industry are added. For
example in Bureau of Labor Statistics issued that there are around 1,128,200 people engaged in
this company during December. It includes lawyers, paralegals, secretaries in the legal service
employment report. In June, 2013 there is increase in service about 1.12 million and 1.13 million
, roughly 50,000 new employees are engaged. Now in 2017, the data is slightly down because
only 1,123,300 people are employed in legal sector while June marked a high, with employing
1,130,700 in that month.
P3. Presenting different organizational functions and how they interrelate with each other
As Sainsbury's follow the hierarchical structure because there are people and employees
who take control of each department individually. Every person has their own responsibility, for
example managers must take care of their employees and see the work is completed on time or
not and above them, there are senior managers who look after whether they are doing their work
properly or not. Many departments are linked with each other and there are many people also
who look after everything (Adegbite and et.al., 2018). The main function of Sainsbury's is to
provide proper services to the customers and in retail department of Sainsbury's is responsible

for selling items to customers as it also have its sales representative in store who knows the basic
needs of customer.
There are various functional area of Sainsbury which are front office, production
department, sales and marketing, administration and research and development. These all are
interrelated with each other such that front office department will handle customers and make
them satisfy as per their need and requirements. Then comes production department who
produces the item as per the demand and requirements. After the production sales department
fixed the price and sell it into the market and marketing department let people understand about
the product offering and new discount offers if available. They also analyzes the consumption
power of item among people and tell latest demand of customers to the company which help to
maximizes profit as per the need. Then comes research and development department who
researches different types of product that help to make attract more number of people and
develop new strategies in order to increase selling power of a company. That is why this all
functions of Sainsbury are interlinked to each other.
The above functional area of Sainsbury are interrelate with each other. Such as Marketing
department interrelate with finance department, marketing department help to increase the sales
of a company through various promotional activity such as using websites, social media and
advertising process. This activity help to let people know about their new product and services.
As this department increases the sales power which directly affect finance department because as
the sales increases, profit will be maximizes and it will help to generate more revenue. Similarly,
research and development department interrelate with upper authority. R & D generate new ideas
and passes those ideas into upper authority and they try to implement those in the existing ones
in order to increase the sales and profit.
TASK 2
P4. Pestle analysis of Sainsbury
There are many macro external factors which affect the environment. As Sainsbury's is a
leading retail organization having 502 supermarkets and 290 stores and it is also affected by
external factors which are mentioned below:
Political Factors: there is great influence in the performance of Sainsbury in United
Kingdom. In present situation, the government and customers debts are too high in UK. The

attitude of customers creates a negative impact on business conditions. Its main aim is not to
operate business but to develop it continuously. The political factors are not favorable, but
Sainsbury has to offer great product quality at competitive price. Even Brexit have significant
implication for business which means that Qatar may affect the management operations and it
holds 26 percent stake in Sainsbury.
Increasing globalization is a challenge as well as an opportunity for Sainsbury. The
challenge will be to compete against its rivals and to provide best product with good quality. The
running investigation related to big four retailers in UK have some negative impact on the
environment of Sainsbury. Its has customers may create wrong allegation which can lead to
negative image in front of customers and they may be feeling cheated. For Sainsbury's, it is
difficult to follow the new rules and regulation which is made by government because it has
more than 1400 stores in the world. Due to this factors, supply and sales both are affected and as
a result its strength got affected.
Economic Factors: these factors affect demand, cost of product and price of
profitability. There are two factors which influence the economic condition of Sainsbury's that
are: growing unemployment and increase in food prices. As a result, the demand of Sainsburry
product will decreases and leads to turn in decrease the production of food product, again it will
increase in food prices and unemployment. But Sainsbury expands it market into new emerging
and therefore globalization will enable its operations to well manage the risk with economic
slows down.
According to Annual report of 2007, the credit crunch may decrease the purchasing
power of buyers and spend less on luxury items which sometimes may lead to greater profit
margin. Tough competition with other retail sector has lead to lot of incentives to customers to
attract them and encourages them to buy more and more products. Due to recession, the buying
power of customers affected and which lead to sudden decreases in the selling power. This
economic factors do affect the entire financial status of a company and also damage the brand
image in a market.
Social Factors: according to today's market, mostly people prefer one – stop shopping. It
means that they prefer to buy all products in single shop; they did not want to roam here and
there. Other than social factors such as female workplace, increase in population etc. resulted in
reduce in domestic meal making.

