Symbols of the French Revolution Entry

This entry discusses the symbols of the French Revolution including Le Marseillaise, Bastille Day, Marianne, Maximilien Robespierre, Marie Antoinette, and Charlotte Corday. It explains the significance of each symbol and their role in the revolution.

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Galileo's Daughter Book Response
Who was Maria Celeste and how Sobel's use of her in center of the story change my
understanding of Galileo?
Maria Celeste Galilei was a nun.She was born in 1600 and died in 1634 in Virginia Galilei.
Maria Celeste was a daughter of Galileo Galilei who was an Italian scientist.Her mother was
known as Marina Gamba (Eppinga & Huizinga, 2017). Sobels used the characters of Maria
Celeste Galilei to convey important information. Sobels have tried to discuss how the Galilei
cared for her daughter. Also, Sobels includes virtues such as brilliance, industry, and
sensibility which helped in defining the schism between the Catholic religion and science.
What surprised me about Galileo Daughter?
I was surprised by the Maria Celeste personality and accomplishment of the 17th clash with
catholic religion which continued to define the entire schism between religion and other
fields.
Strengths and weaknesses of sobels books
The strength in Sobel's books is that they have a pleasing tale for domestic affection which
helps in humanizing a great man (Todorov, 2016). This letter adds poignancy to any awful
persecution in a society. Therefore they teach that we should not give up despite the complex
situation of either religion or science. The weakness is that unfamiliar readers can’t fully
interpret the tale.Sobels meaning is not well displayed and therefore scholars struggle a lot to
understand. The book is also old-fashioned.
The image of Galileo from the pages.
Galilei s seen as an intellectual hardworking person who is free and transparent.

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Maria Celeste relationship with religion communicates how nun can handle a complex
situation as seen in the field of science (Fantoli, 2011). Despite the trial going badly Celeste
also fights to buoy the astrometry sprits as indicated in the letters. The assessment displayed
by Maria Celeste shows the mighty powers of religion over the science.
Galileo relationship with Catholic Church and his comparison with the Martin Luther
Maria Celeste relationship with the church is argued based on the responsibility of a nun in a
church. She is described as a woman of exquisite mind, a woman of positive perspectives and
above all someone to be attached with (Stalcup, 2015). Comparing Maria Celeste with Martin
Luther then one identifies a lot of deviations. Martin came to reject those practices which
were highly supported by Maria Celeste. He rebukes the indulgence of Roman Catholic
Church.He said that eternal life and salvation are earned from God's grace.
The relationship between science and religion at the reign of Galileo.
The Galileo approach to both science and religion brings some deviation. Different scholars
have indicated that Galileo approach to science and religion were partly wrong as compared
to the current approach (Paul, 2017). Galileo was right in asserting the mobility in some
components of the solar system and wrong in asserting the immobility of the sun in-universe.
His views such as speaking on the matter of faith conform to the today's approach in religion.
Church did not rush to the views of Galileo because they were identified to be wrong. He
believed that the sun was both a fixed center for both the entire universe and the solar system
(Raphael & Raphael, 2017).
How major events in the history of Europe corresponds with Galileo's daughter.

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European history is marked with a number of events such as Renaissance and protestant
reformation. All these events conform to the Galileo's discussion in sense that they all
focused to induce a change which was to bring new idealism that will remain in Europe for
the future benefit. Just as in the Galileo story all these movements were to touch every corner
of the earth thus a new transformation (Perkowitz, 2011). The understanding from the
movement is on the dangers of ignorance and bigotry in a nation. Those who supported these
movements emerged as winners as the same in Galileo and Maria Celeste.
Germany –Memories of a Nation Book /Audio Response
What is Germany? What is the German nation? What is the nation?
German is a country found in central and Western Europe. It is the second populous country
in Europe after Russia (Teo, 2013). It's lying between the North Sea and Baltic to the north
end while the southern part is towards the Alps. The German nation is the unification of
German states which formed the German Empire in 1871. The nation is defined as the large
number of people united for common culture, history, and language.
The distinction between Germany and how it is different from other European nations.
According to MacGregor German history has been characterized by a number of events
which have facilitated to change the history of German (Teo, 2013). It has undergone a series
of the event such as; German at BC, German in AD and lastly German in the modern world.
All these events induced a profitable change in the history of German. German is unique
compared to other European nation in different ways. First, the economy for German is high
as compared to other nations in Europe. In Europe, some nations are staggering on the issue
of unemployment while in German the level of unemployment is low.MacGregor also points
the changing borders in German which makes it distinct (Teo, 2013).