There is a growing demand pattern of many types of products. Sainsbury use its
marketing theme like Cook and Save which promotes easy to cook product and help customers
to make their budget stretch further. There is a demand in organic food because it will help in
increase in profit margin. As government keep focusing on healthy food products, Sainsbury has
an opportunity to promote healthy foods at cheaper rate than other company to get more benefit
and increases its sale. This social factor affect the strength of Sainsbury's by sudden change in
taste of customers which lead to decrease in customer base. The company has high number of
customers which is the strength of Sainsbury's but this social factor affect the customers buying
power.
Technological Factors: these factors have a positive impact on its environment. There is
continuous growth in online and web based operations. By doing online jobs, it helps the
organization to expand its area of growing demands. In year 2009, Sainsbury increases its online
food delivery services and there is continuously increment in its sales up to 25 percent and now it
is increased up to 88 percent (Calabrese and et.al., 2018). Sainsbury's also developed its self
checkout machines in order to solve the problem of queuing system and helped in boosting up
the sales. radio identification device is also used in supply chain of Sainsbury's because it may
lead to not note down the inventory for the supermarkets and gain more profit. The company has
Illustration 1: Pestle Analysis

weakness that it did not uses latest technologies in order to attract the customers that is why
technological factors affect the weaknesses of Sainsbury's.
Environmental Factors: every firm or organization has great pressure to keep the
environment safe. It affects both directly and indirectly. To keep the environment safe and
healthy, Sainsbury take an initiative to reduce, reuse, and recycle approach.
In this approach, it helps to manage all waste in effective manner, it also packages and
recycles. It also work to reduce their operations related to carbon footprints means it reduce
carbon up to 30% as it found 65 percent in 2005. It reduces by innovation in refrigerant gas
usage in trucks and transportation. It also plans various CSR activities in various fields for
protecting environment and making people live healthier lives. There is another ethical issue like
sale of organic food which clearly affects Sainsbury's, the growing importance of such issue will
create need of customer. Company has a weakness that it still did not take any initiative to make
environment eco friendly and they focus on sustainability and social responsibility, that is the
only reason that environmental factor affect the company's weakness
Legal Factors: government rules and regulations also create direct impact on the
performance of organization. A new rule was introduced in UK that is new tax applied on
advertising of fatty foods. Sainsbury's adapt this new tax in its product and also fill legal
requirements of government. If government changes its rules continuously then it makes more
difficult for growth of a business which creates negative impact on Sainsbury's. With new rules
and laws, Sainsbury's have to follow more packaging and labeling policies to deal with this, and
create more financial burden on company. Sudden change in tax rate influence the growth of
Sainsbury's because new government policies change the price of product and there is sudden
increase the cost of product which affect the position of the company in market and this affect
the brand image of company too.
P5. SWOT Analysis of Sainsbury
SWOT Analysis is done to know the strengths and weaknesses of a business and it also
examines its opportunities and threats which any company faces. Sainsbury is a retailing and
banking and financial service in Europe and United Kingdom. It also has strengths and its
weaknesses and opportunities and threats which are discussed below:

Strengths: in 1869, it is one of the small companies but now it becomes a long way
nationwide retailer with more than 1200 stores and it is count 2nd largest chain of supermarket in
the country. The biggest strength of Sainsbury is that it indicates the effectiveness of business
strategy which contributed in expanding its domestic market. Initially it is only a dairy shop but
now it is grown up in new departments like farm, bacon, and poultry and has lots of groceries.
The company achieved its growth in both non- food products and general business like
garments, kitchen etc. and there are more than 1400 Sainsbury's grocery stores in UK having
150,000 employees. This company is also famous for its best quality. Each Sainsbury store
usually stocks around 30,000 products and has their own labels. The company also recognizes its
strengths through internet, as it is having largest number of its online customers. It increases
online customers up to 20 percent per weekly. As having best quality of food product it gain
more attraction of people. The management of the shop is also best as half of the place is full
with food product and remaining space is filled with other product so that people can choose
according to their need. It also achieve many rewards regarding best food quality product this
will help to attract more customers and create brand image in UK.
Weaknesses: the scope of its business growth is reduced by having limited presence in
the global market. It means that if business faces problems related to its retailing sector in its
own country then it will not bear any loss. It also provides some limitations to expand its wide
range of customers (Song, Sun and Jin, 2017). In 2008, some technical problems were hanged
the online business and websites for 2 days which affected 10000 online shoppers and bear a big
amount of loss. This will affect the business growth and decline its profit margin and in the same
time it also affect on the availability of its online products.
Illustration 2: SWOT analysis