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Description of MacGregor, the meaning of memories, analysis of historical methods and
why MacGregor rejected the narrative
The series for MacGregor is a collection of the juxtaposition for the authoritarianism and
aspect of humanism which was highly embraced in German. He describes ideas, people and
the powerful aspects such as printing press in German (Riddell, 2014). By dissecting the title
used by the MacGregor then it's clear that German has undergone a number of series which
marked a history for the nation. Macgregor used more than 30 different objects so as to
describe the emergence of the German nation. By using the term memories in his book he
tried to reveal the entire history which included humanism and authoritarianism. Memories
are symbols of the historical eras and events German faced up to date. From the work of
MacGregor, I can analyse the history of German by emphasizing on both modern and urban
era in German history.MacGregor rejected the narrative approach because it did not focus on
keeping high minded strategies in German (Riddell,2014). He said that he was less concerned
with the rural and provincial eras in German since they could not result in positive effects in
the nation. Therefore, MacGregor had to reject the narrative approach and then follow the
modern urban era which could be beneficial in German.
Important memories that shape Germany nation.
The important memories that shape German include three events in German history.
Memories generally indicate the disjointed part of history in German which emphasized the
power in German and other Europeans countries (Blackbourn & Evans, 2014). There are also
on the study of the objects and reflections described by the MacGregor about the history of
German. The fragmentation of German lands marked memories which impeccably influenced
the transformation of history nation.

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Extend at which MacGregor belief tend to shape Germany memories of the nation.
MacGregor belief gives a direction to the development and shape of German as a nation. The
tales and the living styles of people and different objects are the guiding factors for the
development of various fields in German (Blackbourn & Evans, 2014).MacGregor calls for
understanding in German that he says that the little we have determines the future of a nation.
By writing about the painters, poets, prophets and appreciating the importance of stories and
food people take in German then he emphasizes on the aspect of unity which gears the
development of German as a nation.
The response of the war in Germany and its effects according to MacGregor.
Memories of war try to caution German as a nation on the effects of peace instability within
the nation. German had experienced a lot of urban destruction in the past an issue which was
catalyzed by the presence of war (Iggers, 2011). The memories of war tend to preach the
same analogy emphasized by the MacGregor in his book. He shows that it will be
problematic to recover to the same potential after German has indulged into the aspect of war.
The landscape will have scarred urban piles an issue which will cause a drawback in the
history of German.
The role of Holy Roman Empire to MacGregors account
Was to provide the religious aspects thus promoting the understanding of bishoprics language
in religion.
What surprised me about Germany.Memories of the nation?
I was surprised by how MacGregor used to emphasize on the aspect of uniqueness in
German. It's surprising how the memories have been linked with just normal objects we see

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in German and places which always resonate in German such as the press and Meissen
porcelain which indicates the tales German (Iggers,2011).
Analyzing the two chapters that are engrossing.
Some of the chapters written by MacGregor seems to draw much attention. For example, the
chapter on the forest and its places are much engrossing on the imagination in German
(Blackbourn,2014). The chapters draw the fairy tales of work of Romantic painters and the
Grimm Brothers in German. MacGregor emphasizes on the importance of forest. The other
aspect is the use of objects which included things we could expect in German. This is quite
interesting whereby MacGregor has tried to impart positive knowledge to the people in
German by appreciating on small objects such as monuments and printing press.
Symbols of the French Revolution Entry
Symbols for the French revolution were used to mark the main features of the revolution and
enhance public support and identification. The following symbols were used in the French
revolution.
The Le Marseillaise. This symbol became the national anthem for the French (Shaw, 2011).
The song was first written by the Claude Joseph and then legally passed by the French
national convention. The information on the song indicates the steps of revolution incurred in
the history of French. The revolution is well displayed through the melody and the lyrics
which made it popular. The entire theme in the anthem song is to call for the soul and the
enthusiasm of the people of French.
The Bastille Day. This symbol is all about the special holiday in French (Shaw, 2011). The
national day in French is always celebrated on 14th July each year. This holiday marks the
remembrance for the storming of the Bastille back in 14th July 1789. The national holiday

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also marks as the point for a revolution in the history of French. Different authors have
indicated that this national holiday occurred as a result of fear for Paris people from attack by
the foreign mercenaries. People stormed Bastille thus preventing the access of gun and other
ammunition from the foreign mercenaries in French .Bastille had often held people in jail and
Pars people were unhappy about his behavior.
The Marianne. It is referred to as the symbol for liberty in French and an also a sign for
Goddess of liberty. The symbol is always displayed in any place and it is used as a sign of
honour to halls and also to the courts in France (Kaplan, 2018). The symbol is in the structure
of woman who always stands out on the official logos in the government of French. It also
appears on the stamps of French and also coins. It has been identified as one of the most used
symbols that marked the revolution in French .As a national icon, she tends to symbolize the
abolishment of monarchy in French. It championed the freedom and the democracy in French
thus fighting for the oppression in the country. The symbol of Marianne was chosen as a step
in the French Revolution since it geared the abolishment of oppression and suffering in Paris.
It, therefore, brought freedom and liberty which enhanced cohesion.
The Maximilien Robespierre. He was a French influential figure who was highly associated
with the aspect of French Revolution (Kates, 2014). He was a member of the Constituent
assembly and therefore he fought for the poor and other related domestic institutions in
French .In addition, he also campaigned for the prices of food commodities, campaigned for
the abolishment of slavery in French and also he served as a universal male suffrage in the
revolution of the French. The era of Maximilien Robespierre is characterized by the
abolishment of factors such as the opposition to the war in Austria, campaign for the
execution of Louis XVI, the abolishment of the Girondists and the reign of terror which
marked the most significant revolution in French (Kates, 2014).

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The Marie Antoinette. She was a Queen who played important role in the revolution of
French. As a queen of French she was in the position to do the following;
First, she used to spend a lot of money in saving the lives of people when they were suffered
from hunger. Also, she was in the position to persuade the king to change the constitutional
monarchy in French (Kates, 2014). She also advocated for the increased relationship between
French and Australian politics. The most important icon of Marie Antoinette was evident
when she influenced the king to friend Australia suggesting that French now could borrow
army weapons to protect French from their enemies.
The Charlotte Corday. This was also another figure for the French revolution. The
Charlotte Corday played a key role in the politics of French (Doyle, 2018). She was identified
as the only leader who always respected the political principles of the Girondist groups in
French. Most of the time she regarded the Girondist groups as the only movement which
could induce the liberation of French .The Girondist were more determined to secure the
revolution in French and that's why Charlotte Corday had aligned with their views and
perspectives. The Charlotte Corday participated in securing the roles of women in the society
during that time. She challenged those who used to undermine women and therefore giving
an insight to all women in French (Doyle, 2018). The Charlotte Corday was regarded as a
hero after challenging those were on violence proposition for the Girondist groups in French.
Charlotte Corday therefore, she saved millions of Paris people and she tried to reverse the
violence which occurred during the massacres of 1792 in French. By doing all this Charlotte
Corday became a prominent leader and therefore being used as the symbol for revolution in
French.
Reading Response

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What was revolutionary about in French revolution?
French revolution took place due to a number of factors. Before the revolution could happen
a number of aspects were to be taken into consideration (Wahnich, 2012).A number of
considerations such as; the country was believed to be in a terrible financial state during that
time. Also, the national assembly was composed of a number of bourgeois who had at least
adequate education skills. The people in French fighting for the revolution were believed to
be the common citizens who were hungry for the daily bread in French. The other aspect
which induced the revolution was the treason of the king, unfortunately the king was arrested
and judged by the court for attempting to flee the country (Hanson, 2015). Therefore, on the
catastrophic capital situation the nation had to face civil war, increased lack of infrastructure
and formation of institutions. The other aspect which characterized the revolution in French
was the mess induced by the government. There was a period of terror in the nation in the
sense that the government system had fully changed starting from the number of heads who
had occupied a different position. During this time people were falsely suspected on the issue
of being an enemy to the nation.
The revolutionary was seen as a significant aspect whereby the social and political system in
French was overthrown (Hanson, 2015). This revolution was identified as the first communist
revolution that facilitated the power control in French. All the assets for upper people or
upper classes in French were not destroyed and not all their land possessions were grabbed
during the revolutionary. This meant that there was the need to use the available resources for
human survival. People in French were still needed to work and eat so there was no
disturbance. Also, the other issue which marked the revolutionary was that French revolution
facilitated the replacement of monarch in the state. This action was unbelievable and
therefore no one could imagine for it. After a while, an emperor was established in return.