This technical fault affects online customers from making a buying decision. Sainsbury
leading its 4 supermarket chain in UK and still it have 16 closed stores and there has been a fall
in its sales because of lack in advertising and there will be loss in its financial position. In May
2017, Sainsbury posted 8.2 percent decline in its profit margin. Many retailers in UK also faced
difficult time because of brexit. Installation of self bills is a great failure for Sainsbury and also
reduces the effectiveness of its customer service strategies and ability to determine their demands
and needs. This would create a negative impact on customer's satisfaction and in developing
brand loyalty. It is also failure in providing online services to its customers and as a result it
affect the buying decision power of customers.
Opportunities: there are many opportunities for Sainsbury to expand its market
especially in China, India, Brazil etc. because they all have large population and a wide market.
Having large population will reduce the cost of price as having plenty of labor and due to low
cost of price, people will attract more towards the product and sales will be increases. To open its
new unit, should be minimizing its overall expenditure (Eidizadeh, and et.al. 2017). It would be
enable for an organization to gain competitive advantages in terms of higher market share.
Establishing retail store in a market will help to increase the demands of such product and result
in adding more profit to its sales. Having no rivals will also help in establishing good foothold.
Sainsbury have another opportunity in digital marketing, with an increase in online shopping
facility in UK, it helps the customer's to shop at their convenience. People can reach out the
brand product online as they are present in physical store. To minimizing complete expenses
incurred during production would help to invest more in opening new channels and this would
help in attracting more number of customers on international level.
Threats: biggest threat of Sainsbury is competition. It offers many discounts in order to
attract customers but in that case they may not provide its best quality and sale the product in
cheap rate and lead to face financial loss in the market. The rise in living cost of people will
force UK to reduce their spending and in such situation Sainsbury attract customers through
discount on many products so that it will help to attract more number of customers. If for any
reason, customers are not happy with Sainsbury then they may go to other stores for purchasing.
Sainsbury's food products are also affected by global increase in food price and which lead to sell
its product at high rates. In the competitive market, there is a threat for Sainsbury to maintain its

quality with prices. To deal with every situation, the company either reduces the price or the
quantity or may introduce new product by replacing old ones.
P6. Strength and weakness interrelate with external macro factor
External factor such as political factor, legal and government policies affect the
effectiveness of business while strength and weaknesses of Sainsbury has direct relation with
their business. Company has good image in market because of low prices of their product.
Sainsbury's has good financial status as compared to its rivals because of political factors and
government laws and rules. Generally those macro factors affect the decision making power of
company and which lead to increase in customers base. Now a days, people and companies focus
on environmental factor and they try to make environment eco friendly but Sainsbury's is still did
not take any initiatives for the welfare of environment, Which directly interrelate with
environmental factors. Strength of a company generally help to take better decision for the
welfare of company but on the other side weakness such as threats affect the functional areas of
company in adverse manner. Generally, strength and weaknesses of Sainsbury's do affect the
working functional area and in the contrary macro factors affect whole geographical region of
Sainsbury's which is operated by it.
Both strength and weaknesses and external macro factors are interrelate with each other.
Macro factors of company affect the business internally as well externally, they directly affect
the financial status of a company. Sainsbury's did not uses all the new technologies into their
work place which directly affect the social factors, as the taste changes in the new working
lifestyle of people which create a demand of using all new technologies but the company did not
implement it which somehow affect the buying power of customers.
CONCLUSION
The above report focus the environment of Sainsbury that how it is affected internally
and externally. From above, it is concluded that macro environment will cause the change in the
performance of business and may create positive and negative effect. As Sainsbury is also
develop day by day by providing its best quality of product and completing the need of
customers and doing online business which is best method to attract customers towards it. The
whole report deals with strengths and weaknesses of Sainsbury and also presents Porters Five
Force Model which helps in decision-making process of a company. The report also explained its

political, social, technological, economical and environmental factors and their influence on the
growth of a company. It also presented some different organizational functions which helped to
know about company's objective and structure. From above report, it is concluded that macro
factors influence the growth and development of a company and may be overcome by other
techniques. The report also focused on some macro factors that the company should follow and
make strategies in order to sustain in its position and to grow more in the field of retail market.

REFERENCES
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analysis. European Journal of Higher Education, pp.1-15.
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what is business environment. 2018. Available through
:<https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-business-environment-definition-factors-
quiz.html>.
Pestle analysis. 2018. Available through: <http://pestleanalysis.com/what-is-pestle-analysis/>.