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People went back to try the monarchy again and again but at the start, the aspect was to
undergo revolution (Loubère, 2014).
French was revolutionized because everyone in Paris was after the revolution. They had
killed a king and there was no head of state. Different sources have indicated that the
revolution was more of a symbol than a war in French.
Therefore, to sum up the revolution in French, we notice that it involved the following
aspects. The first revolution was as a result of hungry for the common people of Paris
(Jones,2018). The hungry was on lack of rights and also increased taxes which were imposed
on common people of Paris. Also, lack of representation in the French government initiated
the revolution process. The other issue analysed is the execution of the king and his family in
French. The nation was left without a king and therefore need for revolution. The other
incidence was the fight for the privileges which were termed as aristocracies to the common
people in Paris. This was characterized by the war which was basically on the sea and
continents during that time (Jones, 2018). Lastly, the different types of government changes
in French were also the root cause of the revolution.
Listening Responses and /or Viewing Responses
This section involves the tearing up history for the art in revolution represented in BBC by
Dr. Richard Clay (Andrew, 2011). The BBC presenter has spent his time in decoding some
symbols of power and other factors that induced the French revolution. He has also
investigated the aspect of iconoclasm induced the French revolution. Clay argues that the
power of iconoclasm was launched together with the French Revolution and thus changing
the shape of the world. In addition, Clay came to realize that untold stories about the
revolution in French can be entirely discovered through the use of stories which he believes

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they document all great destructions incurred in the nation. Therefore, through storytelling
about French revolution that is starting from the storming of the Bastille all the way to the
rise of Napoleon –then Clay concludes by suggesting that French revolution shows the
destructions and constructive roles iconoclasts which were revealed by the modern birth of
Europe (Andrew, 2011).
In 1798 a riot attacked the Barriere de la conference and they ransacked everything. After two
days the governor Bernard was beaten and decapitated. Clay reveals this incidence as the
mark for the French revolution. He shows that history is composed of the issue such as
rioting, iconoclasm, and use of powers which controls the intended subjects. Art was
identified as one of the oldest tools in French and it facilitated the potent for the political acts.
All these arts were symbols for oppression in French (Drott, 2011). The BBC concludes by
saying that art and images are the daily life activities in France and revolution should be done
so as to make Paris people to realize the actual importance.
The other voice for the revolution in French was through the speeches of Maximilien
Robespierre. Maximilien was a lawyer before the Revolution kicked off in French. He used to
fight for the poor in French and also campaigned for the minorities such as women who had
been robbed in the nation (Yarrington & Everest, 2016). He was looking for the democracy in
French. His power was realized through the club of Jacobins which are equivalent to the
today's political parties in French. The club was once named as the friends of the constitution.
Robespierre later was affected by the Revolution whereby the club had to split. He shows that
revolution was not a single step to follow but a complex procedure which involved the
struggle for the powers between defined groups.

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The club formed by the Robespierre played a significant in controlling the Revolution in
French. When the revolution occurred Jacobins club unified with the state and by so doing
they were able to save revolution in French (Yarrington & Everest, 2016). Robespierre
facilitated revolution through the committee of public safety, through the overthrow of Louis
XVI and lastly being the leader of the Jacobins movement in French.
Discussion Topic Commentaries
In the discussion, topic commentaries have selected the Symbols of the French Revolution.
The topic has interesting since it tries to give historical artifacts about the revolution in
French (Miller, 2011). Generally, symbolism in France was regarded as a device that would
enhance the identification and act as a unique factor which facilitated coherent within the
nation. In addition, there was the need to differentiate between the modern time in French and
the old regime experienced in French nation. This in return facilitated the formation of these
symbols whose motives were to initiate a reign for the monarchy symbolism in French.
The topic shows how symbols were borrowed from the different cultures and then redefined
to give a new meaning and afresh interpretation. Those symbols which indicated the old
regimes in French were either destroyed or some characteristics or features being accepted
and used in the French revolution (Miller, 2011). Those new symbols generated were to
induce an aspect of enlightenment and also to instil to the entire public a change in the
tradition which was vital in the French revolution.
There were a number of symbols for the revolution in French. Each symbol marks a
particular aspect which reminds French people on the history of their country. Some of these
symbols in French revolution included the Marseillaise, the Bastille Day, the Marianne, the

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Charlotte Corday, Marie Antoinette and lastly the Maximilien Robespierre. All these symbols
shows important events which occurred in French (Miller, 2011).
References
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English Civil War to the French Revolution. University of Toronto Press.
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on the Social History of the German Middle Class from the Late Eighteenth to the Early
Twentieth Century. Routledge.
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Drott, E. (2011). Music and the elusive revolution: Cultural politics and political culture in
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Iggers, G. G. (2011). The Intellectual Foundations of Nineteenth-Century "Scientific"
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